Scorpions and Scorpionism in Roudan County, Southern Iran
-
Mehran Shahi
,
Reza Habibi-Masour
,
Mehrdad Salehi
,
Mehdi Ghasemi-Nang
,
Emadaddin Rafizad
,
Madineh Abbasi
,
Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
Abstract
Background: Every year, thousands of cases and many deaths from scorpion sting are reported in tropical areas of South and Southwestern parts of Iran. The aim of this study was to identify the fauna and dangerous species of scorpions in Roudan County, southern Iran.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 10 stations in Hormozgan Province. Scorpion sampling was done randomly by searching for their shelter and digging out their nests during day, and with the use of UV light during night from February 2013 to October 2014. Data of scorpion stings were obtained from health center of Hormozgan Province during 2014–2016.
Results: Overall, 155 scorpions were collected on a set of eight species belonging to Buthidae and Hemiscorpiidae families. These species were identified as Mesobuthus persicus, Mesobuthus phillipsi, Hottentotta schach, Odontobuthus doriae, Compsobuthus persicus, Orthochirus farzanpayi, Androctonus crassicauda and Hemiscorpius acanthocercus. One thousand and twenty-seven cases of scorpion sting were recorded during 2014–2016 with a peak period in summer. Most of cases were <44yr old. Five out of six medically important scorpions in Iran were actively identified in the study area.
Conclusion: Results of this study would greatly help to identify risk factors of scorpion sting in high-risk areas for planning, management and treatment of patients with scorpion sting in these areas.
1. Dehghani R, Kassiri H (2018) A checklist of scorpions in Iran (by 2017). Asian J Pharm. 12(3): S880–887.
2. Dehghani R, Kamiabi F, Mohammadi M (2018) Scorpionism by Hemiscorpius spp. in Iran: a review. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 24(1): 8.
3. Karami K, Vazirianzadeh B, Mshhadi E, Hossienzadeh M, Moravej A (2013) A five year epidemiologic study on scorpion stings in Ramhormoz, South-West of Iran. Pakistan J Zool. 45(2): 469–474.
4. Akbari A, Tabatabaei M, Modir Roosta H, Alizadeh M, Kamalzare M (1996) Study of the geographical distribution of scor-pion in the south of Iran. J Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi. 34: 112–115.
5. Shahi M, Rafinejad J, Az-Khosravi L, Moosavy SH (2015) First report of death due to Hemiscorpius acanthocercus envenomation in Iran: Case report. Electron Physician. 7: 1234–1238.
6. Moosavy SH, Shahi M, Rafinejad J, Zare S, Madani A, Navidpour S (2016) Epidemiological aspect of scorpion sting in Bandar Abbas, Iran, during 2009–2011. Electron Physician. 8(4): 2286–2290.
7. Zargan J, Tirgari S, Tahernejad K, Lotfi H, Farahmandzad A (2009) Identify the spe¬cies of scorpions in the islands of the Persian Gulf (Abu Musa, Tunb Greater, Tunb Small and Henjam). Iranian South Med J. 6(1): 20–24.
8. Shahi M, Azizi K, Ansarian N (2009) Study on scorpion fauna in endanger area of Hormozgan Province, 2006–2007. J Hormozgan Univ Med Sci. 12(4): 207–214.
9. Zarei A, Rafinejad J, Shemshad K, Khaghani R (2009) Faunistic study and bio-diversity of scorpions in Qeshm Island (Persian Gulf). Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis. 3(1): 46–52.
10. Fekri S, Badzohreh A, Safari R, Azizi K (2012) Species identification and geographic distribution of scorpions in Jask County, Hormozgan Province. J Hormozgan Univ Med Sci. 16(2): 135–142.
11. Navidpour S, Soleglad ME, Fet V, Kovarik F (2013) Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part IX. Hormozgan Province, with a description of Odon-tobuthus tavighiae sp. n. (Buthidae). Euscor¬pius. 170: 1–29.
12. Shahi M, Moosavy SH, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Navidpour S, Zare S, Madani A, Raf-inejad J (2016) Spatial distribution of scorpion sting in a high-risk area of Southern Iran. J Med Entomol. 53(5): 1198–1204.
13. Radmanesh M (1990) Clinical study of Hemiscorpius lepturus in Iran. J Trop Med Hyg. 93(5): 327–332.
14. Dehghani R, Valaei N (2005) Scorpion sting in Iran: Review of the literature. Feyz J. 33(9): 66–84.
15. Zare Mirakabadi A, Mahmoodi Kha-toonabadi S, Teimoorzadeh S (2011) Antivenom injection time related effects of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion envenomation in rabbits. Arch Razi Instit. 66 (2): 139–145.
16. Rahmani A, Jalali A (2012) Symptom pat-terns in adult patients stung by scorpions with emphasis on coagulopathy and hemoglubinuria. J Venom Anim Toxin Incl Trop Dis. 18 (4): 427–431.
17. Seyedian R, Jalali A, Babaee M, Pipelza-deh M, Rezaee S (2012) A biodistribution study of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom and available polyclonal antivenom in rats. J Venom Anim Toxin Incl Trop Dis. 18(4): 375–383.
18. Mohseni A, Vazirianzadeh B, Hossien-zadeh M, Salehcheh M, Moradi A, Moravvej SA (2013) The roles of some scorpions, Hemiscor¬pius lepturus and Androctonus crassicauda, in a scorpionism focus in Ramhormorz. Southwestern Iran J Insect Sci. 13(89): 1–12.
19. Monod L, Lourenco WR (2005) Hemiscor¬piidae (Scorpiones) from Iran, with de¬scriptions of two new species and notes on biogeography and phylogenetic re¬la¬tionships. Rev Suisse Zool. 112(4): 869–941.
20. Azizi K, Trgari S, Rashti S (1998) Faun-stic study of scorpions in Shiraz and in-vestigation on their fecundity. Arma-ghan-e-Danesh J. 10–9(3): 23–32.
21. Azizi K, Shahraki G, SM O (2001) Deter-mination of the fauna and sex ratio of scorpions from villages and suburbs of Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Province in 2000. Armaghan-e-Danesh J. 22(6): 6–13.
22. Dehghani R, Moabed S, Kamyabi F, Hagh¬doost A, Mashayekhi M, Soltani H (2008) Scorpions fauna of Kerman Province of Iran. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 2(15): 172–181.
23. Nejati J, Mozafari E, Saghafipour A, Ki-yani M (2014) Scorpion fauna and epi-demiological aspects of scorpionism in southeastern Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Bi-omed. 4(Suppl1): 217–221.
24. Mirshamsi O, Sari A, Hosseinie S (2011) History of study and checklist of the scorpion fauna (Arachnida: Scorpiones) of Iran. Biol Sci. 1(2): 16–28.
25. Mozafari E, Sedaghat MM, Sanei-Dehkordi A, Akbarzadeh K (2013) Biodiversity and species composition of scorpions (Arach¬nida, Scorpiones) in Ilam County, Iran. J Appl Sci Res. 9(9): 5412–5418.
26. Navidpour S (2015) An annotated check-list of scorpions in south and south¬west-ern parts of Iran. Int J Fauna Biol Stud. 2(3): 9–15.
27. Dehghani R, Khamehchian T, Miranzadeh MM (2008) Surveying on the biologic be¬haviors of Hemiscorpius lepturus Peters 1861, scorpion in laboratory (Khuzestan, Iran) (Scorpions: Hemiscorpiidae). Pak J Biol Sci. 10(18): 3097–3102.
28. Motevali-Haghi F, Tirgari S, Changani F, Mohammadpur R (2004) Study of scor-pion fauna in mountainouse area of Ma-zandaran Province. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 43: 92–95.
29. Navidpour S (2012) A review study on Hottentotta Birula, 1908, (Scorpionida: Buthidae) species collected from Iran. Arch Razi Inst. 67(2): 93–100.
30. Emam SJ, Khosravi AD, Alemohammad A (2008) Evaluation of hematological and urine parameters in Hemiscorpius lep¬turus (Gadim) victims referred to Razi hospi¬tal, Ahvaz, Iran. J Med Sci. 8(3): 306–309.
31. Rafizadeh S, Rafinejad J, Rassi Y (2013) Epidemiology of scorpionism in Iran dur¬ing 2009. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 7(1): 66–70.
32. Kassiri H, Mohammadzadeh Mahijan N, Hasanvand Z, Shemshad M, Shemshad K (2012) Epidemiological survey on scor¬pion sting envenomation in South-West, Iran. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 14(8): 80–83.
33. Jahan S, Mohammed Al Saigul A, Abdul Rahim Hamed S (2007) Scorpion stings in Qassim, Saudi Arabia-A 5-year sur-veil¬lance report. Toxicon. 50: 302–305.
34. Bosnak M, Ece A, Yolbas I, Bosnak V, Kaplan M, Gurkan F (2009) Scorpion sting envenomation in children in southeast Turkey. Wilderness Environ Med. 20(2): 118–124.
35. Soren C, Nageswara Rao K (2016) Clin-ical profile of scorpion sting enven-omation in children. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 3(3): 865–867.
36. Shahbazzadeh D, Amirkhani A, Djadid ND, Bigdeli S, Akbari A, Ahari H, Amini H, Dehghani R (2009) An epidemiological and clinical survey of scorpionism in Khuzestan Province, Iran. Toxicon. 53(4): 454–459.
37. Vazirianzadeh B, Haji Hosein R, Amiri B, Molaii SM, Bagheri S (2010) Epidemiological study on scorpionism in the Aboozar and Razi hospitals of Ahvaz, SW Iran, 2nd half of 2006. Sci Res Health Sci. 2(2): 16–25.
38. Kassiri H, Kasiri N, Dianat A (2015) Species composition, sex ratio, geographical distribution, seasonal and monthly activity of scorpions and epidemiological fea-tures of scorpionism in Zarrin-dasht Coun¬ty, Fars Province, Southern Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 5(2): 99–103.
39. Maghsoodi N, Vazirianzadeh B, Salahshoor A (2015) Scorpion sting in Izeh, Iran: An epidemiological study during 2009–2011. J Basic Appl Sci. 11: 403–409.
40. Al-Sadoon M, Jarrar B (2003) Epidemi¬o-logical study of scorpion stings in Saudi Arabia between 1993 and 1997. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 9: 54–64.
41. Jarrar B, Al-Rowaily M (2008) Epidemiological aspects of scorpion stings in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia. Annls Saudi Med. 28: 183–187.
42. Dehghani R, Valaei N (2010) The review of Iranian traditional medicine vision on scorpion and scorpion sting. Res Med J Beheshti Univ Med Sci. 33: 269–279.
43. Vazirianzadeh B, Farhadpour F, Hosseinzadeh M, Zarean M, Moravvej S (2012) An epidemiological and clinical study on scorpionism in hospitalized children in Khuzestan, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 6(1): 62–69.
2. Dehghani R, Kamiabi F, Mohammadi M (2018) Scorpionism by Hemiscorpius spp. in Iran: a review. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 24(1): 8.
3. Karami K, Vazirianzadeh B, Mshhadi E, Hossienzadeh M, Moravej A (2013) A five year epidemiologic study on scorpion stings in Ramhormoz, South-West of Iran. Pakistan J Zool. 45(2): 469–474.
4. Akbari A, Tabatabaei M, Modir Roosta H, Alizadeh M, Kamalzare M (1996) Study of the geographical distribution of scor-pion in the south of Iran. J Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi. 34: 112–115.
5. Shahi M, Rafinejad J, Az-Khosravi L, Moosavy SH (2015) First report of death due to Hemiscorpius acanthocercus envenomation in Iran: Case report. Electron Physician. 7: 1234–1238.
6. Moosavy SH, Shahi M, Rafinejad J, Zare S, Madani A, Navidpour S (2016) Epidemiological aspect of scorpion sting in Bandar Abbas, Iran, during 2009–2011. Electron Physician. 8(4): 2286–2290.
7. Zargan J, Tirgari S, Tahernejad K, Lotfi H, Farahmandzad A (2009) Identify the spe¬cies of scorpions in the islands of the Persian Gulf (Abu Musa, Tunb Greater, Tunb Small and Henjam). Iranian South Med J. 6(1): 20–24.
8. Shahi M, Azizi K, Ansarian N (2009) Study on scorpion fauna in endanger area of Hormozgan Province, 2006–2007. J Hormozgan Univ Med Sci. 12(4): 207–214.
9. Zarei A, Rafinejad J, Shemshad K, Khaghani R (2009) Faunistic study and bio-diversity of scorpions in Qeshm Island (Persian Gulf). Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis. 3(1): 46–52.
10. Fekri S, Badzohreh A, Safari R, Azizi K (2012) Species identification and geographic distribution of scorpions in Jask County, Hormozgan Province. J Hormozgan Univ Med Sci. 16(2): 135–142.
11. Navidpour S, Soleglad ME, Fet V, Kovarik F (2013) Scorpions of Iran (Arachnida, Scorpiones). Part IX. Hormozgan Province, with a description of Odon-tobuthus tavighiae sp. n. (Buthidae). Euscor¬pius. 170: 1–29.
12. Shahi M, Moosavy SH, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Navidpour S, Zare S, Madani A, Raf-inejad J (2016) Spatial distribution of scorpion sting in a high-risk area of Southern Iran. J Med Entomol. 53(5): 1198–1204.
13. Radmanesh M (1990) Clinical study of Hemiscorpius lepturus in Iran. J Trop Med Hyg. 93(5): 327–332.
14. Dehghani R, Valaei N (2005) Scorpion sting in Iran: Review of the literature. Feyz J. 33(9): 66–84.
15. Zare Mirakabadi A, Mahmoodi Kha-toonabadi S, Teimoorzadeh S (2011) Antivenom injection time related effects of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion envenomation in rabbits. Arch Razi Instit. 66 (2): 139–145.
16. Rahmani A, Jalali A (2012) Symptom pat-terns in adult patients stung by scorpions with emphasis on coagulopathy and hemoglubinuria. J Venom Anim Toxin Incl Trop Dis. 18 (4): 427–431.
17. Seyedian R, Jalali A, Babaee M, Pipelza-deh M, Rezaee S (2012) A biodistribution study of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom and available polyclonal antivenom in rats. J Venom Anim Toxin Incl Trop Dis. 18(4): 375–383.
18. Mohseni A, Vazirianzadeh B, Hossien-zadeh M, Salehcheh M, Moradi A, Moravvej SA (2013) The roles of some scorpions, Hemiscor¬pius lepturus and Androctonus crassicauda, in a scorpionism focus in Ramhormorz. Southwestern Iran J Insect Sci. 13(89): 1–12.
19. Monod L, Lourenco WR (2005) Hemiscor¬piidae (Scorpiones) from Iran, with de¬scriptions of two new species and notes on biogeography and phylogenetic re¬la¬tionships. Rev Suisse Zool. 112(4): 869–941.
20. Azizi K, Trgari S, Rashti S (1998) Faun-stic study of scorpions in Shiraz and in-vestigation on their fecundity. Arma-ghan-e-Danesh J. 10–9(3): 23–32.
21. Azizi K, Shahraki G, SM O (2001) Deter-mination of the fauna and sex ratio of scorpions from villages and suburbs of Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Province in 2000. Armaghan-e-Danesh J. 22(6): 6–13.
22. Dehghani R, Moabed S, Kamyabi F, Hagh¬doost A, Mashayekhi M, Soltani H (2008) Scorpions fauna of Kerman Province of Iran. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 2(15): 172–181.
23. Nejati J, Mozafari E, Saghafipour A, Ki-yani M (2014) Scorpion fauna and epi-demiological aspects of scorpionism in southeastern Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Bi-omed. 4(Suppl1): 217–221.
24. Mirshamsi O, Sari A, Hosseinie S (2011) History of study and checklist of the scorpion fauna (Arachnida: Scorpiones) of Iran. Biol Sci. 1(2): 16–28.
25. Mozafari E, Sedaghat MM, Sanei-Dehkordi A, Akbarzadeh K (2013) Biodiversity and species composition of scorpions (Arach¬nida, Scorpiones) in Ilam County, Iran. J Appl Sci Res. 9(9): 5412–5418.
26. Navidpour S (2015) An annotated check-list of scorpions in south and south¬west-ern parts of Iran. Int J Fauna Biol Stud. 2(3): 9–15.
27. Dehghani R, Khamehchian T, Miranzadeh MM (2008) Surveying on the biologic be¬haviors of Hemiscorpius lepturus Peters 1861, scorpion in laboratory (Khuzestan, Iran) (Scorpions: Hemiscorpiidae). Pak J Biol Sci. 10(18): 3097–3102.
28. Motevali-Haghi F, Tirgari S, Changani F, Mohammadpur R (2004) Study of scor-pion fauna in mountainouse area of Ma-zandaran Province. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 43: 92–95.
29. Navidpour S (2012) A review study on Hottentotta Birula, 1908, (Scorpionida: Buthidae) species collected from Iran. Arch Razi Inst. 67(2): 93–100.
30. Emam SJ, Khosravi AD, Alemohammad A (2008) Evaluation of hematological and urine parameters in Hemiscorpius lep¬turus (Gadim) victims referred to Razi hospi¬tal, Ahvaz, Iran. J Med Sci. 8(3): 306–309.
31. Rafizadeh S, Rafinejad J, Rassi Y (2013) Epidemiology of scorpionism in Iran dur¬ing 2009. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 7(1): 66–70.
32. Kassiri H, Mohammadzadeh Mahijan N, Hasanvand Z, Shemshad M, Shemshad K (2012) Epidemiological survey on scor¬pion sting envenomation in South-West, Iran. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 14(8): 80–83.
33. Jahan S, Mohammed Al Saigul A, Abdul Rahim Hamed S (2007) Scorpion stings in Qassim, Saudi Arabia-A 5-year sur-veil¬lance report. Toxicon. 50: 302–305.
34. Bosnak M, Ece A, Yolbas I, Bosnak V, Kaplan M, Gurkan F (2009) Scorpion sting envenomation in children in southeast Turkey. Wilderness Environ Med. 20(2): 118–124.
35. Soren C, Nageswara Rao K (2016) Clin-ical profile of scorpion sting enven-omation in children. Int J Contemp Pediatr. 3(3): 865–867.
36. Shahbazzadeh D, Amirkhani A, Djadid ND, Bigdeli S, Akbari A, Ahari H, Amini H, Dehghani R (2009) An epidemiological and clinical survey of scorpionism in Khuzestan Province, Iran. Toxicon. 53(4): 454–459.
37. Vazirianzadeh B, Haji Hosein R, Amiri B, Molaii SM, Bagheri S (2010) Epidemiological study on scorpionism in the Aboozar and Razi hospitals of Ahvaz, SW Iran, 2nd half of 2006. Sci Res Health Sci. 2(2): 16–25.
38. Kassiri H, Kasiri N, Dianat A (2015) Species composition, sex ratio, geographical distribution, seasonal and monthly activity of scorpions and epidemiological fea-tures of scorpionism in Zarrin-dasht Coun¬ty, Fars Province, Southern Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 5(2): 99–103.
39. Maghsoodi N, Vazirianzadeh B, Salahshoor A (2015) Scorpion sting in Izeh, Iran: An epidemiological study during 2009–2011. J Basic Appl Sci. 11: 403–409.
40. Al-Sadoon M, Jarrar B (2003) Epidemi¬o-logical study of scorpion stings in Saudi Arabia between 1993 and 1997. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 9: 54–64.
41. Jarrar B, Al-Rowaily M (2008) Epidemiological aspects of scorpion stings in Al-Jouf Province, Saudi Arabia. Annls Saudi Med. 28: 183–187.
42. Dehghani R, Valaei N (2010) The review of Iranian traditional medicine vision on scorpion and scorpion sting. Res Med J Beheshti Univ Med Sci. 33: 269–279.
43. Vazirianzadeh B, Farhadpour F, Hosseinzadeh M, Zarean M, Moravvej S (2012) An epidemiological and clinical study on scorpionism in hospitalized children in Khuzestan, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 6(1): 62–69.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 13 No 4 (2019) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v13i4.2231 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Distribution Scorpion Scorpion sting Scorpionism Iran | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Shahi M, Habibi-Masour R, Salehi M, Ghasemi-Nang M, Rafizad E, Abbasi M, Hanafi-Bojd AA. Scorpions and Scorpionism in Roudan County, Southern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2019;13(4):353-361.
