Seasonal Activity of Adult Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Focus of Dirofilariasis and West Nile Infection in Northern Iran
,
Abstract
Background: Mosquito-borne arboviruses such as West Nile, dengue, Rift Valley fever, and Sindbis viruses and the nematode Dirofilaria are reported in Iran, but there is little information on the seasonal activity of their vectors in the country. We aimed to determine the seasonal activity of adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a focus of diro-filariasis and West Nile infection in Guilan Province, northern Iran.
Methods: Collections were carried out using light traps in seven counties at least two times from random sites and every two weeks from a fixed site (Pareh Village, Rudbar County) during Aug–Dec 2015 and Apr–Oct 2016.
Results: Overall, 16327 adult mosquitoes comprising 18 species representing seven genera were identified. The most prevalent species were Cx. theileri (23.59%), Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (20.75%), Cx. pipiens (19.37%), Ae. vexans (18.18%), An. pseudopictus (10.92%) and An. maculipennis s.l. (5.48%). Aedes pulcritarsis and Cx. perexiguus were found for the first time in Guilan Province. The active season of adult mosquitoes extended from early May to early Oct in the fixed site. There was no significant regression between the abundance of adult mosquitoes and the meteor-ological data during active season in the fixed site (P> 0.05, R2= 0.31).
Conclusion: Though no significant regression between the abundance of mosquitoes and the meteorological data was observed during active season, temperature and rice fields had a great influence in starting and ending active season in the region.
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12. Meshkat Z, Chinikar S, Shakeri MT, Ma-navifar L, Moradi M, Mirshahabi H, Jalali T, Khakifirouz S, Shahhosseini N (2015) Prevalence of West Nile virus in Mashhad, Iran: A population-based study. Asia Pac J Trop Med. 8: 203–205.
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14. Bagheri M, Terenius O, Oshaghi MA, Mota-zakker M, Asgari S, Dabiri F, Vatandoost H, Mohammadi Bavani M, Chavshin AR (2015) West Nile virus in mosquitoes of Iranian wetlands. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 15: 750–754.
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19. Akhtardanesh B, Radfar MH, Voosough D, Darijani N (2011) Seroprevalence of ca-nine heartworm disease in Kerman, south-eastern Iran. Comp Clin Pathol. 20: 573–577.
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21. Heidari Z, Kia EB, Arzamani K, Sharifdini M, Mobedi I, Zarei Z, Kamranrashani B (2015) Morphological and molecular identification of Dirofilaria immitis from jackal (Canis aureus) in North Khorasan, northeast Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 52: 329–333.
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23. Ashrafi K, Golchai J, Geranmayeh S (2010) Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens: clini-cally suspected as cutaneous fascioliasis. Iran J Publ Health. 39: 105–109.
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26. Malmasi A, Hosseini SH, Aramoon M, Bahonar A, Seifi HA (2011) Survey of canine Dirofilaria immitis infection in Caspian provinces of Iran. Iran J Vet Res. 12: 340–344.
27. Azari-Hamidian S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Javadian E, Abai MR, Mobedi I, Linton YM, Harbach RE (2009) Distribution and ecology of mosquitoes in a focus of diro-filariasis in northwestern Iran, with the first finding of filarial larvae in naturally infected local mosquitoes. Med Vet En-tomol. 23: 111–121.
28. Azari-Hamidian S (2007) Checklist of Ira-nian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Vect Ecol. 32: 235–242.
29. Azari-Hamidian S, Harbach RE (2009) Keys to the adult females and fourth-in-star larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Dip-tera: Culicidae). Zootaxa. 2078: 1–33.
30. Oshaghi MA, Yaghobi-Ershadi MR, Shemshad Kh, Pedram M, Amani H (2008) The Anopheles superpictus com-plex: introduction of a new malaria vec-tor complex in Iran. Bull Soc Pathol Ex-ot. 101: 429–434.
31. Harbach RE (2013) The Phylogeny and Classification of Anopheles. In: Manguin S (Ed). Anopheles Mosquitoes - New In-sights into Malaria Vectors. InTech, Ri-jeka, Croatia, pp. 1–55.
32. Djadid ND, Jazayeri H, Gholizadeh S, Rad ShP, Zakeri S (2009) First record of a new member of Anopheles Hyrcanus Group from Iran: molecular identifica-tion, diagnosis, phylogeny, status of kdr resistance and Plasmodium infection. J Med Entomol. 46: 1084–1093.
33. Doosti S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Schaffner F, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Akbarzadeh K, Gooya MM, Vatandoost H, Shirzadi MR, Mostafavi E (2016) Mosquito surveil-lance and the first record of the invasive mosquito species Aedes (Stegomyia) al-bopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) in southern Iran. Iran J Publ Health. 45: 1064–1073.
34. Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Doosti S, Schaffner F, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Akbarzadeh K, Yaghoobi-Ershadi N (2017) Morpholog-ical studies on adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and first report of the potential Zika Virus vector Aedes (Stegomyia) un-ilineatus (Theobald, 1906) in Iran. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 110: 116–121.
35. Azari-Hamidian S, Norouzi B, Noorallahi A (2017) Orthopodomyia pulcripalpis (Diptera: Culicidae), a genus and species new to the Iranian mosquito fauna, with a review of bionomical information. Zootaxa. 4299: 141–145.
36. Azari-Hamidian S (2011) Larval habitat characteristics of the genus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) and a checklist of mosquitoes in Guilan Province, northern Iran. Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis. 5: 37–53.
37. Azari-Hamidian S, Joeafshani MA, Rassaei A, Mosslem M (2002) Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Gui-lan. J Med Fac Guilan Univ Med Sci. 11: 29–39 (in Persian with English abstract)
38. Azari-Hamidian S (2007) Larval habitat characteristics of mosquitoes of the ge-nus Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Guilan Province, Iran. Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis. 1: 9–20.
39. Nikookar SH, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Oshaghi MA, Vatandoost H, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Enayati AA, Motevali-Haghi F, Zia-pour SP, Fazeli-Dinan M (2015) Biodi-versity of culicid mosquitoes in rural Neka township of Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 52: 63–72.
40. Nikookar SH, Fazeli-Dinan M, Azari-Ha-midian S, Mousavinasab SN, Arabi M, Ziapour SP, Shojaee J, Enayati A (2017) Species composition and abundance of mosquito larvae in relation with their hab-itat characteristics in Mazandaran Prov-ince, northern Iran. Bull Entomol Res. 107: 598–610.
41. Zaim M, Ershadi MRY, Manouchehri AV,
Hamdi MR (1986) The use of CDC light traps and other procedures for sampling malaria vectors in southern Iran. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2: 511–515.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12 No 4 (2018) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v12i4.358 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Dirofilaria Flavivirus Flaviviridae Vectors Iran | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Azari-Hamidian S, Norouzi B, Noorallahi A, Hanafi-Bojd AA. Seasonal Activity of Adult Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Focus of Dirofilariasis and West Nile Infection in Northern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2018;12(4):398-413.
