Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 9 2 2015 10 11 267 273 EN Hamid Zendehfili Department of Medical Entomology, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran. Amir Hossein Zahirnia Department of Medical Entomology, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran. Amir Hossein Maghsood Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran. Mohammad Khanjani Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Mohammad Fallah Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran. 2015 10 10 2015 10 10 Background: Rodents with a population greater than the entire population of other mammals on earth are the source of economic losses and health conflicts. One of the major health problems with the rodents is their role as reservoir hosts of zoonotic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the infestation of commensal rodents with ectoparasites in Hamedan City, Western Iran. Methods: The samples were collected by live traps during years 2012–2013. After transferring the samples to the Entomological Laboratory of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, their ectoparasites were collected and identified. Results: A total of 171 slides were prepared from 105 captured commensal rodents: Mus musculus, Rattus rattus and R. norvegicus comprising three orders namely Mesostigmata: Hypoaspis (Laelaspis) astronomica, Dermanyssius sp, Pachylaelapidae (male). Metastigmata: Rhipicephalus sp and Anoplura: Polyplax spinulosa were recovered in Hamedan City. Seventy (66.6%) rodents were found infested with at least one species of ectoparasites. Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that ectoparasites infestation in commensal rodents of Hamedan city is high and more attention by local health authorities is needed to prevent zoonotic diseases. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/138 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/138/125