Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 8 2 2014 12 15 132 138 EN Abdolali Malmasi Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Saeedeh Janitabar Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Mohebali Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Behnaz Akhoundi Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Nadi Maazi Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Mehdi Aramoon Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Narges Khorrami Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Hesam A Seifi Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 2015 10 16 Background: A two year seroepidemiological study was designed to find out the seroprevalence and risk factors ofcanine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) among stray and owned dogs in Tehran and Alborz Provinces of Iran. Methods: Blood samples of  602 dogs living in  11  counties of  Tehran and  Alborz  Provinces were  taken by venipuncture in 2008–2010. After separation of blood sera, anti-leishmanial antibodies were detected by direct agglutination test (DAT). Results: Overall, of the 408 and 194 serum samples collected randomly from dogs in 11 localities in Tehran and Alborz Provinces, 18/408 (4.41%) and 12/194 (6.18%) respectively were found positive. Among the localities, Shemiran in Tehran Province and Karaj In Alborz Province had the highest prevalence rates. No statistically significant differences were found between sex and living place but there was significant difference between living status (owned or stray) and CVL infection of dogs in Alborz Province (P= 0.018). The highest seroprevalence (7.5%) was found in dogs aged 3 to 5 years old. Only 20% of the seropositive dogs were symptomatic. Conclusion: Concerning possible human infections in Tehran and Alborz Provinces, both symptomatic and asymptomatic seropositive dogs should be considered as a risk. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/226 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/226/203