Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 6 2 2015 10 14 90 97 EN Wei Xiang-Zhu Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Kun Zhao Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Sha Sha-Chu Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Zhi Long-Liu Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 Background: The efficacy of essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides flowering aerial parts and its three main active ingredients was evaluated against Blattella germanica male adults. Methods: Composition of essential oil was determined by GC-MS. Topical application bioassay was used to evalu- ate contact toxicity of essential oil and three main components. Fumigant toxicity of essential oil and its main com- ponents was measured using a sealed space method. Results: Twenty-two components were identified in the essential oil and the main components were (Z)-ascaridole(29.7%), isoascaridole (13.0%), ρ-cymene (12.7%) and piperitone (5.0%). The essential oil and (Z)-ascaridole, isoascaridole and r-cymene possessed fumigant toxicity against male German cockroaches with LC50 values of 4.13,0.55, 2.07 and 6.92 mg/L air, respectively. Topical application bioassay showed that all the three compounds weretoxic to male German cockroaches and (Z)-ascaridole was the strongest with a LD50 value of 22.02 mg/adult while the crude oil with a LD50 value of 67.46 mg/adult. Conclusion: The essential oil from Chinese C. ambrosioides and its three main active ingredients may be explored as natural potential insecticides in the control of cockroaches. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/160 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/160/144

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 6 2 2015 10 14 151 155 EN Zafer Yazici Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Harun Albayrak Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Emre Ozan Virology Laboratory, Regional Veterinary Control and Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Samsun, Turkey Semra Gumusova Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 Background: West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne disease that can cause fatal infection in mammals in-cluding humans, dogs, horses, birds and reptiles. Although West Nile Virus is an asymptomatic infection, especially it can cause neurologic disorders in humans and horses. The aim of this study was to the investigate virological pres- ence of WNV in horses in the Black Sea Region of Turkey using real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). Methods: Totally, 120 horse sera were collected equally from 4 provinces in Middle Black Sea Region of Turkey and investigated for WNV presence by Taqman based rRT-PCR. Results: WNV nucleic acid was not detected in any horse serum sample. Conclusion:  Although obtained result indicated no evidence of WNV–RNA in horses, Black Sea Region of Turkey is one of the suitable places for the WNV infection. For this reason, our research will continue for the determination of the viruses in vectors and susceptible animals such as horses, dogs, etc. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/171 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/171/155

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 6 2 2015 10 14 156 163 EN Naseh Maleki-Ravasan Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mansoureh Shayeghi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Babak Najibi Shaheed Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Ali Oshaghi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 Myiasis, the invasion of live human tissue by larva of Diptera, is reported in the nasal cavity of a 5.5- year-old Iranian girl. She was referred from Golestan Province to the Shaheed Rajaei Heart Center in Tehran. In the 41th day after admission, a live parasite was found in her nasal secretions suction identified presumably as a second instar larvae of a facultative myiasis, Woholfartia nuba (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), on the basis of mtDNA-COI and morphological characteristics. Since presence of the larva was recorded after hospitalization, by definition, this infestation is considered a nosocomial myiasis. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/172 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/172/156

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 6 2 2015 10 14 98 103 EN Kailash Kumar-Swami Laboratory of Entomology, PG Department of Zoology, Governmental Dungar College, Rajasthan, India Meera Srivastava Laboratory of Entomology, PG Department of Zoology, Governmental Dungar College, Rajasthan, India 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 Background: The present study was undertaken to compare the entomological situation by analyzing the blood meal of mosquitoes of canal irrigated and non-irrigated areas of Bikaner in order to explore scientific information on the vector biology and malaria burden profile and to plan proper strategies for malaria control and eradication. Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected and the abdomen of the blood fed females were crushed on a filter paper for blood meal analysis and subjected to precipitin test. Results: The blood meal analysis showed that Anopheles subpictus had a preference towards cattle blood, An. culicifacies and An. stephensi preferred human blood, while, An. annularis was noted to feed only on bovine blood. Conclusion: Although An. annularis, has been recently reported from the area, was found to feed exclusively on bovine blood, earlier reports suggest that this species is a vector of malaria and therefore preventive measures should be taken well in advance before this species gets established in the area. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/162 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/162/146

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 6 2 2015 10 14 104 111 EN Hazrat Bilal Medical Entomology and Disease Vector Control, Health Services Academy, Islamabad-Pakistan Waseem Akram Akram Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad-Pakistan. Soaib Ali-Hassan Medical Entomology and Disease Vector Control, Health Services Academy, Islamabad-Pakistan 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 Background: Development of insecticide resistance occurred due to the continuous and misuse of synthetic insecti- cides therefore, the recent study was conducted to explore eco-friendly plant extracts that have some potential to sup- press mosquito larval population. Methods: WHO recommended mosquito larval bioassay method for insecticide was used while for the analysis of cit- rus oils for limonin and nomilin content HPLC was used. Results: Among the two citrus cultivars tested as larvicide against Aedes albopictus, valencia late (Citrus sinensis) was the best in terms of LC50 (297 ppm), % mortality (97%) and LT50 (18.49 hours) then freutrall early (Citrus reticulate) with LC50 (377.4 ppm), % mortality (88%) and LT50 (31 hours), While nomilin gave lowest LC50 (121.04 ppm) than limonin (382.22 ppm) after 72 hours of exposure. Valencia late also had more limonin and nomilin (377 µ g/ml and 21.19 µ g/ml) than freutrall early (5.29 µ g/ml and 3.89 µ g/ml) respectively. Conclusion: Valencia late showed best results in term of LC50, LT50 and percentage mortality against Aedes albopictus as it has more amount of nomilin then freutrall early, however further evaluation in the field conditions is required. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/163 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/163/147

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 6 2 2015 10 14 112 118 EN Mojtaba Limoee Depatment of Public Health, Nosocomial Infections Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran Behroz Davari Department of Entomology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran AND Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences and Environment Health research Center, Kurdistan, Iran Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 Background: The German cockroach, Blattella germanica is a major hygienic pest and mechanical vector for path- ogenic agents in hospitals and residential areas. The development of insecticide resistance is a serious problem in controlling of this pest. Toxicity of four commonly used insecticides (permethrin, cypermethrin, malathion and chlorpyrifos) against two hospital- collected strains of the German cockroach was investigated. Methods: Topical bioassay methods were carried out for detecting insecticide susceptibility of adult male cock- roaches. For each insecticide, four to six concentrations resulting in >0% and <100% mortality were used. Three to six replicates of 10 cockroaches per concentration were conducted. The differences between LD50 (µ g/g) values were considered statistically significant only when the 95% confidence intervals did not overlap Results: Two hospital- collected strains of the German cockroach showed low to moderate levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos, permethrin, malathion and cypermethrin based on resistance ratios compared with susceptible strain. Conclusion: The low level chlorpyrifos resistance suggesting this insecticide may still provide adequate control of these strains. While the obsereved moderate levels of resistance to cypermethrin could imply developing resistance to this compound. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/164 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/164/148

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 6 2 2015 10 14 119 128 EN Kamran Akbarzadeh Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Javad Rafinejad Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jamasb Nozari Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Re- sources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran Yavar Rassi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mostafa Hosseini Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 14 2015 10 14 Background: Bait-trapping appears to be a generally useful method of studying fly populations. The aim of this study was to construct a new adult flytrap by some modifications in former versions and to evaluate its applicability in a subtropical zone in southern Iran. Methods: The traps were constructed with modification by adding some equipment to a polyethylene container (18×20× 33 cm) with lid. The fresh sheep meat was used as bait. Totally 27 adult modified traps were made and tested for their efficacies to attract adult flies. The experiment was carried out in a range of different topographic areas of Fars Province during June 2010. Results: The  traps were  able  to  attract  various groups of  adult flies  belonging to  families of:  Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Muscidae, and Faniidae. The species of Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Sarcophaga argyrostoma (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) include the majority of the flies collected by this sheep-meat baited trap. Conclusion: This adult flytrap can be recommended for routine field sampling to study diversity and population dy- namics of flies where conducting of daily collection is difficult. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/166 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/166/150

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 6 2 2015 10 14 129 135 EN Nasrollah Vahedi-Noori Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Specialized Veterinary Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU), Tehran, Iran Sadegh Rahbari Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad Univer- sity, Tehran, Iran Saeed Bokaei Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran- Iran https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/516 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/516/329

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 11 2 2017 06 13 226 235 EN Shahid Iqbal Mohammed School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India Kishor Sukhlal Vishwakarma School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India Vijay Laxminarayan Maheshwari School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, India 2016 08 06 2016 08 06 Background: To study the chemical constituents and larvicidal activity of essential oil extracted from the leaves of Coccinia grandis against three mosquito species. Methods: Essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation using clevenger apparatus and was analyzed for chemical constituents by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Larvicidal activity was recorded after 12 and 24h of post-exposure against three mosquito species, Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefascia­tus. Dead larvae were identified when they failed to move after probing with a needle in the siphon or cervical re­gion. The LC50 and LC90 values for three mosquito larvae were calculated by Probit analysis. Results: The GC-MS analysis revealed that essential oil contains 23 different constituents. Out of these 23 constitu­ents, major constituents identified were n-tetracosane (39.18%), n-eicosane (30.04%), tetratriacotane (2.97%), 7-oc­tadecanal (2.81%), and tricosane (2.31%). Essential oil from leaves of Coccinia grandis exhibited significant larvi­cidal activity against An. stephensi with LC50 and LC90 values 39.41ppm and 123.24ppm, respectively. This was fol­lowed by Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 and LC90 values of 48.20ppm, 131.84ppm and 52.80ppm, 135.48ppm, respectively after 24h of exposure. Conclusion: The results could be useful in developing a cost effective, ecofriendly, region specific and practical strategy for the control of mosquito vectors. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/519 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/519/330

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 11 2 2017 06 13 236 241 EN Leila Nourani Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Mansour Aliabadian Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran AND Research Department of Zoological Innovations, Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Navid Dinparast-Djadid Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Omid Mirshamsi Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran AND Research Department of Zoological Innovations, Institute of Applied Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2016 08 06 2016 08 06 Background: The intracellular protozoan parasites of the genus Haemoproteus occur in different avian hosts all over the world. Various genus of blood sucking insects’ families such as Hippoboscidae and Ceratopogonidae could transmit Haemoproteus in avian hosts. There are very limited number of studies on wild infected birds with blood parasites in Iran, so the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of Haemoproteus spp. infection in passerine birds from northwest of Iran. Methods: Passerines were collected from four different localities in Zanjan Province, northwest Iran during June to August 2014. Results: Of 86 passerines, we found Haemoproteus infection in 19 (22.09%) individuals. In general, 15 bird species were observed for haemosporidians, of which 53% were infected. Conclusion: Three species of passerines: Petronia petronia, Sitta tephronota and Acrocephalus melanopogon are new host records for Haemoproteus infection in the world. Results acquired by this study support widespread distri­bution of Haemoproteus in passerines and illustrated the prevalence of Haemoproteus species in wild birds of north­west of Iran. Conclusively, our study specified that more investigations are needed to reach exact prevalence rate in different families of birds in Iran. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/520 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/520/331

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 11 2 2017 06 13 242 248 EN Narges Sharifinia Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Iman Gowhari Department of Biology, Payam-e-Noor University, Ilam Branch, Ilam, Iran Manijeh Hoseiny-Rad Department of Biology, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran