Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 14 2 2020 05 03 1316 1316 Saideh Yousefi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran Ali Reza Zahraei-Ramazani Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Yavar Rassi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hassan Vatandoost Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticide, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Amir Ahmad Akhavan Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas Aghaei-Afshar Leishmaniasis Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Masoumeh Amin Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Azim Paksa Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran 2020 06 30 Background: The attraction of phlebotomine sand flies to plant and animal hosts is due to the produced chemical compounds, affecting the olfactory receptors of the insects. Therefore, novel and effective methods, such as Attrac­tive Toxic Sugar Baits (ATSB) and Attractive Toxic Baits (ATB), are based on the effective materials that attract sand flies toward the host. The present study was designed to identify the attractive materials in plants and animals for using in ATSB and ATB. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in July 2018 on endemic areas of leishmaniasis in Iran. Differ­ent baits, including mango, nectarine, grape, banana, melon and watermelon, defibrinated blood of cattle, sheep, goat and chicken, urine of cattle, sheep, goat and ultimately, simple and complex chemicals, such as CO2, 1-octanol, lactic acid and human sweat were placed inside the traps, and the rate of  the sand flies attraction to these materials was studied. Furthermore, data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann Whitney U test. Results: There was a significant difference in the sand flies attraction between the traps containing watermelon, urine of cattle, and sheep, and chemicals such as CO2 and human sweat and the control trap (p< 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that watermelon and CO2 are the potential candidates for using in ATSB and ATB, respectively. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1316 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1316/500