Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 8 1 2014 06 15 1 9 EN Yasser Mahmmod Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark AND Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt. 2015 10 16 Background: There is a little or no data available on the natural Babesia bovis (B. bovis) infection in water buffaloes(Bubalus bubalis) comparing to the available one for cattle. This study was conducted to investigate the natural B. bovis infection in water buffaloes in comparison to crossbred cattle under field conditions in Egypt. Methods: A total of 35 buffaloes and cattle were clinically and laboratory investigated from March to June 2008. Twenty-nine buffaloes and cattle out of 35 were naturally infected with B. bovis and showed signs of bovine babesiosis. Three cows and three buffaloes showed no clinical signs and were free from external, internal, and blood parasites served as control group. Results: Babesia bovis-infected cattle showed typical signs of bovine babesiosis while B. bovis-infected buffaloes showed a milder form (less severe) of the clinical signs. Advanced cases of cattle showed dark brown to dark red (coffee-color) urine, hemoglobinuria and nervous manifestations while these manifestations were not detected in the infected buffaloes. Hematological changes in both species however, these changes were less significant in buffaloes than those reported in cattle. Conclusion: This paper documents the first description of natural B. bovis infection in water buffaloes which were found to be more likely to be tolerant than cattle to the natural clinical infection with B. bovis and its subsequent haematological changes. Our finding may lead to a better understanding of the disease pattern of B. bovis infection under field conditions in buffaloes. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/257 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/257/233

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 8 1 2014 06 15 10 20 EN D Leshan Wannigama Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Rishabh Dwivedi Department of Botany, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and PhD Research Scholar, Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. 2015 10 16 Background: Cockroaches are among the medically important pests found within the human habitations that cause serious public health problems. They may harbor a number of pathogenic bacteria on the external surface with anti- biotic resistance. Hence, they are regarded as major microbial vectors. This study investigates the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria species isolated from Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica in Varanasi, India. Methods: Totally, 203 adult cockroaches were collected form 44 households and 52 food-handling establishments by trapping. Bacteriological examination of external surfaces of Pe. americana and Bl. germanica were carried out using standard method and antibiotics susceptibility profiles of the isolates were determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods. Results: Among the places, we found that 54% had cockroache infestation in households and 77% in food- handling establishments. There was no significant different between the overall bacteria load of the external surface in Pe. americana  (64.04%)  and  Bl.  germanica  (35.96%).  However  the  predominant  bacteria  on  cockroaches  were Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli,  Enterobacter aerogenes, and  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, Kl. pneumoniae and Ps. aeruginosa were the most prevalent, drug-resistant strains were isolated from the cockroaches with 100% resistance to sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim and ampicillin. For individual strains of bacteria, Escherichia coli was found to have multi-resistance to four antibiotic tested, Citrobacter freundii four, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus mirabilis to three. Conclusion: Cockroaches are uniformly distributed in domestic environment, which can be a possible vector for transmission of drug-resistant bacteria and food-borne diseases. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/255 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/255/231

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 8 1 2014 06 15 21 34 EN Ruhma Syed Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan. Farkhanda Manzoor Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan. Rooma Adalat Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan. Abida Abdul-Sattar Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan. Azka Syed Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan. 2015 10 16 Background: The present study was designed to investigate the insecticidal efficacy of four different classes of in-secticides: pyrethroids, organophosphates, phenyl-pyrazoles and neo-nicotenoids. One representative chemical from each class was selected to compare the toxicity: deltamethrin from pyrethroids, Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate (DDVP) from organophosphates, fipronil from phenyl-pyrazoles and imidacloprid from neo-nicotenoids. The objec- tive of this study was to determine which of these insecticides were most effective against American cockroach. Methods: These insecticides were tested for their LC50 values against Periplaneta americana under topical bioassay method, using different concentrations for each chemical. Results: Fipronil 2.5% EC was highly effective at all concentrations applied, while DDVP 50% EC was least toxic amongst all. One way analysis of variance confirmed significant differences between mortality of P. americana and different concentrations applied (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Locality differentiation is an important factor in determining the range of resistance between various localities, as all three localities behaved differently in terms of their levels of resistance. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/253 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/253/229

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 8 1 2014 06 15 35 42 EN Hossein Dehghan Department of Medical Entomology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Javid Sadraei Department of Medical Entomology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Hassan Soleimani Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Background: The aim was to survey the specific factors, which cause to decrease blood feeding of mosquitoes important to succeed vector control. Methods: Larval collection was carried out from fixed and variable breeding places of Yazd County, central Iran in 2009. Autogeny-Anautogeny, Stenogamy-Eurygamy, and blood preference of Culex pipiens were studied using standard mosquito cages blood meal source for Cx. pipiens females considered as the chickens and human and fed females were kept in insectary condition (16:8 L: D, 27±3 °C and 70±10% RH). The data were analyzed using SPSS Ver. 11.5 soft ware. Results: Totally, 96 females' mosquitoes were tested for Stenogamy versus Eurygamy and 122 for blood preference assay. In the small cages (20× 20× 20cm) and large cage (60× 40× 60cm), the ability of mating and insemination rates were 60.0 and 67.0%, respectively. In spite of Cx. pipiens fed from sucrose 5%, none of them laying eggs in 60× 40× 60 cages during the study. This finding indicated the Anautogeny behavior of this species. This species was found of low tendency to human blood and almost 4 fold fed on chicken. Conclusion: The occurrence of Steno-Eurygamy, Anautogeny, and Ornithophilic behaviors of Cx. Pipiens was noted. More studies need to  be  carried out about the bionomics of this species to  gain more data about the ecophysiological and behavioral characteristics in other parts of Iran. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/251 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/251/227

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 8 1 2014 06 15 43 52 EN Mohsen Rezaei-Hemami Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ali Akbari-Sari Department of Health Management and Economics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Raiesi National Malaria Control Programme Manager, Center for Disease Management, Teheran, Iran. Hassan Vatandoost Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health and National Institute of Health Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Reza Majdzadeh School of Public Health, Knowledge Utilization Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Background: Malaria still is considered as a public health problem in Iran. The aim of the National Malaria Control Department is to reach the elimination by 2024. By decreasing the number of malaria cases in preelimination phase the cost effectiveness of malaria interventions decreases considerably. This study estimated the cost effectiveness of various strategies to combat malaria in preelimination and elimination phases in Iran. Methods: running costs of the interventions at each level of intervention was estimated by using evidence and expert opinions. The effect of each intervention was estimated using the documentary evidence available and expert opin- ions. Using a point estimate and distribution of each variable the sensitivity was evaluated with the Monte Carlo method. Results: The most cost-effective interventions were insecticide treated net (ITN), larviciding, surveillance for diag- nosis and treatment of patients less than 24 hours, and  indoor residual spraying (IRS) respectively, No related evi - dence found for the effectiveness of the border facilities. Conclusion: This study showed that interventions in the elimination phase of malaria have low cost effectiveness in Iran like many other countries. However ITN is the most cost effective intervention among the available interven- tions. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/249 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/249/225

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 8 1 2014 06 15 53 59 EN Babak Vazirianzadeh Department of Medical Entomology, College of Health and Infectious and Tropical disease Research Centre, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Rouhullah Dehghani Department of Environmental Health, College of Health and Social Determinants of Health (SDH),Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran. Manijeh Mehdinejad Departments of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Mona Sharififard Departments of Medical Entomology, College of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Nersi Nasirabadi Departments of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. 2015 10 16 Background: The brown-banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa is known as a carrier of pathogenic bacteria in urban environments, but its role is not well documented regarding the carriage of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacte- ria in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the resistance bacteria isolated from the brown-banded cockroach in Ahvaz, south west of Iran. Methods: Totally 39 cockroaches were collected from kitchen area of houses and identified. All specimens were cultured to isolate the bacterial agents on blood agar and MacConky agar media. The microorganisms were identified using necessary differential and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed for isolated or- ganisms by Kirby-Bauer’s disk diffusion according to NCLI guideline, using 18 antibiotics. Results: From the 39 collected S. langipalpa, 179 bacterial agents were isolated, 92 of alimentary ducts and 87 of external body surfaces. Isolated bacteria from cockroaches were identified as Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Proteus spp., coagulase negative staphylococci, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus species. The pattern resistance rates were determined for gram negative bacilli and gram positive cocci regarding 18 antibiotics. Conclusion: The brown-banded cockroach can be involved in the spread of drug resistant bacteria and increases the possibility of contacting human environment to drug resistant bacteria. Therefore, the potential of removing this in- sect should be improved. This is the first original report of drug resistant bacteria isolated from the brown-banded cockroach of Iran. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/247 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/247/223

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 8 1 2014 06 15 60 68 EN Mohammad Hassan Kayedi Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran. Ali Akbar Haghdoost Research Center for Modeling in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Ali Salehnia Khorraman Herbal Medicines Pharmaceutical Company, Khorramabad, Iran. Kiumars Khamisabadi National Health Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Background: Using special lotions and repellent sprays on skin is one of the effective methods to prevent Arthropods biting which was verified in this study. Methods: Essential oils of four plants (Satureja khuzestanica, Salvia sclarea, Lavendula officinalis and Myrtus communis) were separately extracted by Clevenger used hydro distillation method. Then separated solutions with 10%, 20% and 40% concentrations of essential oils of plants in 99.6 % ethanol were prepared. WHO guidelines for efficacy testing of mosquito repellents for humanthor> Taiwo Samson Awolola Public Health Division and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria 2019 03 09 Background: Timely entomological and insecticide resistance monitoring is a key to generating relevant data for vector management. We investigated the insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in eight rural farming communities in Southern Gombe, Nigeria. Methods: Overall, 3–5 days-old adult female Anopheles mosquitoes reared from field-collected immature stages between September and November, 2014 were exposed to the diagnostic doses of pyrethroids, organophosphate and carbamate insecticides using the Center for Disease Control Bottle bioassay. The observatory knockdown time from exposure to each insecticide was recorded up to two hours. The dead mosquitoes were then identified morphological­ly and by molecular assays. Results: Mortality results showed resistance in An. gambiae s.l. populations to bendiocarb (2.3–100%), deltamethrin (39–70%), pirimiphos-methyl (65-95%), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (0–38.1%), permethrin (0–46.3%) and lambda-cyhalothrin (42.5–86.4%). The few cases of full susceptibility were observed from lamdacyhalothrin exposed population of An. gambiae s.l. in Banbam and Pantami respectively. An. gambiae 177 (45%) was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than An. arabiensis 64 (16.3%), An. coluzzii 34 (8.7%) and An. gambiae/An. coluzzii hybrid 78 (19.8%). Conclusion: A strong evidence of widespread resistance in the major malaria vector species in Southern Gombe to all common classes of insecticides is a justification for the State Malaria Elimination Programme to consciously con­sider incorporating insecticide resistance management strategies into control programs in order to sustain the future of current control interventions. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1090 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1090/440

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 13 1 2019 04 14 827 827 ENGLISH Azim Paksa Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mahdi Sedaghat Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hassan Vatandoost Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Teimour Hazratian Departmemt of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran AND Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan Uni-versity of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran Mohammad Ali Oshaghi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 03 07 Background: The abundance, diversity, distribution and ecology of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), especially ar­bovirus vectors are important indices for arthropod-borne diseases control. Methods: Larvae and adult mosquitoes were collected using the standard methods from different habitats in nine localities of three counties in the East Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran during June to October 2017. In addi­tion, species richness (R), Simpson’s diversity index (D), Shannon–Wiener index (H̕) and evenness (E) as measures of diversity, were calculated. Results: Overall, 1401 mosquito specimens including 1015 adults and 386 larvae were collected in the study area. The properties of geographical larval habitats were recorded. Four genera along with 10 species were collected and identified, including Anopheles hyrcanus, An. maculipennis s.l., An. superpictus s.l., Aedes caspius, Ae. vexans, Cu­lex pipiens, Cx. theileri, Cx. perexiguus, Culiseta longiareolata and Cs. subochrea. Among the three counties, Ahar region presented the highest species richness (R: 1.5) and diversity values (D: 0.79, H’: 1.74, E: 0.73). Conclusions: This study provides important information on the diversity, distribution and ecology of ten mosquito species in the region. This information leads to a better understanding of mosquito population dynamics in relation to vector control measures. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/827 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/827/441

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 13 1 2019 04 14 730 730 EN Fateme Zarei Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Zabol.Zabol, Iran Maryam Ganjali Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Reza Nabavi Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran 2017 09 24 Background: Theileria is a protozoal parasite that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa. Theileriosis is an important tick-borne disease caused by various species of Theileria. Among these species, T. lestoquardi (T. hirci) is highly pathogenic, while other species such as T. ovis make Subclinical and mild infections in small ruminant. Therefore, the precise identification of the species and the vector ticks are very essential for epidemiological studies and the design of control programs. Methods: This research was conducted with the aim of molecular study to identify Theileria species and vectors in Zabol, eastern Iran in 2015. The presence of Theileria in 80 blood samples and vector ticks was evaluated using PCR method. Results: Of 80 blood samples, PCR analysis showed that 50 samples (62.5%) were infected with Theileria. The eval­uation of the first phase PCR with Nested PCR showed that infections with Theileria ovis and Theileria lestoquardi were 67.45% and 32.55% cases respectively. Overall, 110 ticks (78 males and 32 females) were collected and generally two genera and six spe­cies including Rhipicephalus bursa (9.1%), Rh. sanguineus (29.1%), Rh. turanicus (10.9%) Hyalomma asiati­cum asiati­cum (23.63%), Hy. excavatum (10.9%), Hy. anatolicum (16.37%) were detected. After evaluating ticks infection by PCR method, three species of Rh. turanicus, Rh. sanguineus and Hy. asiaticum asiaticum, were infected. Conclusion: Theileria ovis has a high prevalence among the sheep of zabol and Hy. asiaticum asiaticum, Rh. sanguineus and Rh. turanicus may be the main vectors of Theileria species in this area. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/730 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/730/442

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 13 1 2019 04 14 848 848 EN Majid Khanmohammadi Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Laboratory Science, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran Reza Falak Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Reza Meamar Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Arshadi Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Alzahra Hospitals Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Lame Akhlaghi Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham Razmjou Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 03 29 Background: The purpose of this study was molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia species of Dirofilaria immitis. Methods: Adult filarial nematodes were collected from the cardiovascular and pulmonary arterial systems of natural­ly infected dogs, which caught in different geographical areas of Meshkin Shahr in Ardabil Province, Iran, during 2017. Dirofilaria immitis genomic DNA were extracted.  Phylogenetic analysis for proofing of D. immitis was car­ried out using cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Afterward, the purified DNA was used to determine the molecular pattern of the Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) gene sequence by PCR. Results: Phylogeny and homology studies showed high consistency of the COI gene with the previously-registered sequences for D. immitis. Comparison of DNA sequences revealed no nucleotide variation between them. PCR showed that all of the collected parasites were infected with W. pipientis. The sequence of the WSP gene in Wolbach­ia species from D. immitis was significantly different from other species of Dirofilaria as well as other filarial spe­cies. The maximum homology was observed with the Wolbachia isolated from D. immitis. The greatest distance be­tween WSP nucleotides of Wolbachia species found between D. immitis and those isolated from Onchocerca lupi. Conclusion: PCR could be a simple but suitable method for detection of Wolbachia species. There is a pattern of host specificity between Wolbachia and Dirofilaria that can be related to ancestral evolutions. The results of this phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization may help us for better identification of Wolbachia species and understanding of their coevolution. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/848 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/848/443

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 13 1 2018 10 12 1098 1098 Khodamorad Soofi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Narges Khanjani Research Center for Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Fatemeh Kamiabi Department of Environmental Health and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2019 04 20 Background: Despite all the efforts made to control and eliminate malaria in Iran, this disease is still considered as a priority health problem in the South East of Iran. We aimed to determine the cultural obstacles which have prevented the elimina­tion of malaria in this region. Method: This study was carried out through qualitative content analysis. Purposeful sampling was done from people who had malaria or were involved with malaria patients in 2015, in Sarbaz City, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Eastern Iran. Data were collected through interviews using open questions and continued until data saturation. Results: The most important barriers in malaria prevention was delay in visiting health centers, delay in diagnosis and treatment due to superstitious beliefs, lack of information about the disease, misdiagnosis and fake doctors. Other obstacles were lack of trust and cooperation with interventions offered by the health system, lack of proper use of the available facilities to prevent malaria and commuting in the high-risk neighbor countries. Conclusion: Raising awareness in people, officials and health workers about malaria and preventive health interven­tions as well as health risks associated with fake doctors, following up and re-examination of peripheral blood smear in suspected cases, establishing malaria control stations in border areas and specific measures to refer immigrants and people crossing the border toward malaria diagnosis stations is suggested. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1098 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1098/444

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 13 1 2019 04 22 660 660 EN Ozcan Ozkan Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey Mehmet Alcigir Department of Pathology, Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey 2017 05 15 Background: The aim of study was to compare macroscopical and histopathological findings between venoms be-longing to two scorpion species, Androdoctonus crassicauda, and the newly discovered Leirus abdullahbayrami. Methods: The animals used in this experimental study were fifteen New Zealand bred rabbits. Three groups were constituted as group I (L. abdullahbayrami group, n= 6), group II (A. crassicauda group, n= 6) and group III (control group, n= 3). The animals in the L. abdullahbayrami group and the A. crassicauda group were envenomed through an intravenous route. The rabbits were monitored for the first 24h following the envenomation. The animals dead within that time period were examined and all animals were sacrificed and standard necropsy process was performed at 24h. Results: The pathomorphological findings from group I were found to be more severe than those observed in group II. The venom from the newly identified L. abdullahbayrami has a greater effect than the venom from the A. crassicauda. Moreover, as this was a rabbit modeling study, the L. abdullahbayrami might pose the most serious health threat to infants in particular due to their smaller body weight. Conclusion: These findings will provide a better understanding of envenomation of human beings in terms of the possible consequences of scorpion toxication on the organs. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/660 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/660/445

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 13 1 2018 10 12 1104 1104 Gaetan Billioud Department of Molecular Virology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus Christina Tryfonos Department of Molecular Virology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus Jan Richter Department of Molecular Virology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus 2019 04 27 Background: Sandfly fever is an incapacitating disease caused by sandfly-borne Phleboviruses that can lead to men­ingitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne Flavivirus, can induce neu­roinvasive disease manifested by meningitis, encephalitis or acute flaccid paralysis. Both vectors are endemic in Cy­prus and very active during summer. The aims of this study were to determine first the prevalence of sandfly fever viruses (SFV) and WNV infections in Cyprus and second, to investigate their role in central nervous system (CNS) infections. Methods: For the prevalence study, 327 sera collected in 2013 and 2014 were tested for anti-SFV and anti-WNV IgG using indirect immunofluorescence assay and ELISA, respectively. In order to investigate a possible role of SFV and WNV in CNS infections, 127 sera of patients presenting symptoms of SFV or WNV infections were screened for IgM specific to SFV and WNV. Results: The overall anti-SFV IgG seroprevalence was 28% and was increasing with age (P< 0.01). The seropreva­lence rate for anti-WNV IgG in Cyprus was 5%. Concerning the role of SFVs in CNS infections, anti-SFV IgM was detected in 8 out of 127 sera from selected patients presenting relevant symptoms of infections during vector’s active period. In addition, anti-WNV IgM were detected in 17 out of the 127 patients with compatible symptoms. Conclusion: The findings confirm the presence of sandfly fever and WNV in Cyprus and should, therefore, be con­sidered in the differential diagnosis of patients with febrile illness/meningitis. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1104 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1104/446

2015 11 09 2015 11 09 Background: Aedes aegypti mosquito is responsible for transmitting human diseases like dengue and chikungunya. Personal or space protection with insect repellents is a practical approach to reducing human mosquito contact, thereby minimizing disease transmission. Essential oils are natural volatile substances from plants used as protective measure against blood-sucking mosquitoes. Methods: Twenty-three essential oils were evaluated for their repellent effect against Ae. aegypti female mosquito in laboratory conditions using Y-tube olfactometer.  Results: The essential oils exhibited varying degree of repellency. Litsea oil showed 50.31%, 60.2 %, and 77.26% effective mean repellency at 1 ppm, 10 ppm and 100 ppm respectively, while DEET exhibited 59.63%, 68.63%, 85.48% and DEPA showed 57.97%, 65.43%, and 80.62% repellency at respective above concentrations. Statistical analysis revealed that among the tested essential oils, litsea oil had effective repellency in comparison with DEET and DEPA against Ae. aegypti mosquito at all concentration. Essential oils, DEET and DEPA showed significant repellence against Ae. aegypti (P< 0.05) at all 3 concentration tested. Conclusion: Litsea oil exhibited effective percentage repellency similar to DEET and DEPA. The essential oils are natural plant products that may be useful for developing safer and newer herbal based effective mosquito repellents. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/319 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/319/279

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 10 3 2016 06 18 383 393 EN Maria Mohammadian Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sadegh Chinikar Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Laboratory (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Zakkyeh Telmadarraiy Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran