Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 6 1 2012 06 15 18 27 EN A Veysi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran H Vatandoost Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran MR Yaghoobi-Ershadi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran MH Arandian Esfahan Training and Health Research Center, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran R Jafari Esfahan Training and Health Research Center, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran M Hosseini Department of Epidemiology and biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran H abdoli Esfahan Training and Health Research Center, National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran Y Rassi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran K Heidari Esfahan Health Center, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran A Sadjadi Esfahan Health Center, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran R Fadaei Esfahan Health Center, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran J Ramazanpour Esfahan Health Center, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran K Aminian Esfahan Health Center, Esfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran MR Shirzadi Department of Zoonosis, CDC, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran AA Akhavan Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Zoonotic  cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is an increasing health problems in many rural areas of Iran. The aim of this study was to introduce a new alternative rodenticide to control the reservoirs of ZCL, its effect on the vector density and the incidence of the disease in hyperendemic focus of Esfa­han County, central Iran. Methods: The study was carried out from January 2011 to Janu­ary 2012. In intervention areas, rodent control operation was conducted using zinc phosphide or Coumavec®.Active case findings were done by house-to-house visits once every season during 2011–2012. To evaluate the effect of rodent control operation on the vector density, sand flies were collected twice a month using sticky traps. Results: The reduction rate of rodent holes inintervention areas with  Coumavec® and zinc phosphide were 48.46% and 58.15% respectively, whereas in control area results showed 6.66 folds intensification.The Incidence of ZCL significantly reduced in the treated areas. Totally, 3200 adult sand flies were collected and identified in the inter­vention and control areas. In the treated area with zinc phosphide, the density of Phlebotomus papatasi was higher in outdoors in contrast with the treated area by Coumavec® which the density of the sand fly was higher in indoors. Conclusion: Both rodenticides were effective on the incidence of ZCL and the population of the reservoirs as well. Coumavec® seems to be effective on the outdoor density of the vector. This combination of rodenticide-insecticide could be a suitable alternative for zinc phosphide while bait shyness or behavioral resistance is occurred. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/95 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/95/93