Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 3 2 2009 12 15 1 6 EN I Ling A Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz 50300 Kuala Lunpur, Malaysia S Sulaiman Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz 50300 Kuala Lunpur, Malaysia H Othman Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz 50300 Kuala Lunpur, Malaysia 2015 10 03 Background: The efficacy of Piper aduncum essential oil was evaluated against Periplaneta americana adults and nymphs in the laboratory. Methods: The plant essential oil at varying concentrations ranging between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm were placed inside glass beakers, rolled horizontally to ensure the essential oil covers all sides of the beakers and exposed to adults and nymphs of P. americana. Resigen (R) 1ppm was used as positive control and distilled water as negative control. The LT50 and LT90 was obtained using Log Probit programme. Results: Exposure of essential oil to females P. americana at concentrations between 10,000 to 80,000 ppm indicated the LT50 and LT90 values between 5.31 h-189.19 h and 14.90 h-2105.31 h, respectively. Treatment with the same con­centrations against males P. americana ,the LT50 and LT90 were 2.08 h-181.73 h and 5.4 h-8460.51 h, respectively. Treatment against the nymphal stage with the same range of concentrations indicated the LT50 and LT 90 of 4.68 h-381.02 h and 28.71 h-5313.36 h, respectively.The nymphs and males were more susceptible than the females cock­roaches. Treatment with Resigen (R) at 1ppm indicated much lower LT 50 and LT 90 values of 2.54 h-9.47 h for the fe­males, 1.47 h-4.22 h for the males and 4.69 h-8.92 h for the nymphs.The negative control indicated no mortality for all stages of the cockroach. Conclusion: Piper aduncum essential oil can be used as an alternative natural product for controlling the cockroach Peri­patetic americana. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/48 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/48/46

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 3 2 2009 12 15 7 11 EN F Pourfallah Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran S Javadian Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Z Zamani Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran R Saghiri Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran S Sadeghi Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran B Zarea Qom Central Hospital, Qom, Iran Sh Faiaz Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran F Mirkhani Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran N Fatemi Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and zinc/ cop­per ratio in the serum of patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in Qom Province, center of Iran. Methods: Serum levels of zinc and copper were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer and serum iron concentration was measured by using an Auto Analyzer. The study group consisted of 60 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and the control group of 100 healthy volunteers from the same area who were not exposed to cutane­ous leishmaniasis. Result: There were no statistically significant differences in age and body mass index between the two groups. Se­rum Zn (P< 0.001) and Fe (P< 0.05) levels were lower in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis than the control group. We also found serum Cu concentration (P< 0.05) in the patient group was significantly higher than that of the control group. However, zinc/ copper ratio (P< 0.001) was lower in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis than in the control group. Conclusion: Our data indicated that Zn/Cu ratio was significantly lower in patients with CL as compared to the con­trols. Earlier reports suggest that, this ratio imbalance could be a useful marker for immune dysfunction in leishma­niasis. There was also strong association of Zn, Cu and Fe with CL. It suggests the use of blood zinc, copper, iron concentration and the copper/zinc ratio (Zn/Cu), as a means for estimating the prognosis of CL. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/49 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/49/47

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 3 2 2009 12 15 12 17 EN R Yilmaz Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University Tokat- Turkey M Ozcetin Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University Tokat- Turkey U Erkorkmaz Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University Tokat- Turkey S Ozer Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University Tokat- Turkey F Ekici Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University Tokat- Turkey 2015 10 03 Background: The World health Organization (WHO) declares Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fe­ver (CCHF) endemic in Turkey. Despite the magnitude of problem, no documented evi­dence exists in Turkey, which reveals the aware­ness and practices of the country's adult popula­tion regarding CCHF, its spread, symptoms, treatment, and preven­tion. This study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding CCHF in people visit­ing terti­ary care hospital in Tokat, Turkey. Methods: This questionnaire based cross-sectional survey was conducted among patients' rela­tives or guardians who ad­mitted pediatric outpatient clinics during May-July 2008. The question­naire was composed of 25 questions. Results: A total of 1034 respondents participated in the survey. Sufficient knowledge about CCHF was not found in 28.9% of the sample. Literate individuals were relatively better informed about CCHF as compared to the illiterate peo­ple. Television and radio were con­sidered as the most important and useful source of information on the disease. Conclusion: We have found insufficient knowledge on CCHF in our population. It is thought to have no chance of suc­cess against a fatal disease such as CCHF, which has serious consequences, without the contribution of commu­nity. It is clear that there are important tasks for health, agri­culture, and media sectors to improve public knowledge and awareness about CCHF. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/50 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/50/48

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 3 2 2009 12 15 18 21 EN S Rahbari Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran S Nabian Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran H Ronaghi Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Blood sucking mites are important avian ectoparasites which being found on bird species worldwide. Their presence are problematic for the producers either through potential direct effects on weight gain, egg produc­tion, sperm production in roosters or as nuisance pests on worker handle hens and eggs. The aim of this study was pointing out of the status of haematophagus mites. Methods: Eight caged layer and four breeder flocks were visited, monitoring for the presence of chicken mites per­formed by removing and examining debris from poultry house, infested nesting material collected into zip lock plas­tic bags and at least 20 birds were also randomly selected to examine the presence of chicken mites. Mites obtained from each population were mounted in Hoyer,s medium on microscope slides and identified. All eight caged layer and four breeder flocks were inspected, which were infested with chicken blood feeding mites. Results: Massive infestations of Dermanyssus gallinae were common with huge numbers of parasites on birds, cages and the conveyor belts for egg. Only one farm from Mazandaran Province was infested to Ornithonyssus bursa. Conclusion: Dermanyssus gallinae was the most prevalent blood feeder mite in the breeder and caged layer flocks in Iran, while O. bursa was reported as a first record, which found only in a breeder flock in Mazanderan Province. It seems that its presence is limited into the area which affected by both warm and humid environmental conditions. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/51 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/51/49

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 3 2 2009 12 15 22 35 EN A Absavaran Departement of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Y Rassi Departement of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran P Parvizi Department of Parasitology, Institute of Pasteur, Tehran, Iran MA Oshaghi Departement of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran MR Abaie Departement of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran S Rafizadeh Center of Disease Control, Tehran, Iran M Mohebali Department of Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Z Zarea Institute of Public Health Research, Meshkinshahr Health Research Station, Iran E Javadian Departement of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: The adult female sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the subgenus Larroussius are important vectors of Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Tripanosomatidae) in Meshkinshahr district, Northwest of Iran. Four Phle­boto­mus (Larroussius) species are present in this area, i.e. Phlebotomus (Larroussius) kandelakii, P. (La.) major, P. (La.) perfiliewi and P. (La.) tobbi. The objective of the present study was to identify and distinguish the females of P. per­filiewi, P. major and P. tobbi, in this district. Methods: Adult sand flies were collected with sticky papers, CDC light traps, and aspirator in 2006. Individual sand flies of this four species from thirty different locations were characterized morphologically and by comparative DNA se­quences analyses of a fragment of mitochondrial gene Cytochrome b (Cyt b) and nuclear gene Elongation Factor 1- al­pha (EF-1α). PCR amplification was carried out for all three species P. major, P. perfiliewi and P. tobbi in the sub­ge­nus Larroussius. Results: Phylogenetic analyses of P. major populations in this study displayed two different populations and genetic di­ver­sity. Spermathecal segment number, pharyngeal armature and other morphological characters of these three spe­cies were examined and found to present consistent interspecific differences. Conclusion: According to our findings, the phylogeny of Cyt b and EF-1α haplotypes confirms the relationships be­tween P. major, P. tobbi and P. perfiliewi as already defined by their morphological similarities. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/52 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/52/50

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 3 2 2009 12 15 36 43 EN M Abdigoudarzi Reference Laboratory for Ticks and Tick Borne Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karadj, Iran K Esmaeilnia Department of Protozoalogy, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karadj, Iran N Shariat Department of Microbiology, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karadj, Iran 2015 10 03 Background: Chemical control method using different acaricides as spray, dipping solution or pour-on is routinely used for controlling ticks. Biological control agents are favorable due to their safety for animals and environment. Entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana are well known for controlling ticks. In this study, two Iranian indigenous strains of B. bassiana (B. bassiana 5197 and B. bassiana Evin) were selected and grown on specific me­dia. The pathogenic effects of these strains were evaluated on adult stages of two Iranian Ixodidae members (H. anatolicum anatolicum Koch 1844, and H. marginatum Koch 1844) by dipping method. Methods: Two Iranian strains of Beauveria bassiana (Beauveria bassiana 5197 and Beauveria bassiana Evin) were selected and were grown successfully on specific media. The pathogenic effects of these strains were evaluated on adult stages of Iranian Ixodidae members such as, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and H. marginatum by dipping method (these ticks were grown up at laboratory conditions during 2002 up to 2003 and still it is continued) . Results: There was no effect of strain 5197 on mortality or fecundity rates for ticks. There was acute phase sign of paralysis in test group after dipping ticks in suspension made from Evin strain of B. bassiana. In addition, the test groups were totally died after four months, but the control groups survived for six months. Conclusion: High concentration of fungal spores is needed for inducing fungal infection. Additional study using different strains and fungi on Iranian ticks is proposed.  https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/53 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/53/51

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 3 2 2009 12 15 44 49 EN EB Kia School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran H Moghddas-Sani School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran H Hassanpoor School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O.Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iranllular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences. Qom, Iran Abedin Saghafipour Department of Public Health, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Hassan Vatandoost Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Environment chemical pollutants and pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mona Sharififard Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2020 09 01 2022 03 15 Background: Cockroaches are one of the most common pests in many residential areas. In this study, the simultaneous effects of fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and fenitrothion-coated baits on the mortality rate of the German cockroach nymphs were investigated. Methods: To determine the lethal level of fenitrothion insecticide, a bioassay test was performed on the last instar nymphs of the German cockroach reared at insectarium conditions. Various toxic concentrations of fenitrothion (0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9%, 1.5%, and 2%) were used. Different concentrations of M. anisopliae (1×104, 1×105, 1×106, 1×107, 1×108 Conidia/ml) were also applied to nymphs. Eventually, we combined the effective dose of fenitrothion (0.93%) with the effective concentration of M. anisopliae (6.6 ×106 Conidia/ml) to provide the fungus-coated bait to attract insects. Mortality was recorded 24–96 hours after exposure to the toxic bait. The resulting data were subjected to Probit analysis. Results: The results of applying M. anisopliae spores with fenitrothion composition showed that the mortality rate of German cockroach nymphs was significant. Therefore, the optimal dose of fenitrothion used in combination with M. anisopliae seems essential to reduce the German cockroach nymphs. Conclusion: The results of this study can be considered a suitable method as a mixture with low cost and minimal damage to the environment and other organisms. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1339 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1339/568

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 15 3 2021 09 30 325 332 Leila Hamedanian Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Salmani Nadoshan Department of Health, South Tehran Health Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hassan Vatandoost Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mojgan Baniardalani Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Javad Rafinejad Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 08 31 2022 07 03 Objective: Head lice infestation also known as a serious health problem in developing and developed countries. The prevalence of pediculosis in children and female is higher than others. The infestation may cause absence of student from school and make their parents upset. The aim of current study was to evaluate the WHO recommended insecticides for control  of  head lice in Islamshahr health center. Material & method: In the current study infested individuals was older than 6 years old and have been diagnosed with at least 3 head lice adult and 10 live nits from less than 0.7 cm scalp. The pediculicides was applied randomly among groups. Permethrin shampoo as a golden standard was used. Dimethicone lotion 4% and Ivermectin lotion was compared with it. This study was conducted on 179 infested people. Results of infestation were evaluated after one month of intervention. Different indicators such as: present of head lice adult or live nit, redness and i