Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 0 0 2026 07 21 1913 1913 Soundaramourthy Padmaja Division of Vector Biology and Control, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, India Ayyanar Elango Division of Vector Biology and Control, ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI, Medical Complex, Indira Nagar, India 2026 01 25 2026 07 19 Background: Indian tick typhus (ITT) is a type of spotted fever caused by intracellular Rickettsial pathogens, specifi­cally Rickettsia conorii subspecies indica, which exhibits unique clinical symptoms in humans compared to other spot­ted fevers. Human cases have been reported from several states based on hospital-based studies. However, research on the detection of these pathogens in ticks is limited. Methods: A tick survey was conducted in different agro-climatic regions of Tamil Nadu. A total of 3,016 ticks belong­ing to 12 species in 532 pools were tested for the presence of the groEL gene of Rickettsia conorii indica using indige­nously designed primers. Results:  Of the 532 pools tested, 44 pools (8.27 %) were positive for the groEL gene, resulting in an overall Minimum Infection Rate (MIR) of 1.50 (95% CI=1.11–1.98). The bacteria were identified in all agro-climatic regions except in the Cauvery delta region. The MIR of the screened tick species were 4.11 (95% CI=1.73–8.43) in Rhipicephalus mi­croplus, 1.34 (95% CI=0.90–1.92) in Haemaphysalis bispinosa, and 2.85 (95% CI=1.56–4.83) in Haemaphysalis inter­media.  The MIR of the ticks collected from cattle was 0.34 in cattle (95% CI=0.15–0.67), 5.50 (95% CI=3.97–7.44) in goats, and 1.37 (95% CI=0.36–3.71) in sheep. Conclusion: The present study reports that the groEL gene as preliminary marker for the detection of the ITT-causing pathogen in field-collected ticks. The positivity of the groEL gene in the salivary glands needs further experimental con­firmation. The primer needs further evaluation by comparing with MLST (Multilocus sequence typing) sequencing. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1913 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1913/728

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 0 0 2026 07 22 1966 1966 Tahereh Asgarian Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmadali Enayati Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mohammad Ali Oshaghi Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2026 06 16 2026 07 19 Background: Aedes aegypti is a major vector of numerous arboviruses, including dengue, Zika, chikungunya and yel­low fever. This study aimed to establish a standardized and practical procedure for maintaining and propagating an Ae. aegypti colony under controlled insectary conditions in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Methods: Environmental parameters were routinely monitored. Larvae were reared with an appropriate diet under a regular feeding schedule, while adult mosquitoes were provided with a sucrose solution and blood meals. The correla­tion between the duration of egg paper drying and the hatching percentage was evaluated. Hatching rates were com­pared across three media: cooled boiled water, yeast and larval food. Results: A strong negative correlation was observed between drying duration and hatching percentage, with a Pearson correlation of −0.818 (p< 0.001). Gradual drying of egg papers over a period of two days resulted in a hatching rate of over 90% without any hatching stimulant. No significant differences in hatching rates were found among the three me­dia, as indicated by F= 0.601 (p= 0.578). In a novel observation, female mosquitoes were found to deposit ap­proxi­mately 20−30% of their eggs directly on the water surface inside ovitraps under insectary conditions in Iran. Conclusion: This study provides a reliable, low‑cost model for rearing Ae. aegypti in research insectaries and facilitates future studies on vector control. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1966 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1966/729

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 0 0 2026 08 01 1956 1956 Samira Karimi Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Zoonoses Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Student’s Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ensiyeh Jamshidi Student’s Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masud Yunesian Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahyad Azari-Hamidian Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Department of Medical Parasitology, Mycology and Entomology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Behzad Norouzi Research Center of Health and Environment, School of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Morteza Pourgholami Vice-Chancellorship of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd 2Zoonoses Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2026 05 31 2026 07 23 Background: Aedes albopictus, a key vector of arboviral diseases, has already been detected in Guilan Province, Iran, and is emerging as a public health concern in the country. This study aimed to identify monthly high-risk areas of Ae. albopictus and predict its distribution in Guilan Province using ecological niche modeling under current and projected climate scenarios. Guilan Province, with its high annual influx of travellers and active maritime ports, represents a stra­tegic area for monitoring Ae. albopictus establishment. Methods: A total of 200 occurrence points were obtained from local entomological surveys and health authorities. Four MaxEnt models were developed: current baseline (bioclimatic variables + elevation); current enhanced (bioclimatic variables + elevation + LST, NDVI, NDWI and population); and two future scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, year 2030, CMIP6). Model performance was excellent, with AUC values of 0.909 and 0.908 for the baseline and enhanced models, respectively. Monthly thermal suitability maps were generated based on 2024 meteorological data using the optimal temperature range of 15–35 °C. Results: Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, risk areas expanded, and the monthly analysis indicated that nearly the entire Guilan Province exhibited suitable conditions for seven months of the year. The warm months showed the highest prob­ability of Ae. albopictus presence across the province. Conclusions: These findings provide critical insights for targeted vector surveillance and control strategies in the re­gion. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1956 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1956/730

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 0 0 2026 08 03 1952 1952 Mubarak Mubarak Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 2026 05 19 2026 07 27 Background: Dengue remains an important public health problem in tropical and subtropical settings. Aedes aegypti is a principal dengue vector and is highly adapted to domestic environments. Because repeated chemical-based control may contribute to insecticide resistance and environmental exposure, practical non-insecticide tools are needed. This study evaluated a non-insecticide multimodal trap integrating carbon dioxide, lactic acid, ultraviolet-A light and sound frequency for Ae. aegypti control. Methods: This quasi-experimental study evaluated a laboratory prototype multimodal trap. A total of 2,850 female Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were used for multimodal combination testing and commercial-trap comparison after preliminary attractant optimization. The colony was obtained from the Parasitology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Non-blood-fed females aged 3–5 days were used. Each treatment included three replications of 50 mosquitoes. Outcomes were analyzed using the General Linear Model and repeated ANOVA. Results: Lactic acid was the most effective single attractant (78.66%). The four-mode combination produced the highest mean effectiveness (91.33%), with a maximum observed value of 98%. In the enclosed-room test, the multimodal trap performed significantly better than the Mosquito Killer BG-360 and the suction-only negative control, but not sig­nifi­cantly better than the Photocatalyst Mosquito and Fly Trap. Conclusion: The non-insecticide multimodal trap showed promising laboratory effectiveness for capturing or elec­tro­cuting Ae. aegypti. Semi-field and field trials are needed to assess operational effectiveness, feasibility, electrical safety and durability. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1952 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1952/732

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 0 0 2026 08 09 1947 1947 EN Kosar Taghizadeh Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Mohsen Karami Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Firoozeh Kermani Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Hamideh Babajani-Kherdoni Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2026 05 11 2026 07 31 Background: The moth fly Clogmia albipunctata (Diptera: Psychodidae) has received little attention as a potential me­chanical vector of drug-resistant pathogens in hospital settings. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal susceptibil­ity profile of fungal isolates recovered from moth flies collected in teaching hospitals of Babol, Iran. Methods: Antifungal susceptibility profile evaluation was performed on 50 fungal isolates (including 36 filamentous fungi and 14 yeasts) collected from moth flies in teaching hospitals of Babol city, using the broth microdilution method in accordance with the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The concentrations of anti­fungal drugs ranged from 0.032 to 64 μg/mL. Geometric mean (G-mean), MIC50, and MIC90 values ​were calculated for statistical analysis. Results: Luliconazole and posaconazole exhibited the lowest MIC values against most Aspergillus isolates. Similarly, posaconazole and voriconazole displayed potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans isolates, while up to 90% of C. albicans exhibited high-level fluconazole resistance (MIC ≥ 8 µg/mL). Conclusion: Hospital-associated moth flies were found to carry pathogenic fungi with unusual antifungal resistance patterns. These findings highlight that such insects may serve as potential mechanical carriers of drug-resistant fungi. Nonetheless, monitoring synanthropic insects could be important as a complementary measure in hospital infection con­trol programs. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1947 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1947/733

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 0 0 2026 08 11 1920 1920 Munawar Hayat Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Shabab Nasir Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Farhat Jabeen Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan Salma Sultana Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan 2026 02 06 2026 07 29 Background: The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the most important vector of many viral diseases, such as dengue virus. Thus, various chemical insecticides are being used to control this vector. On the other hand, due to the intensive blind use of chemical insecticides, mosquito vectors are rapidly developing resistance against most of them. Methods: The present study was conducted during 2024–25 to explore the development of resistance in three Ae. ae­gypti strains with a previous history of insecticidal records compared with Laboratory (LAB) and Tidiwala (TDW) strains collected from localities (Tidiwala and rural barren land) with no or minimal use of insecticides. Resistance de­velopment was recorded by utilizing five commonly used insecticides against mosquitoes in Punjab, Pakistan. Results: Results showed that deltamethrin was the best during 2024 when compared with alpha-cypermethrin, temeph­os, lambda-cyhalothrin and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. All field-collected strains revealed significant resistance to the tested insecticides compared with LAB and TDW strains. The same findings were reflected in the enzyme spec­trum (glutathione-S-transferase, mixed-function oxidases, esterase, and acetylcholinesterase). Conclusion: These results may help to devise a comprehensive future strategy for mosquito control through selective insecticides by limiting the spread of resistance. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1920 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1920/734

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2h, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sorna Dabaghmanesh Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Sedigheh Kheirandish Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Mohammad Esmaeil Najafi Environmental Health Unit, Faculty of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Jalal Mohammadi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2020 06 27 Background: West Nile Virus, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes a variety of symptoms in human, from asymp­tomatic infection to neuroinvasive disease. Several studies have been conducted on the seroprevalence of WNV in­fection in dif­ferent areas from Iran. This study was performed to find the presence of antiviral antibodies in human serum among some high risk population and awareness of health care staff about symptom of the WNV infection. Methods: Study performed in five geographical districts based on high population of immigrant and do­mestic birds and prevalence of the antiviral antibodies in horses which was reported previously. Totally 150 human blood sam­ples were collected during 2018. The samples collected from patients referred to the clinics. The ELISA method used to detect IgG and IgM antibody against WNV. Logistic regression models used to analyze the effect of sex, age, keeping birds and urban/rural residence on the risk of infection. The awareness of health care staff about symp­tom of infection surveyed. Results: From all blood donors, 41 samples (27.33%) showed positive to IgG antibody. From which 56.10% were males and remaining females. None of the mentioned factors had a significant relationship. Health care staff had less attention to the infection.  Conclusions: Although the prevalence of antibodies was relatively high, due to the similarity to other viral diseases, health care staff had less attention to the disease. The study showed that people in these areas have been exposed to the virus. Further research activities are recommended for control of this arbovirus. https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/1311 https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/download/1311/497

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases 2322-1984 14 2 2020 05 03 1312 1312 Atieh Shemshadian Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Abai Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hassan Vatandoost Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Navid Dinparast-Djadid Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali Oshaghi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdolrasoul Mojahedi Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Provincial Health Center, Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran 2020 06 29 Background: During the past decade, rapid development of insecticide resistance have been reported among many spe­cies of mosquito vectors against four main categories of insecticides worldwide. The aim of the research was to assess the variation trend of susceptibility levels of Culex quinquefasciatus to two insecticides separately for the field popula­tion compared with subsequent generations of the same sample after multiple colonization. Methods: Larvae and pupae of Cx. quinquefasciatus were collected from house sewages and reared to adult which blood-fed on roosters. Ten percent sucrose fed female mosquitoes aged 2–3 days were used for susceptibility tests with DDT and deltamethrin. Susceptibility levels was assessed in the adult stage of field stran Cx. quinquefasciatus against DDT 4.0% and deltamethrin 0.05% and continued up to next six generations undergoing multiple rearing at insectary condition. Results: The susceptibility levels to DDT 4.0% did not change compared to the field with the lab population to six gen­erations. Regarding deltamethrin 0.05%, no significant difference was shown between field strain (58.3%) and 3rd gen­eration (52.7%) compared to the 6th one (33.8%). Conclusion: This findin