Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 12 4 2018 10 12 325 333 Rouhullah Dehghani Social Determinants Research Center of Health and Engineering Department of Environmental Health, Medical Science University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran Esmail Charkhloo Department of Environment Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran Nedasadat Seyyedi-Bidgoli Social Determinants Research Center of Health and Engineering Department of Environmental Health, Medical Science University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran Elahe Chimehi Social Determinants Research Center of Health and Engineering Department of Environmental Health, Medical Science University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran Maedeh Ghavami-Ghameshlo Social Determinants Research Center of Health and Engineering Department of Environmental Health, Medical Science University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran 2018 12 16 Background: Scorpions are one of the most important venomous animals in Iran. Their sting has more prevalence in the south and southwest areas. The aim of this study was to introduce their sting agent species in the country. Methods: Data were extracted by a mini review on scorpion stinging articles in Iran until early 2018 and then the sting agent species in each area were studied. Geographical and provincial distribution of each species also was provided. Results:  Twelve scorpion species are causative agents of sting. According to their deadly rate and clinical symptoms, some of them are considered the most dangerous venomous animals in Iran. Some death cases have been reported be­cause of the sting of 3 species of Hemiscorpius lepturus, H. acanthocercus and Androctonus crassicauda. Remaining species have not deadly sting but because of their frequency, they encounter the individuals and cause the stinging. Conclusion: The highest number of sting agents is in Khuzestan, however Gilan and Mazandaran have the lowest fre­quency. Because of the high prevalence of sting agent species in that province, the necessity of providing control and prevention programs is very important. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1034 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1034/426

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 12 4 2018 10 12 334 340 Soudabeh Heidari Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Mohebali Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran . AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zabihollah Zarei Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Nateghpour Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Afsaneh Motevalli-Haghi Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 11 06 Background: Rodents perform a crucial role in dispersal of zoonosis causes globally. We aimed to investigation about infection levels of parasitic agents in rodents’ population in Meshkinshahr areas, northwest of Iran from Apr to Sep 2014. Methods: Two hundred four rodents were trapped and anaesthetized. A sample of blood was collected via cardi­opuncture from each one. Thin and thick blood smears were prepared and stained with Giemsa. All stained smear were examined under light microscopy with high magnification by two expert microscopists. Every suspected uni­cellular observed were measured microscopically and compared with key references to diagnose. Results: Captured rodents were identified as three genera including Meriones persicus, Mus musculus, Cricetulus migraturius. Protozoa identified in this study were included of Spironucleus muris and Eperythrozoon coccoides, these parasites were observed in blood smear of 0.98% of rodents. S. muris and E. coccoides were seen in M. mus­culus and C. migraturius, respectively. Conclusion: The present study increases awareness about Eperythrozoonosis in rodents and its potential transmis­sion to domestic animals and even to human in rural districts in Iran. Moreover, the attack of Spironucleus on the mucus of colon and its systemic risk was confirmed. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1001 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1001/416

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 12 4 2018 10 12 341 350 Olatunji Matthew Kolawole Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria Glory Adelaiye Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria Jeremiah Ikhevha Ogah Infectious Diseases and Environmental Health Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria 2018 12 01 Background: West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne viral pathogen that is the causative agent of West Nile fever and encephalitis. Diagnostic tools for WNV infection in Nigeria are not well established hence the current prevalence rate of WNV infection in Nigeria is unknown. We aimed to establish the serological prevalence of WNV infection in febrile patients in Ilorin, Nigeria in 2016, and to assess the risk factors associated with the acquisition of the virus. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving the screening of subjects presenting with febrile illnesses. While specific IgM ELISA was used to determine the seroprevalence, a closed-ended questionnaire was used to as­certain the risk factors associated with this viral infection. Results: Fifteen (7.5%) of the respondents were positive for WNV infection. Subjects living in areas in close prox­imity to trees and bushes (P= 0.011) and stagnant water (P= 0.001) were at a higher risk of having WNV infection. Other risk factors associated with WNV among the respondents include the none use of insecticide (P= 0.001), sitting out at night (P= 0.044), HIV positivity (P= 0.003) and having an organ transplant (P= 0.002). Conclusion: This study clearly shows a considerable WNV infection in Ilorin, with the presence of factors that can promulgate an outbreak, hence a need for further surveillance in the study area. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1016 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1016/419

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 12 4 2018 10 12 351 360 Tanawat Chaiphongpachara College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand Nattapon Juijayen Bachelor of Public Health, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand Kitthisak Khlaeo Chansukh Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, College of Allied Health Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Thailand 2018 12 05 Background: Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a mosquito-borne disease and remains a major public health problem, especially in tropical and temperate countries. Studying wing morphometric of Aedes aegypti as a mosquito vector of DHF can help to better understand biological process of the mosquito adaptation to the environment. We aimed to study the geometric morphometric of Ae. aegypti from multiple geographical areas. Methods: Samples were collected from Samut Songkhram Province in Thailand, including coastal, residential and cultivated areas, by Ovitrap once per month during Oct to Nov 2016. Results: According to size variation analysis of Ae. aegypti, the female mosquito in a cultivated area was significant­ly different from those in the coastal and residential areas (P< 0.05). Whereas male Ae. aegypti in a cultivated area were significantly different from those in a residential area (P< 0.05). The shape variation of both female and male Ae. aegypti from all areas was statistically different (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Normally, living organisms, including mosquitoes, are adapted to their environment. The studied geo­graphical locations affect Ae. aegypti morphology. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1018 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1018/421

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 12 4 2018 10 12 361 369 Mahmoud Osanloo Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran Universi-ty of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fariba Esmaeili Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Amani Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran 2018 12 05 Background: In this study, larvicidal activity of clove essential oil (EO), as a green and relatively potent larvicide, was compared with its main constituent, Eugenol, against Anopheles stephensi. Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the amount of eugenol, major constituent of clove EO. In addition, larvicidal activity of clove EO and eugenol was evaluated against An. stephensi. Results: The amount of eugenol in clove EO was determined as 67% using HPLC analysis. LC50 and LC90 of clove EO (57.49 and 93.14ppm, respectively) were significantly lower than those of eugenol (86.96 and 128.18 ppm, re­spectively). Conclusion: EO showed more effective than its major component. Considering the lower cost of the essential oil and lower risk in occurrence of resistance in larvae, use of clove EO is preferred as larvicide in comparison with eugenol, against An. stephensi. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1019 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1019/423

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 12 4 2018 10 12 370 377 Onur Guntay Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Turkey Mehmet Salih Yikilmaz Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Turkey Huseyin Ozaydin Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Turkey Savas Izzetoglu Section of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, Turkey Asli Suner Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Turkey 2018 12 10 Background: Mosquitoes, being a nuisance species, are considered as one of the most important species in public health control programs due to their role as a vector in mosquito-borne diseases observed in humans and animals. We evaluated the susceptibility status of Culex pipiens collected from northern Izmir, Turkey in 2011-16. Methods: Mosquito larvae, collected from three different locations in northern İzmir, were reared in the laboratory. Adult susceptibility bioassays were performed using the WHO insecticide-impregnated papers including deltamethrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75%, α-cypermethrin 0.05% and cyfluthrin 0.15%. In addition, adult bioassays were performed after the pre-exposure to piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to determine the contribution of P450 detoxification enzymes to the phenotypic resistance. Results: In all of the three populations, high levels of resistance were observed (mortalities<63%) to all of the four pyrethroids. Different pyrethroids but with the same mode of action can exhibit significantly different phenotypic re­sistance in a single population. PBO bioassays also showed that P450 detoxification enzymes can have diverse effects on different pyrethroids. Conclusion: Using just one chemical in a class of insecticide can be misleading for resistance studies. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1026 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1026/424

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 12 4 2018 10 12 378 386 Aytekin Cikman Department of Medical Microbiology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey Merve Aydin Department of Medical Microbiology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey AND Department of Medical Microbiology, KTO Karatay University School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey Baris Gulhan Department of Medical Microbiology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey Faruk Karakecili Department of Infectious Diseases, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey Levent Demirtas Department of Internal Medicine, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey Ozan Arif Kesik Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey 2018 12 12 Background: We aimed to determine the geographical features and seroprevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi in Erzincan, Turkey, which has a high tick population due to its geographical position and climatic conditions. Methods: From January to December 2014, 368 people living in Erzincan, northeastern Turkey were enrolled. B. burgdorferi IgG antibodies were investigated in the collected serum samples using the ELISA method in 2015. Positive and borderline results were confirmed using the Western Blot (WB) method.  Results: Borrelia burgdorferi IgG positivity was found to be 4.1% by ELISA and 2.17% by WB. Of the seropositive people according to WB, 25% resided in areas within 2000m of rivers, 50% in areas with a slope of 0–5°, and 62.5% in areas with an altitude of lower than 1500 meters. Conclusion: The seroprevalence of Lyme borreliosis was high in Erzincan, particularly among people engaged in animal husbandry in rural areas. In addition, the seroprevalence of Borrelia varied according to geographical features, increasing in areas with a lower slope and altitude. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/articows, goats, sheep, lambs, turtles and also obscure hosts in Kurdistan Province, bordered with Iraq June 2012 to May 2013. Methods: The hosts were selected randomly and examined individually for tick infestation. In case of infestation, ticks were collected using forceps and then preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. All collected specimens were preserved in tubes and relative information was recorded and then identified based on morphological characteristics. Results: Totally, 1209 ticks were collected. The prevalence of ticks on cows, sheep, goats, lambs, turtles, poultry and obscure hosts was 11.33%, 55.41%, 6.53%, 5.95%, 0.9%, 8.02% and 11.82% respectively. The mean number of ticks on each animal was 1.6. Number of 5 genera, including Rhipicephalus, Argas, Ornithodoros, Hyalomma and Haem­aphysalis and 9 species; including R. sanguineus (60.05%), R. bursa (0.08), Hy. anatolicum (12.33), Hy. asiaticum (1.49), Hy. aegyptium (0.91), Hy. marginatum (0.08), Haemaphysalis parva (4.22), Hyalomma sp. (0.99), Orni­thodoros lahorensis (11.83), and Argas persicus (8.02) were identified. Conclusion: The most abundant species in this study area was Rh. sanguineus (60.05%). Due to high prevalence of tick specimens and a variety of collected species from sheep (55.41%), the vaccination of sheep and control of tick vectors are recommended. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/928 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/928/406

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 12 3 2018 07 17 262 268 EN Edson Franzim-Junior Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil Maria Tays Mendes Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil Ana Carolina Borella Marfil Anhê Instituto de Tecnologia e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil Thiago Alvares da Costa Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil Marcos Vinicius Silva Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil César Gómez Hernandez Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil Afonso Pelli Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil Helioswilton Sales-Campos Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil Carlo Jose Freire Oliveira Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil 2018 07 17 2018 07 17 Background: Meccus pallidipennis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) is only found in Mexico and is one of the most important vectors for Trypanosoma cruzi transmission there. Because data concerning the ability of this bug to adapt to different environments are scarce, we aimed to elucidate its biology, behavior and ability to acclimatize to different environ­mental conditions. Methods: From the eclosion of 90 1st instar nymphs, development was followed until the adult phase. Adults were fed after 30 days of fasting, and the average amount of blood ingested, the time between the beginning of the blood meal and the production of feces, and the frequency of stools/insect were recorded during their meals. After taking a blood meal, couples were isolated and monitored for 21 days, during which eggs were collected weekly. Results: The development of M. pallidipennis took 171.74±7.03 days to complete its life cycle, and females ingested larger amounts of blood than males. Oviposition was constant and did not demonstrate a significant decrease during this study. Conclusion: Meccus pallidipennis was able to acclimatize to fluctuating laboratorial conditions other than those naturally found in Mexico. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/942 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/942/407

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 12 3 2018 07 18 269 275 EN Seyed Ebrahim Eskandari Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy (CRTSDL), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Firooz Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy (CRTSDL), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansour Nassiri-Kashani Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy (CRTSDL), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmoud Reza Jaafari Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Amir Javadi Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy (CRTSDL), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND School of Allied Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Akram Miramin-Mohammadi Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy (CRTSDL), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein Valian-Keshavarz Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Center for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Khamesipour Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy (CRTSDL), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 07 18 2018 07 18 Background: Development of a topical treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is an important step in the im­provement of lesion management. Amphotericin B (AmB) is effective against Leishmania species but it is toxic, a Nano-liposomal form of AmB with a size of about 100nm (Lip-AmB) was developed and showed to be effective against Leishmania major, and Leishmania tropica in vitro and against L. major in vivo in animal model. This study was designed to check the irritancy Draize test in rabbits and was completed in the Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, TUMS, in 2012. Methods: Twenty rabbits in 3 steps were housed individually with artificial lighting (12/12h light/dark). SinaAm­pholeish cream or empty liposomes (prepared under GMP condition at Minoo Company, Tehran, Iran), was applied on a gauze patch and the patches were placed on the designated sites of the skin in the back of the rabbits. At 48 and 72h later, the erythema and oedema were checked, scored and recorded. Results: The erythema score in rabbits was 0.83+0.41 for the SinaAmpholeish and 0.5+0.55 for empty liposomes (P= 0.16). The average score for oedema was 0.67+0.52 for SinaAmpholeish and 0.33+0.52 for empty liposomes (P= 0.16). Conclusion: Based on skin irritancy reactions the topical formulation of SinaAmpholeish is safe and could be further checked in human trials. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/943 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/943/408

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 12 3 2018 07 25 276 285 EN K. G. Ajith Kumar Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Lakkidi, Kerala, India Reghu Ravindran Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Lakkidi, Kerala, India Joju Johns Centre for Wildlife Studies, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Lakkidi, Kerala, India George Chandy Centre for Wildlife Studies, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Lakkidi, Kerala, India Kavitha Rajagopal Department of Livestock Products Technology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Lakkidi, Kerala, India Leena Chandrasekhar Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Lakkidi, Kerala, India Ajith Jacob George Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Lakkidi, Kerala, India Srikanta Ghosh Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India 2018 07 25 2018 07 25 Background: We aimed to focus on the ixodid ticks parasitizing wild mammals and reptiles from Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Ghat, southern India. Methods: The taxonomic identification of ticks collected from wild mammals and reptiles was performed based on the morphology of adults. Results: We revealed eight species of ticks including, Amblyomma integrum, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, Haemaphysalis (Kaiseriana) spinigera, H. (K.) shimoga, H. (K.) bispinosa, H. (Rhipistoma) indica, Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides and R. sanguineus  s.l. collected from nine species of wild mammals while four tick species Ablyomma kraneveldi, A. pattoni, A. gervaisi and A. javanense parasitizing on four species of reptiles. The highest host rich­ness was shown by H. (K.) bispinosa and R. haemaphysaloides parasitizing six and five different host species, re­spectively.  Reports of R. (B.) annulatus on sambar deer, A. javanense and A. kraneveldi on python as well as A. pat­toni on Indian rat snake are the new host records from this region. Conclusion: Eight species of ticks parasitizing on nine species of wild mammals and four species of parasitizing on four species of reptiles were identified. The highest host richness was shown by H. (K.) bispinosa and R. haemaphy­saloides. H. spinigera as the vector of KFD was also identified in this study. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/948 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/948/409

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 12 3 2018 07 28 286 295 EN Suman Sundar Mohanty Desert Medicine Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), New Pali Road, Jodhpur, India Sunita Meena Department of Biotechnology, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Phool Chand Kanojia Desert Medicine Research Centre (Indian Council of Medical Research), New Pali Road, Jodhpur, India 2018 07 28 2018 07 28 Background: Transmission of malaria and dengue in the desert part of India is mainly caused by Anopheles ste­phensi and Aedes aegypti respectively. The maintenance and transmission of the pathogens that cause malaria and dengue are dependent on the physiology of the mosquito vectors. We aimed to measure the energy contents in the mosquitoes transmitting malaria and dengue in the desert part of the country. Methods: Immature stages of mosquitoes were collected from six different larval habitats situated in Jodhpur City of Rajasthan state, India. The immature stages of both the mosquitoes were collected once in fortnightly from each loca­tion. Quantitative estimations of the lipid, glucose, and glycogen of the laboratory-reared and field collected An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti were made by spectrophotometric method. The energy contents of the larvae, pupae, fe­males, and males were estimated in triplicates on six different occasions. Results: The lipid content of laboratory-reared larvae, pupae and female mosquitoes of An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti was found to be lower than their conspecific field-collected specimens. Whereas, the glycogen content in the la­boratory-reared larvae, pupae and female mosquitoes of An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti was higher than that of their conspecific field-collected specimens. The glucose content in all the stages of the laboratory-reared An. stephensi was lower than their conspecific field-collected specimens except in few cases. Conclusion: The higher amount of lipid in field-collected mosquitoes may be because of the availability of food in the natural habitat and adaptation of mosquitoe