Comparison of CDC Bottle Bioassay with WHO Standard Method for Assessment Susceptibility Level of Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi to Three Imagicides
-
Hassan Vatandoost
,
Mohammad Reza Abai
,
Morteza Akbari
,
Ahmad Raeisi
,
Hemn Yousefi
,
Soraya Sheikhi
,
Akbar Bagheri
Abstract
Background: The detection of insecticide resistance in natural populations of Anopheles vectors is absolutely necessary for malaria control. CDC bottle bioassay as a new tools has been employed for detecting the insecticide resistance. For a limit number of mosquito vectors, diagnostic doses and diagnostic times for some insecticides have already been determined using this new assay. For the first time in the area, susceptibility levels of Anopheles stephensi was done with DDT, deltamethrin, and bendiocarb using CDC bottle bioassay and compared results with WHO standard test method.
Methods: Anopheles stephensi were collected in larvae stage from the cisterns of drinking water in Chabahar port which considered as old malaria foci, Sistan and Baluchistan province. The field collected larvae were colonized at the insectary of School of Public Health (SPH), Tehran University of Medical Science. The susceptibility tests were carried out on sugar fed female mosquitoes aged 2–3 days, against DDT 4%, bendiocarb 1% and deltamethrin 0.05% using WHO and CDC susceptibility methods. The mortality and knockdown rates, as well as the parameters of regression analysis, including LT50 and LT90, was calculated separately for the WHO and CDC methods.
Results: The 24h mortality rates of An. stephensi were 28.6% and 25.6% for DDT, 60.8% and 64.6% for bendiocarb and 100% for deltamethrin using both WHO and CDC assay at 30 and 60min respectively. The 50% lethal times (LT50) were estimated 44.9 and 66.2min, 38.9 and 81.8min and 0.7 and 15.0min respectively using both WHO and CDC susceptibility tests.
Conclusion: The similar results of susceptibility levels were shown for DDT, bendiocarb and deltamethrin. The lethal times (LT50) showed significant difference using both WHO and CDC bioassay methods.
1. World Health Organization (2016) World Malaria Report 2016. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, p. 136.
2. Vatandoost H, Mesdaghinia AR, Zamani G, Madjdzadeh R, Holakouie K, Sadrizadeh B, Atta H, Beales PF (2004) Development of the regional malaria training centre in Bandar Abbas, Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 10(1–2): 215–224.
3. Soleimani-Ahmadi M, Vatandoost H, Shaeghi M, Raeisi A, Abedi F, Eshraghian MR, Madani A, Safari R, Shahi M, Mojahedi A, Poorahmad-Garbandi F (2012) Vector ecology and susceptibility in a malaria endemic focus in southern Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 18: 1034–1041.
4. Vatandoost H, Mashayekhi M, Abai M, Aflatoonian M, Hanafi-Bojd A, Sharifi I (2005) Monitoring of insecticides resistance in main malaria vectors in a malarious area of Kahnooj District, Kerman Province, southeastern Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 42 (3): 100–108.
5. Vatandoost H, Oshaghi MA, Abai MR, Shahi M, Yaghoobi F, Baghai M, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Zamani G, Townson H (2006) Bionomics of Anopheles stephensi Liston in the malarious area of Hormozgan Province, southern Iran. Acta Trop. 97(2): 196–203.
6. Hanafi-Bojd AA, Azari-Hamidian S, Vatandoost H, Charrahy Z (2011) Spatio temporal distribution of malaria vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) across different climatic zones of Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 4 (6): 498–504.
7. World Health Organization (2013) Test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosquitoes. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, p. 40.
8. Brogdon WG, Chan A (2010) Guidelines for evaluating insecticide resistance in vectors using the CDC bottle bioassay/ methods in Anopheles research. CDC Atlanta USA: CDC Technical Report. p. 28.
9. World Health Organization (2016) Test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosquitoes. 2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, p. 48.
10. Abbott WS (1965) A method of comparing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Econ Entomol. 18: 265–267.
11. Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA (2012) Indication of pyrethroid resistance in the main malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi from Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 5(9): 722–726.
12. Abai MR, Mehravaran A, Vatandoost H, Oshaghi MA, Javadian E, Mashayekhi M, Mosleminia A, Piyazak N, Edallat H, Mohtarami F, Jabbari H, Rafi F (2008) Comparative performance of imagicides on Anopheles stephensi, main malaria vector in a malarious area, southern Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 45(4): 307–312.
13. AIRS (2016) Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS 2) Task Order Six. PMI Africa In-door Residual Spraying Project (AIRS) Madagascar Entomological Monitoring Final Report July 1, 2015. USA.
14. AIRS (2015) Nigeria final entomology report. November 2014, Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project, Abt Associates Inc. USA.
15. AIRS (2013) PMI Africa IRS (AIRS) Project Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS 2) Task Order Four. AIRS Nigeria 2013 End of Spray Report. Abt Associates Inc. USA.
16. Aïzoun N, Azondekon R, Akogbéto M (2014) Importance of two tools for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors: WHO plastic cylinder tube test and CDC bottle bioassay. Int J Curr Res Biosci Plant Biol. 1(2): 32–38.
17. Fonseca-González I, Cárdenas R, Quiñones ML, McAllister J, Brogdon WG (2009) Pyrethroid and organophos-phates resistance in Anopheles (N.) nuneztovari Gabaldón populations from malaria endemic areas in Colombia. Parasitol Res. 105(5): 1399–1409.
18. Norris LC, Norris DE (2011) Insecticide resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes after the introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets in Macha, Zambia. J Vector Ecol. 36(2): 411–420.
19. Aïzoun N, Aïkpon R, Azondekon R, Gnanguenon V, Osse R, Padonou GG, Akogbéto M (2014) Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle bioassay: A real complementary method to World Health Organization (WHO) susceptibility test for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors. J Parasitol Vector Biol. 6(3): 42–47.
20. Aïzoun N, Aïkpon R, Gnanguenon V, Oussou O, Agossa F, Padonou GG, Akogbéto M (2013) Status of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato from the south and north Benin, West Africa. Parasit Vectors. 6: 274.
21. Aïzoun N, Azondekon R, Aïkpon R, Gnanguenon V, Osse R, Asidi A, Akogbéto M (2014) Study of the efficacy of a Wheaton coated bottle with permethrin and deltamethrin in laboratory conditions and a WHO impregnated paper with bendiocarb in field conditions. Asian Pac J Trop biomed. 4(6): 492–497.
22. Aïzoun N, Azondekon R, Akogbéto M (2014) Similarity between WHO susceptibility test and CDC bottle bioassay, two important tools for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 3(9): 1–7.
23. Delavari A (2016) Comparative study on susceptibility level of An. stephensi in areas under pressure of IRS and LLITNs. MSc thesis. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
24. Padonou GG, Sezonlin M, Ossé R, Aizoun N, Oké-Agbo F, Oussou O, Gbédjissi G, Akogbéto M (2012) Impact of three years of large scale Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) interventions on insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Benin. Parasit Vectors. 5: 72.
25. Gorouhi MA, Vatandoost H, Oshaghi MA, Raeisi A, Enayati AA, Mirhendi H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Abai MR, Salim-Abadi Y, Rafi F (2016) Current susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) to different imagicides in a malarious area, southeastern of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 10(4): 493–500.
26. Aïzoun N, Azondekon R, Akogbéto M (2014) Does the dynamic of insecticide resistance affect the results of susceptibility tests? Int J Curr Microbiol. App Sci. 3(10): 885–892.
27. Aïzoun N, Aïkpon R, Akogbéto M (2014) Evidence of increasing L1014F kdr mutation frequency in Anopheles gambiae s.l. pyrethroid resistant following a nationwide distribution of LLINs by the Beninese National Malaria Control Programme. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 4(3): 239–243.
28. Aïzoun N, Ossè R, Azondekon R, Alia R, Oussou O, Gnanguenon V, Aikpon R, Padonou GG, Akogbéto M (2013) Comparison of the standard WHO susceptibility tests and the CDC bottle bioassay for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors and their correlation with biochemical and molecular biology assays in Benin, West Africa. Parasit Vectors. 6: 147.
29. Aïzoun N, Aïkpon R, Padonou GG, Oussou O, Oké-Agbo F, Gnanguenon V, Ossè R, Akogbéto M (2013) Mixed-function oxidases and esterases associated with permethrin, deltamethrin and bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in the south-north transect Benin, West Africa. Parasit Vectors. 6: 223.
30. Zamora Perea E, Balta León R, Palomino Salcedo M, Brogdon WG, Devine GJ (2009) Adaptation and evaluation of the bottle assay for monitoring insecticide resistance in disease vector mosquitoes in the Peruvian Amazon. Malar J. 8: 208.
2. Vatandoost H, Mesdaghinia AR, Zamani G, Madjdzadeh R, Holakouie K, Sadrizadeh B, Atta H, Beales PF (2004) Development of the regional malaria training centre in Bandar Abbas, Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 10(1–2): 215–224.
3. Soleimani-Ahmadi M, Vatandoost H, Shaeghi M, Raeisi A, Abedi F, Eshraghian MR, Madani A, Safari R, Shahi M, Mojahedi A, Poorahmad-Garbandi F (2012) Vector ecology and susceptibility in a malaria endemic focus in southern Islamic Republic of Iran. East Mediterr Health J. 18: 1034–1041.
4. Vatandoost H, Mashayekhi M, Abai M, Aflatoonian M, Hanafi-Bojd A, Sharifi I (2005) Monitoring of insecticides resistance in main malaria vectors in a malarious area of Kahnooj District, Kerman Province, southeastern Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 42 (3): 100–108.
5. Vatandoost H, Oshaghi MA, Abai MR, Shahi M, Yaghoobi F, Baghai M, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Zamani G, Townson H (2006) Bionomics of Anopheles stephensi Liston in the malarious area of Hormozgan Province, southern Iran. Acta Trop. 97(2): 196–203.
6. Hanafi-Bojd AA, Azari-Hamidian S, Vatandoost H, Charrahy Z (2011) Spatio temporal distribution of malaria vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) across different climatic zones of Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 4 (6): 498–504.
7. World Health Organization (2013) Test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosquitoes. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, p. 40.
8. Brogdon WG, Chan A (2010) Guidelines for evaluating insecticide resistance in vectors using the CDC bottle bioassay/ methods in Anopheles research. CDC Atlanta USA: CDC Technical Report. p. 28.
9. World Health Organization (2016) Test procedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosquitoes. 2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, p. 48.
10. Abbott WS (1965) A method of comparing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Econ Entomol. 18: 265–267.
11. Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA (2012) Indication of pyrethroid resistance in the main malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi from Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 5(9): 722–726.
12. Abai MR, Mehravaran A, Vatandoost H, Oshaghi MA, Javadian E, Mashayekhi M, Mosleminia A, Piyazak N, Edallat H, Mohtarami F, Jabbari H, Rafi F (2008) Comparative performance of imagicides on Anopheles stephensi, main malaria vector in a malarious area, southern Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 45(4): 307–312.
13. AIRS (2016) Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS 2) Task Order Six. PMI Africa In-door Residual Spraying Project (AIRS) Madagascar Entomological Monitoring Final Report July 1, 2015. USA.
14. AIRS (2015) Nigeria final entomology report. November 2014, Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project, Abt Associates Inc. USA.
15. AIRS (2013) PMI Africa IRS (AIRS) Project Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS 2) Task Order Four. AIRS Nigeria 2013 End of Spray Report. Abt Associates Inc. USA.
16. Aïzoun N, Azondekon R, Akogbéto M (2014) Importance of two tools for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors: WHO plastic cylinder tube test and CDC bottle bioassay. Int J Curr Res Biosci Plant Biol. 1(2): 32–38.
17. Fonseca-González I, Cárdenas R, Quiñones ML, McAllister J, Brogdon WG (2009) Pyrethroid and organophos-phates resistance in Anopheles (N.) nuneztovari Gabaldón populations from malaria endemic areas in Colombia. Parasitol Res. 105(5): 1399–1409.
18. Norris LC, Norris DE (2011) Insecticide resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes after the introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets in Macha, Zambia. J Vector Ecol. 36(2): 411–420.
19. Aïzoun N, Aïkpon R, Azondekon R, Gnanguenon V, Osse R, Padonou GG, Akogbéto M (2014) Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) bottle bioassay: A real complementary method to World Health Organization (WHO) susceptibility test for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors. J Parasitol Vector Biol. 6(3): 42–47.
20. Aïzoun N, Aïkpon R, Gnanguenon V, Oussou O, Agossa F, Padonou GG, Akogbéto M (2013) Status of organophosphate and carbamate resistance in Anopheles gambiae sensu lato from the south and north Benin, West Africa. Parasit Vectors. 6: 274.
21. Aïzoun N, Azondekon R, Aïkpon R, Gnanguenon V, Osse R, Asidi A, Akogbéto M (2014) Study of the efficacy of a Wheaton coated bottle with permethrin and deltamethrin in laboratory conditions and a WHO impregnated paper with bendiocarb in field conditions. Asian Pac J Trop biomed. 4(6): 492–497.
22. Aïzoun N, Azondekon R, Akogbéto M (2014) Similarity between WHO susceptibility test and CDC bottle bioassay, two important tools for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 3(9): 1–7.
23. Delavari A (2016) Comparative study on susceptibility level of An. stephensi in areas under pressure of IRS and LLITNs. MSc thesis. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
24. Padonou GG, Sezonlin M, Ossé R, Aizoun N, Oké-Agbo F, Oussou O, Gbédjissi G, Akogbéto M (2012) Impact of three years of large scale Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) and Insecticide Treated Nets (ITNs) interventions on insecticide resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in Benin. Parasit Vectors. 5: 72.
25. Gorouhi MA, Vatandoost H, Oshaghi MA, Raeisi A, Enayati AA, Mirhendi H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Abai MR, Salim-Abadi Y, Rafi F (2016) Current susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi (Diptera: Culicidae) to different imagicides in a malarious area, southeastern of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 10(4): 493–500.
26. Aïzoun N, Azondekon R, Akogbéto M (2014) Does the dynamic of insecticide resistance affect the results of susceptibility tests? Int J Curr Microbiol. App Sci. 3(10): 885–892.
27. Aïzoun N, Aïkpon R, Akogbéto M (2014) Evidence of increasing L1014F kdr mutation frequency in Anopheles gambiae s.l. pyrethroid resistant following a nationwide distribution of LLINs by the Beninese National Malaria Control Programme. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 4(3): 239–243.
28. Aïzoun N, Ossè R, Azondekon R, Alia R, Oussou O, Gnanguenon V, Aikpon R, Padonou GG, Akogbéto M (2013) Comparison of the standard WHO susceptibility tests and the CDC bottle bioassay for the determination of insecticide susceptibility in malaria vectors and their correlation with biochemical and molecular biology assays in Benin, West Africa. Parasit Vectors. 6: 147.
29. Aïzoun N, Aïkpon R, Padonou GG, Oussou O, Oké-Agbo F, Gnanguenon V, Ossè R, Akogbéto M (2013) Mixed-function oxidases and esterases associated with permethrin, deltamethrin and bendiocarb resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. in the south-north transect Benin, West Africa. Parasit Vectors. 6: 223.
30. Zamora Perea E, Balta León R, Palomino Salcedo M, Brogdon WG, Devine GJ (2009) Adaptation and evaluation of the bottle assay for monitoring insecticide resistance in disease vector mosquitoes in the Peruvian Amazon. Malar J. 8: 208.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 13 No 1 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v13i1.929 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Susceptibility Insecticide WHO bioassay CDC bioassay Anopheles stephensi | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Vatandoost H, Abai MR, Akbari M, Raeisi A, Yousefi H, Sheikhi S, Bagheri A. Comparison of CDC Bottle Bioassay with WHO Standard Method for Assessment Susceptibility Level of Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi to Three Imagicides. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2018;13(1):17.
