Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 19 2 2025 10 26 99 112 EN Asghar Nasiri Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Health, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Kamran Akbarzadeh Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham Jahanifard Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Health, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Mona Sharififard Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2025 01 25 2025 05 20 Background: Flies play a significant role in public health because of their potential to transmit human pathogens and cause myiasis. This study aimed to investigate the species composition, abundance, biodiversity, and synanthropy of medical­ly important flies in southwest Iran. Methods: Flies were collected from urban, semi-urban and non-residential ecosystems of Andimeshk county, southwest Iran, from 2020 to 2021 using a bottle trap and sweep net. All collected specimens were identified using taxonomic keys. Biodiversity and synanthropic indices were calculated. Results: A total of 15644 flies belonging to three families of Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae and Muscidae were collect­ed, comprising 11 genus and 18 species of Sarcophaga ruficornis (0.5%), S. aegyptica (0.9%), S. melanura (0.6%), S. africa (0.6%), Sarcophaga sp. (2.6%), Ravinia pernix (0.4%), Sarcophila sp. (0.3%), Wohlfahrtia sp. (0.6%), Chrysomya albiceps (9%), Chrysomya megacephala (36.3%), Lucilia sericata (2.5%), Calliphora vicina (0.3%), Pole­nia sp. (0.5%), Musca domestica (30.8%), Musca automnalis (0.6%), Muscina stabulans (2.4%), Muscina prolapse (0.4%), Atherigona sp. (0.6%) were trapped. The synanthropic index (SI) was +52.25, +46.2, +35.1, +35.95, and +21.45 for the myiasis-causing species, including C. vicina, S. africa, C. albispes, C. megalocephala and S. aegyptica, respec­tively. The biodiversity and evenness indices were 1.82±0.026 and 0.6306±0.0009, indicating a relatively high diversity and moderate/high evenness of flies in the study area. Conclusion: Given synanthropic behavior and widespread presence of C. megacephala, this species should be priori­tized in future surveillance and control programs to reduce public health risks. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1826 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1826/688