Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 15 1 2021 03 31 1429 1429 Taghi Ghassemi-Khademi Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad Ali Oshaghi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hassan Vatandoost 2Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Massoud Madjdzadeh Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Mohammad Amin Gorouhi Department of Vector Biology and Control, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2021 04 17 Background: Among the blood-sucking insects, Anopheles mosquitoes have a very special position, because they transmit parasites of the genus Plasmodium, which cause malaria as one of the main vector-borne disease worldwide. The aim of this review study was to evaluate utility of complete mitochondrial genomes in phylogenetic classification of the species of Anopheles. Methods: The complete mitochondrial genome sequences belonging to 28 species of the genus Anopheles (n=32) were downloaded from NCBI. The phylogenetic trees were constructed using the ML, NJ, ME, and Bayesian inference meth­ods. Results: In general, the results of the present survey revealed that the complete mitochondrial genomes act very accu­rately in recognition of the taxonomic and phylogenetic status of these species and provide a higher level of support than those based on individual or partial mitochondrial genes so that by using them, we can meticulously reconstruct and modify Anopheles classification. Conclusion: Understanding the taxonomic position of Anopheles, can be a very effective step in better planning for controlling these malaria vectors in the world and will improve our knowledge of their evolutionary biology. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1429 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1429/522