Modeling Spatial Distribution of Sergentomyia minuta (Diptera: Psychodidae) and its Potential Implication in Leishmaniasis Transmission in Morocco
,
Abstract
Background: Leishmaniases are parasitic diseases caused by Leishmania species and transmitted by the bite of sand flies. The genus Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus of sand flies are known to be the responsible vector for transmitting almost all Leishmania species to humans. The detection of Leishmania DNA in species of the genus Sergentomyia, in different regions, suggests their likely role in Leishmania transmission.
Methods: Our objective was to determine the potential geographical distribution of Sergentomyia minuta, the most dominant Sergentomyia species in Morocco, using ecological niche modeling.
Results: The results showed the widespread geographical distribution of S. minuta in Morocco, specifically in northern and central Morocco where visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis foci occur. There were six abiotic factors affecting the distribution of S. minuta whose annual precipitation, precipitation seasonality and precipitation of driest month as the most important ecological variables of the model.
Conclusion: A positive statistical correlation between human leishmaniasis cases and S. minuta abundance was noted suggesting the potential involvement of S. minuta in local Leishmania transmission cycles.
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8. Ajaoud M, Es-sette N, Charrel RN, laamrani-Idrissi A, Nhammi H, Riyad M, Lemrani M (2015) Phlebotomus sergenti in a cutaneous leishmaniasis focus in Azilal Province (High Atlas, Morocco): Molecular detec¬tion and genotyping of Leishmania trop¬ica and feeding behavior. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 9: e0003687.
9. Zarrouk A, Kahime K, Boussaa S, Belqat B (2015) Ecological and epidemiological sta¬tus of species of the Phlebotomus perni¬ciosus complex (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotom¬inae) in Morocco. Parasitol Res. 115(3): 1045–1051.
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11. Ouanaimi F, Boussaa S, Boumezzough (2015) Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psy¬chodidae) of Morocco: results of an en¬tomo¬logical survey along three transects from northern to southern country. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 5(4): 299–306.
12. Kahime K, Boussaa S, El Mazabi A, Bou-mezzough A (2015) Spatial relations be-tween Environmental factors and Phlebotom¬ine sand fly populations (Dip-tera: Psychodidae) in central and southern Mo¬rocco. J Vector Ecol. 40: 1–13.
13. Boussaa S, Boumezzough A, Sibold B, Alves-Pires C, Morillas Marquez F, Glass-er N, Pesson B (2009) Phlebotomine sand¬flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) of the genus Ser¬gentomyia in Marrakech region, Mo¬rocco. Parasitol Res. 104: 1027–1033.
14. Guernaoui S, Boumezzough A, Laamrani A
(2006) Altitudinal structuring of sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) in the High-Atlas moun¬tains (Morocco) and its relation to the risk of leishmaniasis transmission. Acta Trop. 97: 346–351.
15. Bailly-Choumara H, Abonnenc E, Pastre J (1971) Contribution à l’étude des phlébo-tomes du Maroc. (Diptera: Psychodidae): données faunistiques et écologiques. Cah ORSTOM. Ser Entomol Med Parasitol. 9: 431–460.
16. Boussaa S, Guernaoui S, Pesson B, Bou-mezzough A (2005) Seasonal fluctuations of phlebotomine sand fly populations (Dip¬tera: Psychodidae) in the urban area of Mar¬rakech, Morocco. Acta Trop. 95: 86–91.
17. El Miri H, Rhajaoui M, Himmi O, Oua¬habi S, Benhoussa A, Faraj C (2013) Ento¬mo-logical study of five cutaneous leishman-ia¬sis foci in the Sidi Kacem Province, north Morocco. Ann Soc Entomol Fr. 49(2): 154–159.
18. Maia C, Depaquit J (2016) Can Sergento-myia (Diptera: Psychodidae) play a role in the transmission of mammal-infecting Leishma¬nia? Parasite. 23: 55.
19. Parvizi P, Amirkhani A (2008) Mitochon-drial DNA characterization of Sergento-myia sintoni populations and finding mam¬malian Leishmania infections in this sand fly by us¬ing ITSrDNA. Iran J Vet Res. 22: 9–18.
20. Berdjane-Brouk Z, Koné AK, Djimde AA, Charrel RN, Ravel C, Delaunay P, del Giu¬dice, P, Diarra AZ, Doumbo S, Goita S, Thera MA, Depaquit J, Marty P, Doumbo OK, Izri A (2012) First detection of Leish¬ma¬nia major DNA in Sergentomyia (Spelaeo¬myia) darlingi from cutaneous leish¬man¬iasis foci in Mali. PLoS One. 7: e28266.
21. Campino L, Cortes S, Dionísio L, Neto L, Afonso MO, Maia C (2013) The first de-tec¬tion of Leishmania major in naturally infected Sergentomyia minuta in Portugal. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 108: 516–518.
22. Mutinga MJ, Massamba NN, Basimike M,
Kamau CC, Amimo FA, Onyido AE, Omo- go DM, Kyai FM, Wachira DW (1994) Cutane¬ous leishmaniasis in Kenya: Sergento¬myia garnhami (Diptera: Psychodidae), a possible vector of Leishmania major in Kitui District: a new focus of the disease. East Afr Med J. 71: 424–428.
23. Mukherjee S, Hassan MQ, Ghosh A, Ghosh KN, Bhattacharya A, Adhya S (1997) Leish¬mania DNA in Phlebotomus and Ser¬gento¬myia species during a kala-azar epi¬demic. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 57: 423–425.
24. Kanjanopas K, Siripattanapipong S, Ninsaeng U, Hitakarun A, Jitkaew S, Kaew¬taphaya P, Tan-ariya P, Mungthin M, Char¬oen¬wong C, Leelayoova S (2013) Sergento¬myia (Ne¬o¬phlebotomus) gem¬mea, a potential vector of Leishmania si-amensis in southern Thai¬land. BMC In-fect Dis. 13: 333.
25. Ba Y, Trouillet J, Thonnon J, Fontenille D (1999) Phlebotomus of Senegal: survey of the fauna in the region of Kedougou. Iso-lation of arbovirus. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 92(2): 131–135.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 1 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v14i1.2700 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Sergentomyia minuta; Ecological niche modeling; MaxEnt; Morocco | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Daoudi MM, Boussaa S, Boumezzough A. Modeling Spatial Distribution of Sergentomyia minuta (Diptera: Psychodidae) and its Potential Implication in Leishmaniasis Transmission in Morocco. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2019;14(1):17–28.
