A Study on the Identification of Five Arboviruses from Hematophagous Mosquitoes and Midges Captured in Some Parts of Northern Turkey
-
Emre Ozan
,
Harun Albayrak
,
Semra Gumusova
,
Cenk S. Bolukbas
,
Mithat Kurt
,
Gokmen Z. Pekmezci
,
Yunus E. Beyhan
,
Hamza Kadi
,
Selma Kaya
,
Ismail Aydin
,
Zafer Yazici
Abstract
Background: Whether zoonotic or not, arboviral infections are continuing to be a major threat to human health as well as the livestock industry all around the world. This project presented the results of the identification study on five arboviruses, including West Nile virus (WNV), Bovine ephemeral fever virus, Akabane virus, Bluetongue virus, and Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, in mosquitos and midges from eight provinces of the Black Sea Region.
Methods: During 2011 and 2012, 3193 mosquitoes were captured around natural streams, rivers, lakes, and ponds using dry-baited miniature light-traps. Identification studies were concluded by employing molecular methods.
Results: According to the morphological identification, blood-sucking mosquitoes and biting-midges belonged to Aedes (44.69%), Anopheles (28.34%), Culex (22.14%) and Culicoides (4.83%) species. Overall, 146 pools were made up of captured mosquitos and midges. None of the five viruses were directly identified by mosquitoes.
Conclusion: Mosquitoes and midges have got a crucial role in the transmission of arboviruses. The risk of occurrence for the investigated arboviruses will continue depending upon many factors including the presence of these viruses in Turkey and its neighboring countries, uncontrolled livestock movements, global warming and climate changes.
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2. Jupille H, Vega-Rua A, Rougeon F, Failloux AB (2014) Arboviruses: variations on an ancient theme. Future Virol. 9(8): 733–751.
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6. Karabatsos N (1985) International Catalogue of Arthropod-Borne Viruses. 3rd ed. San Antonio. Am Soc Trop Med Hyg.
7. Ergunay K, Gunay F, Oter K, Erisoz-Kasap O, Orsten S, Akkutay AZ, Erdem H, Ozkul A, Alten B (2013) Arboviral surveillance of fieldcollected mosquitoes reveals circulation of West Nile virus lineage 1 strains in eastern Thrace, Turkey. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 13(10): 744–752.
8. Wilson AJ, Mellor P (2009) Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future. Phil Trans R Soc B. 364: 2669–2681.
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13. Campbell JA, Pelham-Clinton CA (1960) A taxonomic review of the British species of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proc R Soc Edinburgh [Biol.]. 67(3): 181–302.
14. Dik B, Kurt M, Aydin I (2008) Karadeniz Bölgesi Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Türleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Bornova Vet Kont Araş Enst Derg. 30: 23–26 [In Turkish].
15. Lanciotti RS, Kerst AJ, Nasci RS, God-sey MS, Mitchell CJ, Savage HM, Komar N, Panella NA, Allen BC, Volpe KE, Davis BS, Roehrig JT (2000) Rap-id detection of West Nile virus from human clinical specimens, field-collected mosquitoes, and avian samples by a TaqMan Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Assay. J Clin Microbiol. 38(11): 4066–4071.
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17. Stram Y, Kuznetzova L, Guini M, Rogel A, Meirom R, Chai D, Yadin H, Brenner J (2004) Detection and quantitation of akabane and aino viruses by multi-plex real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR. J Virol Methods. 116(2): 147–154.
18. Wilson WC, O’Hearn ES, Tellgren-Roth C, Stallknecht DE, Mead DG, Mecham JO (2009) Detection of all eight seroytpes of Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Diagn Invest. 21(2): 220–225.
19. Aziz-Boaron O, Klausner Z, Hasoksuz M, Shenkar J, Gafni O, Gelman B, David D, Klement E (2012) Circulation of bovine ephemeral fever in the Middle East-strong evidence for transmission by winds and animal transport. Vet Microbiol. 158(3–4): 300–307.
20. Elbers ARW, Koenraadt CJM, Meiswinkel R (2015) Mosquitos and Culicoides biting midges: vector range and the influence of climate change. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz. 34(1): 123–137.
21. Ozer N, Ergünay K, Simsek F, Kaynas S, Alten B, Caglar SS, Ustacelebi S (2007) West Nile virus studies in the Sanliurfa Province of Turkey. J Vector Ecol. 32 (2): 202–206.
22. Kilpatrick AM, Kramer LD, Campbell SR, Alleyne EO, Dobson AP, Dazsak P (2005) West Nile virus risk assess-ment and the bridge vector paradigm. Emerg Infect Dis. 11(3): 425–429.
23. Walker PJ, Klement E (2015) Epidemiology and control of bovine ephemeral fever. Vet Res. 46: 124.
24. Jennings M, Mellor P (1989) Culicoides: biological vectors of Akabane virus. Vet Microbiol. 21(2): 125–131.
25. Albayrak H, Ozan E (2010) Molecular detection of avian influenza virus but not West Nile virus in wild birds in northern Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health. 57(7–8): e71–e75.
26. Yazici Z, Albayrak H, Ozan E, Gumusova S (2012) The first investigation of West Nile Virus in horses using real time RT-PCR in Middle Black Sea Region. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 6(2): 151–155.
27. Albayrak H, Ozan E (2010) Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde Ruminant ve Tek Tırnaklılarda Kan Emici Sineklerle Nakledilen Bazı Arboviral Enfeksiyonların Seroprevalansı. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 16(1): 33–36.
28. Albayrak H, Ozan E (2013) Seroepidemiological study of West Nile virus and Rift Valley fever virus in some of mammalian species (Herbivores) in northern Turkey. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 7: 90–93.
29. Ertürk A, Tatar N, Kabakli O, Incoglu S, Cizme SG, Barut FM (2004) The current sitiuation of blutongue virus in Turkey. Vet Italia. 40(3): 137–140.
30. Gumusova SO, Yazici Z, Albayrak H (2006) Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde koyunlarda Mavidil Virus Enfeksiyonunun Serolojik Olarak İncelenmesi. Vet Hek Mikrob Derg. 6(1–2): 9–11.
31. Oguzoglu TC, Erturk A, Cizmeci SG, Koc BT, Akca Y (2015) A report on bovine ephemeral fever virus in Turkey: antigenic variations of different strains of EFV in the 1985 and 2012 outbreaks using partial glycoprotein gene sequences transbound. Emerg Dis. 62(5): e66–e70.
32. Tonbak S, Berber E, Yoruk MD, Azkur AK, Pestil Z, Bulut H (2013) A largescale outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever in Turkey, 2012. J Vet Med Sci. 75 (11): 1511–1514.
2. Jupille H, Vega-Rua A, Rougeon F, Failloux AB (2014) Arboviruses: variations on an ancient theme. Future Virol. 9(8): 733–751.
3. Adams MJ, Lefkowitz EJ, King AMQ, Harrach B, Harrison RL, Knowles NJ, Kropinski AM, Krupovic M, Kuhn JH, Mushegian AR, Nibert M, Sabanadzovic S, Sanfaçon H, Siddell SG, Simmonds P, Varsani A, Zerbini FM, Gorbalenya AE, Davison AJ (2017) Changes to taxonomy and the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Vi-ruses (2017). Arch Virol. 162 (8): 2505–2538.
4. Alatoom A, Payne D (2009) An overview of arboviruses and bunyaviruses. Lab Med. 40(4): 237–240.
5. Adelman ZN, Miller DM, Myles KM (2013) Bed bugs and infectious dis-ease: a case for the arboviruses. PLoS Pathog. 2013: e1003462.
6. Karabatsos N (1985) International Catalogue of Arthropod-Borne Viruses. 3rd ed. San Antonio. Am Soc Trop Med Hyg.
7. Ergunay K, Gunay F, Oter K, Erisoz-Kasap O, Orsten S, Akkutay AZ, Erdem H, Ozkul A, Alten B (2013) Arboviral surveillance of fieldcollected mosquitoes reveals circulation of West Nile virus lineage 1 strains in eastern Thrace, Turkey. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 13(10): 744–752.
8. Wilson AJ, Mellor P (2009) Bluetongue in Europe: past, present and future. Phil Trans R Soc B. 364: 2669–2681.
9. Ozkul A, Yildirim Y, Pinar D, Akcali A, Yilmaz V, Colak D (2006) Serological evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) in mammalian species in Turkey. Epidemiol Infect. 134(4): 826–829.
10. Burgu I, Urman HK, Akca Y, Yonguc AD, Mellor PS, Hamblin C (1992) Serologic survey and vector surveillance for bluetongue in southern Turkey. In: Bluetongue, African Horse Sickness and Related Orbivirusus. TE Walton, BI Osburn (Eds), CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, Flo. pp. 168–174.
11. Temizel EM, Yesilbağ K, Senturk S, Maan SA, Mertens-Clement PP, Batmaz H (2009) Epizootic hemorrhagic disease in cattle, western Turkey. Emerg Infect Dis. 15(2): 317–319.
12. Yildirim Y, Gokce G, Kirmizigul AH, Erkilic EE, Yilmaz V, Tan MT, Ozgunluk I (2015) Molecular and serological investigation of Akabane virus infection in cattle in Kars-Turkey. Isr J Vet Med. 70(3): 52–57.
13. Campbell JA, Pelham-Clinton CA (1960) A taxonomic review of the British species of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Proc R Soc Edinburgh [Biol.]. 67(3): 181–302.
14. Dik B, Kurt M, Aydin I (2008) Karadeniz Bölgesi Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Türleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Bornova Vet Kont Araş Enst Derg. 30: 23–26 [In Turkish].
15. Lanciotti RS, Kerst AJ, Nasci RS, God-sey MS, Mitchell CJ, Savage HM, Komar N, Panella NA, Allen BC, Volpe KE, Davis BS, Roehrig JT (2000) Rap-id detection of West Nile virus from human clinical specimens, field-collected mosquitoes, and avian samples by a TaqMan Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Assay. J Clin Microbiol. 38(11): 4066–4071.
16. Shaw AE, Monaghan P, Alpar HO, Anthony S, Darpel KE, Batten CA, Guer-cio A, Alimena G, Vitale M, Bankow-ska K, Carpenter S, Jones H, Oura CA, King DP, Elliott H, Mellor PS, Mertens PP (2007) Development and initial evaluation of a real-time RT-PCR assay to detect blue tongue virus genome segment 1. J Virol Methods. 145(2): 115–126.
17. Stram Y, Kuznetzova L, Guini M, Rogel A, Meirom R, Chai D, Yadin H, Brenner J (2004) Detection and quantitation of akabane and aino viruses by multi-plex real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR. J Virol Methods. 116(2): 147–154.
18. Wilson WC, O’Hearn ES, Tellgren-Roth C, Stallknecht DE, Mead DG, Mecham JO (2009) Detection of all eight seroytpes of Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. J Vet Diagn Invest. 21(2): 220–225.
19. Aziz-Boaron O, Klausner Z, Hasoksuz M, Shenkar J, Gafni O, Gelman B, David D, Klement E (2012) Circulation of bovine ephemeral fever in the Middle East-strong evidence for transmission by winds and animal transport. Vet Microbiol. 158(3–4): 300–307.
20. Elbers ARW, Koenraadt CJM, Meiswinkel R (2015) Mosquitos and Culicoides biting midges: vector range and the influence of climate change. Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz. 34(1): 123–137.
21. Ozer N, Ergünay K, Simsek F, Kaynas S, Alten B, Caglar SS, Ustacelebi S (2007) West Nile virus studies in the Sanliurfa Province of Turkey. J Vector Ecol. 32 (2): 202–206.
22. Kilpatrick AM, Kramer LD, Campbell SR, Alleyne EO, Dobson AP, Dazsak P (2005) West Nile virus risk assess-ment and the bridge vector paradigm. Emerg Infect Dis. 11(3): 425–429.
23. Walker PJ, Klement E (2015) Epidemiology and control of bovine ephemeral fever. Vet Res. 46: 124.
24. Jennings M, Mellor P (1989) Culicoides: biological vectors of Akabane virus. Vet Microbiol. 21(2): 125–131.
25. Albayrak H, Ozan E (2010) Molecular detection of avian influenza virus but not West Nile virus in wild birds in northern Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health. 57(7–8): e71–e75.
26. Yazici Z, Albayrak H, Ozan E, Gumusova S (2012) The first investigation of West Nile Virus in horses using real time RT-PCR in Middle Black Sea Region. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 6(2): 151–155.
27. Albayrak H, Ozan E (2010) Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde Ruminant ve Tek Tırnaklılarda Kan Emici Sineklerle Nakledilen Bazı Arboviral Enfeksiyonların Seroprevalansı. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 16(1): 33–36.
28. Albayrak H, Ozan E (2013) Seroepidemiological study of West Nile virus and Rift Valley fever virus in some of mammalian species (Herbivores) in northern Turkey. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 7: 90–93.
29. Ertürk A, Tatar N, Kabakli O, Incoglu S, Cizme SG, Barut FM (2004) The current sitiuation of blutongue virus in Turkey. Vet Italia. 40(3): 137–140.
30. Gumusova SO, Yazici Z, Albayrak H (2006) Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde koyunlarda Mavidil Virus Enfeksiyonunun Serolojik Olarak İncelenmesi. Vet Hek Mikrob Derg. 6(1–2): 9–11.
31. Oguzoglu TC, Erturk A, Cizmeci SG, Koc BT, Akca Y (2015) A report on bovine ephemeral fever virus in Turkey: antigenic variations of different strains of EFV in the 1985 and 2012 outbreaks using partial glycoprotein gene sequences transbound. Emerg Dis. 62(5): e66–e70.
32. Tonbak S, Berber E, Yoruk MD, Azkur AK, Pestil Z, Bulut H (2013) A largescale outbreak of bovine ephemeral fever in Turkey, 2012. J Vet Med Sci. 75 (11): 1511–1514.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 13 No 2 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v13i2.1249 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Mosquito Midge Identification Real-time RT-PCR Arbovirus | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Ozan E, Albayrak H, Gumusova S, Bolukbas CS, Kurt M, Pekmezci GZ, Beyhan YE, Kadi H, Kaya S, Aydin I, Yazici Z. A Study on the Identification of Five Arboviruses from Hematophagous Mosquitoes and Midges Captured in Some Parts of Northern Turkey. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2018;13(2):224-233.
