<?xml version="1.0"?>
<Articles JournalTitle="Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2322-1984</Issn>
      <Volume>0</Volume>
      <Issue>0</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>08</Month>
        <Day>03</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">Laboratory Evaluation of a Non-Insecticide Multimodal Trap Using Carbon Dioxide, Lactic Acid, Ultraviolet-A Light and Sound Frequency for Aedes aegypti Control</title>
    <FirstPage>1952</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>1952</LastPage>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Mubarak</FirstName>
        <LastName>Mubarak</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Tri Baskoro Tunggul</FirstName>
        <LastName>Satoto</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>05</Month>
        <Day>19</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2026</Year>
        <Month>07</Month>
        <Day>27</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">Background: Dengue remains an important public health problem in tropical and subtropical settings. Aedes aegypti is a principal dengue vector and is highly adapted to domestic environments. Because repeated chemical-based control may contribute to insecticide resistance and environmental exposure, practical non-insecticide tools are needed. This study evaluated a non-insecticide multimodal trap integrating carbon dioxide, lactic acid, ultraviolet-A light and sound frequency for Ae. aegypti control.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study evaluated a laboratory prototype multimodal trap. A total of 2,850 female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were used for multimodal combination testing and commercial-trap comparison after preliminary attractant optimization. The colony was obtained from the Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Non-blood-fed females aged 3&#x2013;5 days were used. Each treatment included three replications of 50 mosquitoes. Outcomes were analyzed using the General Linear Model and repeated ANOVA.
Results: Lactic acid was the most effective single attractant (78.66%). The four-mode combination produced the highest mean effectiveness (91.33%), with a maximum observed value of 98%. In the enclosed-room test, the multimodal trap performed significantly better than the Mosquito Killer BG-360 and the suction-only negative control, but not sig&#xAD;nifi&#xAD;cantly better than the Photocatalyst Mosquito and Fly Trap.
Conclusion: The non-insecticide multimodal trap showed promising laboratory effectiveness for capturing or elec&#xAD;tro&#xAD;cuting Ae. aegypti. Semi-field and field trials are needed to assess operational effectiveness, feasibility, electrical safety and durability.</abstract>
    <web_url>https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1952</web_url>
    <pdf_url>https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1952/732</pdf_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
