Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 7 1 2013 06 15 1 7 EN Ali Reza Zahraei-Ramazani Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, India. Dinesh Kumar Department of Zoology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, India. Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University ofMedical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdollah Naghian Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Reza Jafari Esfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Esfahan, Iran Mohammad Reza Shirzadi Communicable Disease Management Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran Hamid Abdoli Esfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Esfahan, Iran Hassan Soleimani Yazd Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Yazd, Iran Niloofar Shareghi Esfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Esfahan, Iran Maryam Ghanei Esfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Esfahan, Iran Mohammad Hossein Arandian Esfahan Health Research Station, National Institute of Health Research, Esfahan, Iran Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University ofMedical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 16 Background: Sand flies of subgenus Adlerius has a wide geographical distribution in Iran and are mostly found in wild form in mountainous areas. They are always considered as probable vectors of visceral leishmaniasis. The ob- jective of this study was to determine the Adlerius species and its composition in an endemic focus of zoonotic vis- ceral leishmaniasis in northwest of the country. Methods: Sand flies were collected from 6 different areas of Azarbaijan-e-Sharqi Province using sticky paper traps from August to September which is active season for sand flies in this area, in 2009. The flies were mounted and identified. The length of third antennal segments, ascoid, labrum, coxite, surstyle, style, aedeagus, genital filament, genital pump, width of style, and the end of aedeagus were measured and the number of costal hairs group was also counted as the morphological characters. Results: A total of 30 adult sand flies, (26 males and 4 females) including Phlebotomus halepensis (46.8%), P. longiductus (13.3%), P. balcanicus (23.3%), P. comatus (3.3%), and Adlerius spp. (13.3%) belong to subgenus Adlerius were identified respectively in 6 counties. One P. comatus male was captured in front of a cave located in the hillside of a mountain covered with the vegetation in Varzeqan area. Conclusion: The presence of at least 5 species of the subgenus Adlerius in Azarbaijan-e-Sharqi Province, an en- demic focus of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Iran, shows that the risk of parasite transmission among man and reservoir animals is high during the active season of sand flies. P. comatus is a new record for Iran and needs to be added to the list of Iranian phlebotomines of subgenus Adlerius. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/266 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/266/242

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 7 1 2013 06 15 8 14 EN Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Iraj Sharifi Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Somayeh Poursmaelian Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Maryam Hakimi-Parizi Leishmaniasis Research Centre, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Nasser Ziaali Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 2015 10 16 Background: The objective of this study was to assess the epidemiological characteristics of a new emerging focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in southern villages of Bam District, southeastern Iran, 2010. Methods: A house-to- house census survey of 5544 individuals were interviewed and physically examined for the presence of active lesions or scars. Diagnosis was confirmed by direct smears, cultures and identification by PCR. The data were entered into a computer and SPSS ver. 15. Results: Overall, 1.2% of the inhabitants were infected, 0.5% active and 0.7% scars and females were more signifi- cantly infected (1.7%) than males (0.8%), (P= 0.003). All age groups were equally affected. Most of the lesions were on the face and majority had single lesion. Most of the cases appeared from 2006 to 2008 during the CL epidemic in the city of Bam. PCR indicated L. tropica as the causative agent. Conclusion: The presence of non-immune individuals along with suitable ecological conditions could induce a new emerging focus of ACL in villages. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/243 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/243/220

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 7 1 2013 06 15 15 22 EN Khodadad Pirali-Kheirabadi Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Zoonotic Diseases, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran. Jaime A Teixeira-da-Silva Faculty of Agriculture and Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh Department of Mycology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Nazemnia Azad University of Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran 2015 10 16 Background: The protective effect of two isolates of an entomopathogenic fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae (DEMI 002 and Iran 437C) on the adult stage of Varroa destructor was evaluated in comparison with fluvalinate strips in the field. Methods: A total of 12 honey bee colonies were provided from an apiculture farm. The selected hives were divided into 4 groups (3 hives per group). The first group was the control, treated with distilled water. The other two groups were exposed to different fungi (M. anisopliae isolates DEMI 002 and Iran 437C) and the last group was treated with one strip of fluvalinate per colony. The number of fallen mites was counted using sticky traps during a 6-day period, six days before and after treatments. A fungal suspension at a concentration of 5× 106 conidia/mL was sprayed onto the frames and the number of fallen mites was counted. Results: Metarhizium anisopliae DEMI 002 and Iran 437C isolates were as effective (i.e., caused as much mite fall)as the fluvalinate strip in controlling bee colonies than no treatment. Conclusion: Both M. anisopliae isolates are promising candidates as agents in the control of Varroa mites under field conditions. Isolate DEMI 002 can be considered as a possible non-chemical biocontrol agent for controlling bee infestation with V. destructor in the field. In order to substantiate this hypothesis, tests are currently being performed using larger colonies and larger doses than tested in the present study in our beekeeping. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/264 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/264/240

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 7 1 2013 06 15 23 30 EN Mona Koosha Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Abai Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mandan Abolhasani Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Soroor Charedar Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hamid Reza Basseri Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Background: The role of lectins is important in interaction between pathogens and mosquito vectors. This study was performed to identify agglutinin activities of protein molecules on the midgut of Culex pipiens. Methods: Culex pipiens was reared in insectray condition and the midguts of males and females (blood fed and un- fed) were dissected separately in Tris-HCl buffer. The extracts of midguts were applied for hemagglutinin assay against red blood cells of rabbit, mouse, rat, dog, horse, sheep, guinea pig, cow, human (A, B, AB, O groups). Then, the RBCs with relatively high agglutinin activity were chosen for carbohydrate inhibition assay. D (+) glucose, D (+) galactose, D (+) mannose, D (-) fructose, D (-) arabinose, L (-) fucose, lactose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-Dgalactosamine, sialic acid were used to specify carbohydrate binding lectin. Results: The highest agglutinin activities were found against sheep and rabbits RBCs. Sexual diversity of agglutinin activities was observed among midgut extraction of males and females. In addition, variation in agglutinin activity of blood fed and unfed female mosquitoes were detected. The lectin activity was inhibited highly with glucose, galactose, fucose and fructose but less inhibitor activities was observed by arabinose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, n- acetyl-d-glucosamine, lactose and mannose. Conclusion: The secretion of hemagglutinins (lectins or lectin-like molecules) in the digestive system depends on the type of food in the gut. This suggests that emptying of the gut in preparation for protein rich food probably starts the secretion of hemagglutinins. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/262 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/262/238

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 7 1 2013 06 15 31 45 EN Hassan Vatandoost Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hossein Mamivandpoor Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Abai Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mansoreh Shayeghi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Rafi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Ahmad Raeisi Department of Malaria, CDC, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. Fatemeh Nikpoor Department of Malaria, CDC, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran. 2015 10 16 Background: The Long-lasing insecticide impregnated nets (LLINs) is considered as an effective tools for malaria vector control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the residual efficacy of alpha-cypermethrin long lasting im- pregnated nets (LLIN-Interceptor®) against Anopheles stephensi using tunnel test. Methods: The wash-resistance of Interceptor® nets were assessed under laboratory conditions using tunnel test. Females of An. stephensi were released into the tunnel and then they were provided blood meals from guinea pigs.Bed nets were washed according to the standard procedure up to 20 times. The bioefficacy indicators such as inhi- bition of bloodmeal from experimental animal, knockdown, irritancy rate, survival rate, entry index and mortality were calculated. Results: It induced 90–100% mortalities in the population of An. stephensi up to 15 washes. The KT50 values re- duced from 73.47 to 26.30 minutes in unwashed in comparison to one washed, respectively. The mean of mortality rate of blood-feeding inhibition and entry indexes was reached to 91.6%±2.8, 87.0±3.4 and 24.9±2.8 respectively after 20 washing. Conclusion: This net could provide a good personal protection against malaria vectors and could induce relatively high mortality, inhibit the blood-feeding as well as reduce the entry rates of female mosquitoes even after several washes. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/260 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/260/236

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 7 1 2013 06 15 46 55 EN Parviz Parvizi Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran. Farzaneh Fardid Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Qom-Branch, Qom, Iran. Somaieh Soleimani Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Department of Parasitology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University of Qom-Branch, Qom, Iran. 2015 10 16 Background: Wolbachia pipientis is maternally inherited endoparasitic bacterium belonging to the α-proteobacteria, infecting 20–75% of all insect species including sand flies. The Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) was employed as an appropriate marker for strain typing. The objective of our research was to find the possibility of detection of W.pipientis in Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus. Methods: Individual sand flies were screened for the presence of W. pipientis. The obtained sequences were edited and aligned with database sequences to identify W. pipientis haplotypes. Results: T wo haplotypes of W. pipientis were found in P. perfiliewi transcaucasicus. The common haplotype of W. pipientis was found to be identical to the sequences of those submitted in GenBank. New strain (haplotype) of W. pipientis was found novel. The sequence of new strain of W. pipientis occurs in P. perfiliewi transcaucasicus is very different from those already submitted in GenBank. Conclusion: Finding one genetically modified new strain of W. pipientis in P. perfiliewi transcaucasicus, now we can conclude that further documents and studies need to reach the role of cytoplasmic incompatibility of W. pipientis through wild sand fly populations to drive a deleterious gene into and to reduce the density of naturathor> Taiwo Samson Awolola Public Health Division and Epidemiology, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria 2019 03 09 Background: Timely entomological and insecticide resistance monitoring is a key to generating relevant data for vector management. We investigated the insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. in eight rural farming communities in Southern Gombe, Nigeria. Methods: Overall, 3–5 days-old adult female Anopheles mosquitoes reared from field-collected immature stages between September and November, 2014 were exposed to the diagnostic doses of pyrethroids, organophosphate and carbamate insecticides using the Center for Disease Control Bottle bioassay. The observatory knockdown time from exposure to each insecticide was recorded up to two hours. The dead mosquitoes were then identified morphological­ly and by molecular assays. Results: Mortality results showed resistance in An. gambiae s.l. populations to bendiocarb (2.3–100%), deltamethrin (39–70%), pirimiphos-methyl (65-95%), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (0–38.1%), permethrin (0–46.3%) and lambda-cyhalothrin (42.5–86.4%). The few cases of full susceptibility were observed from lamdacyhalothrin exposed population of An. gambiae s.l. in Banbam and Pantami respectively. An. gambiae 177 (45%) was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than An. arabiensis 64 (16.3%), An. coluzzii 34 (8.7%) and An. gambiae/An. coluzzii hybrid 78 (19.8%). Conclusion: A strong evidence of widespread resistance in the major malaria vector species in Southern Gombe to all common classes of insecticides is a justification for the State Malaria Elimination Programme to consciously con­sider incorporating insecticide resistance management strategies into control programs in order to sustain the future of current control interventions. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1090 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1090/440

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 13 1 2019 04 14 827 827 ENGLISH Azim Paksa Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mahdi Sedaghat Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hassan Vatandoost Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Teimour Hazratian Departmemt of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran AND Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan Uni-versity of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran Mohammad Ali Oshaghi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 03 07 Background: The abundance, diversity, distribution and ecology of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae), especially ar­bovirus vectors are important indices for arthropod-borne diseases control. Methods: Larvae and adult mosquitoes were collected using the standard methods from different habitats in nine localities of three counties in the East Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran during June to October 2017. In addi­tion, species richness (R), Simpson’s diversity index (D), Shannon–Wiener index (H̕) and evenness (E) as measures of diversity, were calculated. Results: Overall, 1401 mosquito specimens including 1015 adults and 386 larvae were collected in the study area. The properties of geographical larval habitats were recorded. Four genera along with 10 species were collected and identified, including Anopheles hyrcanus, An. maculipennis s.l., An. superpictus s.l., Aedes caspius, Ae. vexans, Cu­lex pipiens, Cx. theileri, Cx. perexiguus, Culiseta longiareolata and Cs. subochrea. Among the three counties, Ahar region presented the highest species richness (R: 1.5) and diversity values (D: 0.79, H’: 1.74, E: 0.73). Conclusions: This study provides important information on the diversity, distribution and ecology of ten mosquito species in the region. This information leads to a better understanding of mosquito population dynamics in relation to vector control measures. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/827 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/827/441

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 13 1 2019 04 14 730 730 EN Fateme Zarei Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Zabol.Zabol, Iran Maryam Ganjali Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran Reza Nabavi Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran 2017 09 24 Background: Theileria is a protozoal parasite that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa. Theileriosis is an important tick-borne disease caused by various species of Theileria. Among these species, T. lestoquardi (T. hirci) is highly pathogenic, while other species such as T. ovis make Subclinical and mild infections in small ruminant. Therefore, the precise identification of the species and the vector ticks are very essential for epidemiological studies and the design of control programs. Methods: This research was conducted with the aim of molecular study to identify Theileria species and vectors in Zabol, eastern Iran in 2015. The presence of Theileria in 80 blood samples and vector ticks was evaluated using PCR method. Results: Of 80 blood samples, PCR analysis showed that 50 samples (62.5%) were infected with Theileria. The eval­uation of the first phase PCR with Nested PCR showed that infections with Theileria ovis and Theileria lestoquardi were 67.45% and 32.55% cases respectively. Overall, 110 ticks (78 males and 32 females) were collected and generally two genera and six spe­cies including Rhipicephalus bursa (9.1%), Rh. sanguineus (29.1%), Rh. turanicus (10.9%) Hyalomma asiati­cum asiati­cum (23.63%), Hy. excavatum (10.9%), Hy. anatolicum (16.37%) were detected. After evaluating ticks infection by PCR method, three species of Rh. turanicus, Rh. sanguineus and Hy. asiaticum asiaticum, were infected. Conclusion: Theileria ovis has a high prevalence among the sheep of zabol and Hy. asiaticum asiaticum, Rh. sanguineus and Rh. turanicus may be the main vectors of Theileria species in this area. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/730 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/730/442

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 13 1 2019 04 14 848 848 EN Majid Khanmohammadi Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Laboratory Science, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran Reza Falak Immunology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Reza Meamar Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Arshadi Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Alzahra Hospitals Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Lame Akhlaghi Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham Razmjou Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 03 29 Background: The purpose of this study was molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Wolbachia species of Dirofilaria immitis. Methods: Adult filarial nematodes were collected from the cardiovascular and pulmonary arterial systems of natural­ly infected dogs, which caught in different geographical areas of Meshkin Shahr in Ardabil Province, Iran, during 2017. Dirofilaria immitis genomic DNA were extracted.  Phylogenetic analysis for proofing of D. immitis was car­ried out using cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Afterward, the purified DNA was used to determine the molecular pattern of the Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) gene sequence by PCR. Results: Phylogeny and homology studies showed high consistency of the COI gene with the previously-registered sequences for D. immitis. Comparison of DNA sequences revealed no nucleotide variation between them. PCR showed that all of the collected parasites were infected with W. pipientis. The sequence of the WSP gene in Wolbach­ia species from D. immitis was significantly different from other species of Dirofilaria as well as other filarial spe­cies. The maximum homology was observed with the Wolbachia isolated from D. immitis. The greatest distance be­tween WSP nucleotides of Wolbachia species found between D. immitis and those isolated from Onchocerca lupi. Conclusion: PCR could be a simple but suitable method for detection of Wolbachia species. There is a pattern of host specificity between Wolbachia and Dirofilaria that can be related to ancestral evolutions. The results of this phylogenetic analysis and molecular characterization may help us for better identification of Wolbachia species and understanding of their coevolution. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/848 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/848/443

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 13 1 2018 10 12 1098 1098 Khodamorad Soofi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Narges Khanjani Research Center for Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Fatemeh Kamiabi Department of Environmental Health and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2019 04 20 Background: Despite all the efforts made to control and eliminate malaria in Iran, this disease is still considered as a priority health problem in the South East of Iran. We aimed to determine the cultural obstacles which have prevented the elimina­tion of malaria in this region. Method: This study was carried out through qualitative content analysis. Purposeful sampling was done from people who had malaria or were involved with malaria patients in 2015, in Sarbaz City, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Eastern Iran. Data were collected through interviews using open questions and continued until data saturation. Results: The most important barriers in malaria prevention was delay in visiting health centers, delay in diagnosis and treatment due to superstitious beliefs, lack of information about the disease, misdiagnosis and fake doctors. Other obstacles were lack of trust and cooperation with interventions offered by the health system, lack of proper use of the available facilities to prevent malaria and commuting in the high-risk neighbor countries. Conclusion: Raising awareness in people, officials and health workers about malaria and preventive health interven­tions as well as health risks associated with fake doctors, following up and re-examination of peripheral blood smear in suspected cases, establishing malaria control stations in border areas and specific measures to refer immigrants and people crossing the border toward malaria diagnosis stations is suggested. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1098 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1098/444

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 13 1 2019 04 22 660 660 EN Ozcan Ozkan Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey Mehmet Alcigir Department of Pathology, Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kirikkale, Turkey 2017 05 15 Background: The aim of study was to compare macroscopical and histopathological findings between venoms be-longing to two scorpion species, Androdoctonus crassicauda, and the newly discovered Leirus abdullahbayrami. Methods: The animals used in this experimental study were fifteen New Zealand bred rabbits. Three groups were constituted as group I (L. abdullahbayrami group, n= 6), group II (A. crassicauda group, n= 6) and group III (control group, n= 3). The animals in the L. abdullahbayrami group and the A. crassicauda group were envenomed through an intravenous route. The rabbits were monitored for the first 24h following the envenomation. The animals dead within that time period were examined and all animals were sacrificed and standard necropsy process was performed at 24h. Results: The pathomorphological findings from group I were found to be more severe than those observed in group II. The venom from the newly identified L. abdullahbayrami has a greater effect than the venom from the A. crassicauda. Moreover, as this was a rabbit modeling study, the L. abdullahbayrami might pose the most serious health threat to infants in particular due to their smaller body weight. Conclusion: These findings will provide a better understanding of envenomation of human beings in terms of the possible consequences of scorpion toxication on the organs. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/660 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/660/445

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 13 1 2018 10 12 1104 1104 Gaetan Billioud Department of Molecular Virology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus Christina Tryfonos Department of Molecular Virology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus Jan Richter Department of Molecular Virology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus 2019 04 27 Background: Sandfly fever is an incapacitating disease caused by sandfly-borne Phleboviruses that can lead to men­ingitis, encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. West Nile virus (WNV), a mosquito-borne Flavivirus, can induce neu­roinvasive disease manifested by meningitis, encephalitis or acute flaccid paralysis. Both vectors are endemic in Cy­prus and very ac