The Fauna and Ecology of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Western Iran
,
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to obtain new data which would be valuable to develop programs for future planning of mosquito controls in in western Iran.Methods: Larvae and adult collections were carried out from different habitats using standard dipping and animal baited trap methods during May, June and July 2012 in two provinces (Kurdistan and Kermanshah) in the west of Iran. Characteristics of breeding places were studied based on the habitat type (River edge, Ground pool), water conditions (clear or turbid, stagnant or running), vegetation (With or without vegetation), water temperature, sunlight exposure (full or partial sunlight) and so on.
Results: Overall, 4081 third- and fourth-instars larvae and 2013 Adult were collected. Five genera and eleven species of the family Culicidae were identified. Mosquitoes collected in larval and adult stages including, Anopheles maculipennis s.l. (4.1%, 4.42%), An. superpictus (1.35%,1.39%), An. turkhudi (1.75%,1.68%), Aedes vexans (2.5%,
8.78%), Culex hortensis (1.59%, 1.04%), Cx. mimeticus (5%, 2.38%), Cx. pipiens (16.5%, 8.15%), Cx. theileri (10%, 46.4%), Culiseta longiareolata (24%, 4.27%), and Cs. subochrea (24%, 4.27%) and Ochlerotatus caspius s.l. (9.1%, 21.46%). Culiseta longiareolata and Cs. subochrea found predominant species in larval collection, whereas Culex theileri was dominant in Adult collection. Anopheles turkhudi is reported for the first time in Kermanshah Province.
Conclusion: Due to the geographical location of the two provinces, extensively studies with emphasis on mosquito ecology, to having comprehensive and up to date information is essential.
Abai MR, Azari-Hamidian S, Ladonni H, Ha- kimi M, Mashhadi-Esmail K, Sheikh- zadeh K, Kousha A, Vatandoost H (2007) Fauna and Checklist of Mos- quitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of East Azerbaijan Province, Northwestern Iran. Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis. 1:27–33.
Ahmadnejad F, Otarod V, Fallah MH, Lowenski S, Sedighi- Moghaddam R, Zavareh A, Durand B, Lecollinet S, Sabatier P (2011) Spread of West Nile virus in Iran: a crosssectional serosurvey in equines, 2008–2009. Epidemiol In- fect. 139: 1587–1593.
Aldemir A, Demirci B, Kirpik MA, Alten B, Baysal A (2009) Species composition and seasonal dynamics of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iğdir Plain, Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 15: 103–110.
Alkan SS, Aldemir A (2010) Seasonal dy- namics of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culi- cidae) in animal barns and houses in Aras Valley, Turkey. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 16: 43–48.
Azari-Hamidian S (2007) Checklist of Ira- nian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Vect Ecol. 32: 235–242.
Azari-Hamidian S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR,Javadian E, Mobedi I, Abai MR (2007) Review of dirofilariasis in Iran. J Med Fac Guilan Univ. Med Sci. 15(60):102–113 [In Persian].
Azari-Hamidian S, Harbach RE (2009) Keys to the adult females and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Dip- tera: Culicidae). Zootaxa. 2078: 1–33.
Azari-Hamidian S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Javadian E, Abai MR, Mobedi I, Lin- ton YM, Harbach RE (2009) Distribu- tion and ecology of mosquitoes in a focus of dirofilariasis in northwestern Iran, with the first finding of filarial larvae in naturally infected local mos- quitoes. Med VetEntomol. 23: 111–121.
Banafshi O, Abai MR, Ladoni H, Bakshi H, Karami H, Azari-Hamidian S (2013) The fauna and ecology of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in western Iran. Turk J Zool. 37:298–307.
Harbach RE (1988) The mosquitoes of the subgenus Culex in southwestern Asia and Egypt (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib Am Entomol Inst. 24(1): 1–240.
Harbach RE (2013) Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory. Available at: http://mosquito- taxonomic-inventory (accessed 8 Jan 2013)
Horsfall WR (1955) Mosquitoes. Their Bio- nomics and Relation to Disease. Hafner Publishing, New York.
Ghavami MB, Ladonni H (2005) The fauna and frequency of different mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Zanjan Province, 2002–2003. J Zanjan Univ Med Sci Health Serv. 13(53): 46–54.
Khoshdel-Nezamiha F, Vatandoost H, Azari- Hamidian S, Mohammadi-Bavani M, Dabiri F, Entezar-Mahdi R, Chavshin AR (2014) Fauna and Larval Habitats of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of West Azerbaijan Province, Northwest- ern Iran. J Arthropod-Borne Dis (in press).
Lotfi MD (1973) Iranian species of genus Culex. II. Report of four species of larvae and 14 adult species. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 66: 204–207.
Macan TT (1950) Anopheles and Malaria in the Near East Part III. The Anopheline Mosquitoes of Iraq and North Persia. London School of Hygiene and Tropi- cal Medicine Research Memoir No. 7, HK Lewis and Co Ltd, London.
Manouchehri AV, Javadian E, Eshighy N, Motabar M (1976) Ecology of Anoph- eles stephensi Liston in southern Iran. Trop Geogr Med. 28: 228–232.
Mehravaran A, Oshaghi MA, Vatandoost H, Abai MR, Ebrahimzadeh A, Roodi AM Grouhi A (2011) First report on Anopheles fluviatilis U in southeastern Iran. Acta Trop. 117: 76–81.
Mousa-Kazemi SH, Zaim M, Zahraii A (2000) Fauna and ecology of Culicidae of the Zarrin-Shahr and Mobarakeh area in Isfahan Province. Armaghan Danesh, Yasuj Univ Med Sci. 5: 46–54 (In Persian with English abstract).
Moosa-Kazemi SH, Karimian F, Davari B (2010) Culicinae mosquitoes in Sanandaj County, Kurdistan Province, western Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 47: 103–107.
Naficy K, Saidi S (1970) Serological survey on viral antibodies in Iran. Trop Geo Med. 22(2): 183–188.
Naddaf SR, Razavi MR, Bahrami G (2010) Molecular variation and distribution of Anopheles fluviatilis (Diptera: Culicidae) complex in Iran. Korean J Parasitol.48: 231–236.
Naddaf SR, Oshaghi MA, Vatandoost H (2012) Confirmation of Two Sibling Species among Anopheles fluviatilis Mosquitoes in South and Southeastern Iran by Analysis of Cytochrome oxi- dase I gene. J Arthropod Borne Dis.6(2): 144–150.
Oshaghi MA, Yaghobi-Ershadi MR, Shemshad Kh, Pedram M, Amani H (2008) The Anopheles superpictus complex: introduction of a new malaria vector complex in Iran. Bull Soc Pathol Exot.101: 429–434.
Reinert JF (2009) List of abbreviations for currently valid generic level taxa in family Culicidae (Diptera). Eur Mosq Bull. 27: 68–76.
Saebi ME (1987) Morphological study on anopheline larvae and their distribution in Iran [PhD dissertation]. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Saghafipour A, Abai MR, Farzinnia B, Nafar R, Ladonni H, Azari-Hamidian S (2012) Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Fauna of Qom Province, Iran. J Ar- thropod-Borne Dis. 6(1): 54–61.
Sedaghat MM, Linton YM, Oshaghi MA,Vatandoost H, Harbach RE (2003) The Anopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in Iran: molecular characterization and recognition of a new species. Bull Entomol Res. 93(6):527–537.
Shahgudian ER (1960) A key to anophelines of Iran. Acta Med Iran. 3: 38–48.
Simsek FM (2004) Seasonal larval and adult population dynamics and breeding habitat diversity of Culex theileri The- obald, 1903 (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Golbasi District, Ankara, Turkey. Turk J Zoo. 28(4): 337–344.
Vahabi A (2001) Fauna and distribution of Anophelinae (Diptera: Culicidae) mos- quitoes of Kordestan Province in 2001. J Kordestan Univ Med Sci. 6(21): 36–39. (In Persian with English abstract).
Vejdani M (2012) New success for controlling Malaria in Kermanshah province in West of Iran. The first International Congress on Malaria Elimination, 25–27 January 2012, Hormozgan Univer- sity of Medical Sciences, Kish Island, Hormozgan, Iran, pp.72–73.
Zaim M, Cranston PS (1986) Checklist and keys to the Culicinae of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosq Syst. 18: 233–245.
Zaim M (1987) The distribution and larval habitat characteristics of Iranian Culi- cinae. J Am Mosq Contr Assoc. 3:568–573.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9 No 1 (2015) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| Keywords | ||
| Culicidae Larval habitat Fauna Iran | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
