Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 7 2 2013 12 15 122 131 EN Mohammad Akhoundi Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688-USC «Transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)», Faculté de Pharmacie, Département de la parasitologie, Reims, France AND Pasteur Institute of Iran, Department of Parasitology, Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Baghaei Pasteur Institute of Iran, Department of Parasitology, Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Tehran, Iran. Jérôme Depaquit Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, ANSES, EA4688-USC «Transmission vectorielle et épidémiosurveillance de maladies parasitaires (VECPAR)», Faculté de Pharmacie, Département de la parasitologie, Reims, France. Parviz Parvizi Pasteur Institute of Iran, Department of Parasitology, Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania major is a serious and increasing problem affecting manyrural areas of 17 out of 31 provinces in Iran. Little is known about sand fly fauna and leishmaniases in Eastern Iran and no study has been carried out in Sarbisheh County. The aim of this study was to determine sand flies composi- tion and probable Leishmania infection to find the probable vectors of leishmaniasis in Sarbisheh district. Methods: Sand flies were caught using both sticky papers and CDC light traps in August 2010. They were identified morphologically and analyzed for Leishmania infection by amplification of ITS-rDNA. Results: Totally, 842 specimens were caught and 8 species recorded. They belonged to the genera Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia: P. (Phlebotomus) papatasi, P. (Paraphlebotomus) sergenti, P. (Pa.) caucasicus, P. (Pa.) mongolensis, P. (Pa.) jacusieli, S. (Sergentomyia) dentata, S. (Se.) sintoni and S. (Sintonius) clydei. All collected females were processed for Leishmania DNA detection by PCR amplifying of Internal Transcribed Spacer1 (partial sequence),5.8S (complete sequence) and ITS2 (partial sequence) fragments. Thirteen females were positive for Leishmania DNA. The sequencing of the 430 bp amplicons indicated that 9  P. papatasi and 3 females belonging to the Caucasicus group carried L. major DNA whereas one P. sergenti carried L. tropica DNA. Conclusion: Phlebotomus papatasi and P. sergenti are, like in several places, the probable vectors of cutaneous leishmaniases in this emerging or unknown focus of cutaneous leishmaniases. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/239 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/239/216