Study on the Fauna of Aquatic Insects in Northwestern Iran
,
Abstract
Background: Aquatic insects include groups of arthropods which at least one step of their life happens in water. Some of these insects play an important role in the transmission of various diseases to human and animals. Because there is a little information about the fauna of aquatic insects in Iran, this study was aimed to collect and identify aquatic insects in northwestern Iran.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was performed in July 2017 in Rivers of three villages of Osku County of East Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran. The specimens were collected using different methods including D frame net-collector, standard mosquito dipper, Sweep Netting and plastic pipette. The collected specimens were identified based on the systematic keys of aquatic insects.
Results: Totally 285 samples were collected. Four orders including Diptera, Hemiptera, Ephemeroptera and Coleoptera were identified. Collected samples belonged to seven families of Tipulidae, Chironomidae, Corixidae, Culicidae, Hydrophilidae, Baetidae and Dytiscidae. The most predominant family was Culicidae belonging to order Diptera. Culiseta longiareolata was the most frequent species collected in the study area.
Conclusion: Aquatic insects usually play an important role in the food chain of animals and some species of them act as predators and play an important role in the biological control of vectors. Therefore, more studies are required to carry out in the field of aquatic insects.
1. Merritt R, Cummins K (1996) An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America. p. 861.
2. Belayeva NV, Rasnitsyn AP, Quicke DLJ (2002) History of insects. First edition. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 503.
3. Kleber DC, Rhainer G (2019) Aquatic insects, behavior and ecology. Springer International Publishing, Springer Nature Switzerland, p. 428.
4. Voshell R (2002) A guide to common fresh¬water invertebrates of North America. Mc-Donald and Woodward Publishing Company, Granville, Ohio, p. 456.
5. Subramanian KA, Sivaramkrishnan KG (2015) Aquatic Insects of India- A Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Ecology and Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India, p. 62.
6. American Mosquito Control Association (2019) Mosquito-Borne Diseases. Available at: https://www.mosquito.org/page/diseases
7. Fatalmoudou T, Ogobara D, Alpha Seydou Y, Sékou FT, Philippe P, Vincent R (2018) Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and mosquito-borne diseases in Mali, West Africa. Parasite Vectors. 11: 1–12.
8. Foil LD (1989) Tabanids as vectors of disease agents. Parasitol Today. 5(3): 88–96.
9. Chae SJ, Pusterla N, Johnson E, Derock E, Lawler SP, Madigan JE (2000) Infection of aquatic insects whit trematode metacercariae carry Ehrlichiaristicii, the case of potomac house fever. J Med Entomol. 37(4): 619–625.
10. Villiers De (1987) Simulium dermatitis in man-clinical and biological features in South Africa. A case report. S Afr Med J. 71(8): 523–525.
11. Suhaila AH, Che Salmah MR (2017) Application of aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) in water quality assessment of Malaysian headwater. Trop Life Sci Res. 28(2): 143–162.
12. Suhaila AH, Che Salmah MR (2017) Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (Insecta) abundance, diversity and role in leaf litter breakdown in tropical headwater river. Trop Life Sci Res. (2): 89–105.
13. Vidotto-Magnoni AP, Carvalho ED (2009) Aquatic insects as the main food resource of fish the community in a Neotropical reservoir. Neotrop Ichthyol. 7(4): 701–708.
14. Williams DD, Williams SS (2017) Aquatic insects and their potential to contribute to the diet of the globally expanding human population. Insects. 8(3): 1–20.
15. Pinto TLF, Uieda VS (2007) Aquatic in-sects selected as food for fishes of a tropical stream: Are there spatial and seasonal differences in their selectivity? Acta Limnol Bras. 19(1): 67–78.
16. Tran G, Heuzé V, Makkar HPS (2015) In¬sects in fish diets. Anim Front. 5(2): 37–44.
17. Ministry of Interior (2018) East Azerbaijan Province Governorate. Available at: https://www.ostan-as.gov.ir/
18. Compin A, Cereghino R (2003) Sensitivity of aquatic insect species richness to disturbance in the Adour-Garonne stream system (France). Ecol Indic. 3: 135–142.
19. Sundermann A, Lohse S, Beck LA, Haase P (2007) Key to the larval stages of aquatic true flies (Diptera), based on the operational taxa list for running waters in Germany. Ann Limnol Int J Lim. 43(1): 61–74.
20. Bouchard RW (2004a) Guide to aquatic invertebrates of the upper Midwest. University of Minnesota, Water Resources Research Center. p. 207.
21. Bouchard RW (2004b) Guide to aquatic macro invertebrates of the upper Midwest University of Minnesota, Water Re-sources Research Center. p. 203.
22. Kimmins DE (1950) Handbook for the identification of British insects. Royal Entomological Society. p. 23.
23. Turkmen G, Kazanci N (2013) The key to the Ephemeroptera (Insecta) larvae in running waters of the Eastern Black Sea Basin (Turkey) with the new records. Rev Hydrobio. 6(1): 31–55.
24. Epler HH (2006) Identification manual for the aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera of Florida. State of Florida. Department of Environmental Protection Division of Water Resource Management Tallahassee. p. 186.
25. Evenhuis NL, Pape T, Pont AC, Thompson FC (2007) Bio systematics database of world Diptera, Version 9.5. Avaiable at: http://www.diptera.org/index.php.
26. Westheide W, Rieger R (1996) Spezielle Zoologie, Teil 1: Einzeller und wirbellose Tiere. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart. New York, p. 148.
27. Knight KL, Stone A (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). Second edition. Publisher: Entomological Society of America. p. 611.
Azari-Hamidian S (2005) Larval habitat characteristics of the genus Anopheles (Dip-tera: Culicidae) and a checklist of mosquitoes in Guilan Province, northern Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 5(1): 37–53.
28. Gutsevich AV, Monchadskii AS, Shtakelberg AA (1974) Fauna of the USSR Diptera. Vol. III. No 4. Mosquitoes Family Culicidae. NS No 100. Akad Nauk SSSR Zool Inst, Leningrad. p. 408.
29. Gutsevich AV (1943) On the mosquitoes of North Iran. Comptes Rendus Academy of Sciences USSR XL. 40(3): 123–125.
30. Dow RP (1953) Notes on Iranian mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2: 683–695.
31. Azari-Hamidian S (2005) Larval habitat characteristics of mosquitoes of the genus Culiseta Felt, 1904 (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Caspian Sea littoral, Iran. Zool Middle East. 36: 59–66.
32. Azari-Hamidian S, Joeafshani MA, Ras-saei AR, Mosslem M (2003) Faunistic studies on the genus Culiseta (Diptera: Culicidae) in Guilan Province. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 10(4): 225–233.
33. Shayeghi M, Vatandoost H, Gorouhi A, Sanei-Dehkordi AR (2014) Biodiversity of aquatic insects of Zayandeh Roud river and its branches, Isfahan Province, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 8(2): 197–203.
34. Abai MR, Azari-Hamidian S, Ladonni H, Hakimi M, Mashhadi-Esmail K, Sheikhzadeh K, Kousha A, Vatandoost H (2007) Fauna and checklist of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of East Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 1(2): 27–33.
35. Shayeghi M, Vatandoost H, Paksa A, Amin M, Yousefi H, Rahimi S, Abbasi M, Akhavan AA (2017) Identification of common aquatic insects of Jajroud river. J Entomol
Zool Stud. 5(5): 1433–1436.
36. Vafaei R, Ostovan H, Inchekar U, Pesic V (2007) Faunestic study of the aquatic beetles (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) of Markazi Province (central Iran) with new records. Arch Biol Sci. 59: 239–242.
37. Shayeghi M, Nejati J, Shirani L, Koosha M, Badakhshan M, Mohammadi Bavani M, Arzamani K, Choubdar N, Bagheri F, Saghafipour A, Veysi A, Karimian F, Akhavan AA, Vatandoost H, (2015) Assessing the fauna of aquatic insects for possible use for malaria vector control in large river, central Iran. Acta Med Iran. 53(9): 523–532.
38. Ostovan H, Niakan J (2004) Ecological and faunistical study of aquatic Coleoptera in South and North of Parishan Lake. J Agric Sci. 4(10): 93–116.
39. Atamehr AA (2002) Faunistical study of aquatic Coleoptera in Tabriz region, Iran and bioecological study on richness spe-cies. Ph.D. Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. p. 154.
40. Atamehr A, Kamali K, Ostovan H (2004) A faunistical study of aquatic Coleoptera in Tabriz region, Iran. Proceeding of 16th Plant Protection Congress. p. 122.
41. Reese Voshell J (2009) Sustaining America’s aquatic biodiversity aquatic insect biodiversity and conservation produced. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Publication. p. 8.
42. Sartori M, Brittain JE (2015) Ecology and General Biology. 4th Edition, Academic Press, New York, pp. 873–891.
43. Mc Cafferty WP (1991) Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Ephemeroptera (Insecta): a commentary on systematics. Ann Entomol Soc Am. 84: 343–360.
44. Brittain JE, Eikeland TJ (1988) Invertebrate drift -a review. Hydrobiologia. 166: 77–93.
45. Shayeghi M, Doosti S, Bazrafkan S, Hoseini-Vasoukolaei N, Vatandoost H, Akhavan AA, Vatandoost S, Arandian MH (2013) Prevalence of aquatic entomofauna, the predators of mosquitoes, in the Za¬yandeh River of central Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 4(1): S240–S245.
46. Malekei-Ravasan N, Bahrami A, Shayeghi M, Oshaghi MA, Malek M, Mansoorian AB, Vatandoost H (2013) Noteson the Iran Caddisflies and role of Annulipalpian hydropsychid Caddisflies as a biomonitoring agent. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 7(1): 71–82.
47. Shayeghi M, Nejati J, Shirani-Bidabadi L, Koosha M, Badakhshan M, Mohammadi Bavani M, Arzamani K, Choubdar N, Bagheri F, Saghafipour A, Veysi A, Karimian F, Akhavan AA, Vatandoost H (2015) Assessing the fauna of aquatic insects for possible use for malaria vector control in large river, central Iran. Acta Med Iran. 53(9): 523–532.
48. Shayeghi M, Moradi-Asl E, Saeidi Z, Mozafari E, Poudat A, Salimi M, Vatandoost H (2016) Aquatic insects fauna of Meshkin Shahr, Ardabil Province, North-western Iran, 2014. J Marine Sci Res Dev. 6: 206–211.
49. Saeidi Z, Vatandoost H (2018) Aquatic insect from Iran for possible use of biological control of main vector-borne disease of malaria and water indicator of contamination. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 12(1): 1–15.
50. Shayeghi M, Vatandoost H, Gorouhi A, Sanei-Dehkordi AR, Salim-Abadi Y, Karami M, Jalil-Navaz MR, Akhavan AA, Shiekh Z, Vatandoost S, Arandian MH (2014) Biodiversity of aquatic insects of Zayandeh Roud River and its branches, Isfahan Province, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 8(2): 197–203.
51. Vatandoost H, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Tavasoli M, Badzohr A, Keshavarzi D, Akbari M, Fathi A, Karimi NZ, Firooziyan S, Dashti K, Marvi-Moghadam N, Ahmad Yusof M (2018) The species diversity of aquatic insects in Karaj River, central Iran. J Marine Sci Res Dev. 8(5): 258.
2. Belayeva NV, Rasnitsyn AP, Quicke DLJ (2002) History of insects. First edition. Kluwer Academic Publishers. p. 503.
3. Kleber DC, Rhainer G (2019) Aquatic insects, behavior and ecology. Springer International Publishing, Springer Nature Switzerland, p. 428.
4. Voshell R (2002) A guide to common fresh¬water invertebrates of North America. Mc-Donald and Woodward Publishing Company, Granville, Ohio, p. 456.
5. Subramanian KA, Sivaramkrishnan KG (2015) Aquatic Insects of India- A Field Guide. Ashoka Trust for Ecology and Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, India, p. 62.
6. American Mosquito Control Association (2019) Mosquito-Borne Diseases. Available at: https://www.mosquito.org/page/diseases
7. Fatalmoudou T, Ogobara D, Alpha Seydou Y, Sékou FT, Philippe P, Vincent R (2018) Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and mosquito-borne diseases in Mali, West Africa. Parasite Vectors. 11: 1–12.
8. Foil LD (1989) Tabanids as vectors of disease agents. Parasitol Today. 5(3): 88–96.
9. Chae SJ, Pusterla N, Johnson E, Derock E, Lawler SP, Madigan JE (2000) Infection of aquatic insects whit trematode metacercariae carry Ehrlichiaristicii, the case of potomac house fever. J Med Entomol. 37(4): 619–625.
10. Villiers De (1987) Simulium dermatitis in man-clinical and biological features in South Africa. A case report. S Afr Med J. 71(8): 523–525.
11. Suhaila AH, Che Salmah MR (2017) Application of aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) in water quality assessment of Malaysian headwater. Trop Life Sci Res. 28(2): 143–162.
12. Suhaila AH, Che Salmah MR (2017) Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (Insecta) abundance, diversity and role in leaf litter breakdown in tropical headwater river. Trop Life Sci Res. (2): 89–105.
13. Vidotto-Magnoni AP, Carvalho ED (2009) Aquatic insects as the main food resource of fish the community in a Neotropical reservoir. Neotrop Ichthyol. 7(4): 701–708.
14. Williams DD, Williams SS (2017) Aquatic insects and their potential to contribute to the diet of the globally expanding human population. Insects. 8(3): 1–20.
15. Pinto TLF, Uieda VS (2007) Aquatic in-sects selected as food for fishes of a tropical stream: Are there spatial and seasonal differences in their selectivity? Acta Limnol Bras. 19(1): 67–78.
16. Tran G, Heuzé V, Makkar HPS (2015) In¬sects in fish diets. Anim Front. 5(2): 37–44.
17. Ministry of Interior (2018) East Azerbaijan Province Governorate. Available at: https://www.ostan-as.gov.ir/
18. Compin A, Cereghino R (2003) Sensitivity of aquatic insect species richness to disturbance in the Adour-Garonne stream system (France). Ecol Indic. 3: 135–142.
19. Sundermann A, Lohse S, Beck LA, Haase P (2007) Key to the larval stages of aquatic true flies (Diptera), based on the operational taxa list for running waters in Germany. Ann Limnol Int J Lim. 43(1): 61–74.
20. Bouchard RW (2004a) Guide to aquatic invertebrates of the upper Midwest. University of Minnesota, Water Resources Research Center. p. 207.
21. Bouchard RW (2004b) Guide to aquatic macro invertebrates of the upper Midwest University of Minnesota, Water Re-sources Research Center. p. 203.
22. Kimmins DE (1950) Handbook for the identification of British insects. Royal Entomological Society. p. 23.
23. Turkmen G, Kazanci N (2013) The key to the Ephemeroptera (Insecta) larvae in running waters of the Eastern Black Sea Basin (Turkey) with the new records. Rev Hydrobio. 6(1): 31–55.
24. Epler HH (2006) Identification manual for the aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera of Florida. State of Florida. Department of Environmental Protection Division of Water Resource Management Tallahassee. p. 186.
25. Evenhuis NL, Pape T, Pont AC, Thompson FC (2007) Bio systematics database of world Diptera, Version 9.5. Avaiable at: http://www.diptera.org/index.php.
26. Westheide W, Rieger R (1996) Spezielle Zoologie, Teil 1: Einzeller und wirbellose Tiere. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart. New York, p. 148.
27. Knight KL, Stone A (1977) A catalog of the mosquitoes of the world (Diptera: Culicidae). Second edition. Publisher: Entomological Society of America. p. 611.
Azari-Hamidian S (2005) Larval habitat characteristics of the genus Anopheles (Dip-tera: Culicidae) and a checklist of mosquitoes in Guilan Province, northern Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 5(1): 37–53.
28. Gutsevich AV, Monchadskii AS, Shtakelberg AA (1974) Fauna of the USSR Diptera. Vol. III. No 4. Mosquitoes Family Culicidae. NS No 100. Akad Nauk SSSR Zool Inst, Leningrad. p. 408.
29. Gutsevich AV (1943) On the mosquitoes of North Iran. Comptes Rendus Academy of Sciences USSR XL. 40(3): 123–125.
30. Dow RP (1953) Notes on Iranian mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2: 683–695.
31. Azari-Hamidian S (2005) Larval habitat characteristics of mosquitoes of the genus Culiseta Felt, 1904 (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Caspian Sea littoral, Iran. Zool Middle East. 36: 59–66.
32. Azari-Hamidian S, Joeafshani MA, Ras-saei AR, Mosslem M (2003) Faunistic studies on the genus Culiseta (Diptera: Culicidae) in Guilan Province. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 10(4): 225–233.
33. Shayeghi M, Vatandoost H, Gorouhi A, Sanei-Dehkordi AR (2014) Biodiversity of aquatic insects of Zayandeh Roud river and its branches, Isfahan Province, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 8(2): 197–203.
34. Abai MR, Azari-Hamidian S, Ladonni H, Hakimi M, Mashhadi-Esmail K, Sheikhzadeh K, Kousha A, Vatandoost H (2007) Fauna and checklist of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of East Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 1(2): 27–33.
35. Shayeghi M, Vatandoost H, Paksa A, Amin M, Yousefi H, Rahimi S, Abbasi M, Akhavan AA (2017) Identification of common aquatic insects of Jajroud river. J Entomol
Zool Stud. 5(5): 1433–1436.
36. Vafaei R, Ostovan H, Inchekar U, Pesic V (2007) Faunestic study of the aquatic beetles (Coleoptera: Polyphaga) of Markazi Province (central Iran) with new records. Arch Biol Sci. 59: 239–242.
37. Shayeghi M, Nejati J, Shirani L, Koosha M, Badakhshan M, Mohammadi Bavani M, Arzamani K, Choubdar N, Bagheri F, Saghafipour A, Veysi A, Karimian F, Akhavan AA, Vatandoost H, (2015) Assessing the fauna of aquatic insects for possible use for malaria vector control in large river, central Iran. Acta Med Iran. 53(9): 523–532.
38. Ostovan H, Niakan J (2004) Ecological and faunistical study of aquatic Coleoptera in South and North of Parishan Lake. J Agric Sci. 4(10): 93–116.
39. Atamehr AA (2002) Faunistical study of aquatic Coleoptera in Tabriz region, Iran and bioecological study on richness spe-cies. Ph.D. Thesis, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch. p. 154.
40. Atamehr A, Kamali K, Ostovan H (2004) A faunistical study of aquatic Coleoptera in Tabriz region, Iran. Proceeding of 16th Plant Protection Congress. p. 122.
41. Reese Voshell J (2009) Sustaining America’s aquatic biodiversity aquatic insect biodiversity and conservation produced. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Publication. p. 8.
42. Sartori M, Brittain JE (2015) Ecology and General Biology. 4th Edition, Academic Press, New York, pp. 873–891.
43. Mc Cafferty WP (1991) Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Ephemeroptera (Insecta): a commentary on systematics. Ann Entomol Soc Am. 84: 343–360.
44. Brittain JE, Eikeland TJ (1988) Invertebrate drift -a review. Hydrobiologia. 166: 77–93.
45. Shayeghi M, Doosti S, Bazrafkan S, Hoseini-Vasoukolaei N, Vatandoost H, Akhavan AA, Vatandoost S, Arandian MH (2013) Prevalence of aquatic entomofauna, the predators of mosquitoes, in the Za¬yandeh River of central Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 4(1): S240–S245.
46. Malekei-Ravasan N, Bahrami A, Shayeghi M, Oshaghi MA, Malek M, Mansoorian AB, Vatandoost H (2013) Noteson the Iran Caddisflies and role of Annulipalpian hydropsychid Caddisflies as a biomonitoring agent. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 7(1): 71–82.
47. Shayeghi M, Nejati J, Shirani-Bidabadi L, Koosha M, Badakhshan M, Mohammadi Bavani M, Arzamani K, Choubdar N, Bagheri F, Saghafipour A, Veysi A, Karimian F, Akhavan AA, Vatandoost H (2015) Assessing the fauna of aquatic insects for possible use for malaria vector control in large river, central Iran. Acta Med Iran. 53(9): 523–532.
48. Shayeghi M, Moradi-Asl E, Saeidi Z, Mozafari E, Poudat A, Salimi M, Vatandoost H (2016) Aquatic insects fauna of Meshkin Shahr, Ardabil Province, North-western Iran, 2014. J Marine Sci Res Dev. 6: 206–211.
49. Saeidi Z, Vatandoost H (2018) Aquatic insect from Iran for possible use of biological control of main vector-borne disease of malaria and water indicator of contamination. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 12(1): 1–15.
50. Shayeghi M, Vatandoost H, Gorouhi A, Sanei-Dehkordi AR, Salim-Abadi Y, Karami M, Jalil-Navaz MR, Akhavan AA, Shiekh Z, Vatandoost S, Arandian MH (2014) Biodiversity of aquatic insects of Zayandeh Roud River and its branches, Isfahan Province, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 8(2): 197–203.
51. Vatandoost H, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Tavasoli M, Badzohr A, Keshavarzi D, Akbari M, Fathi A, Karimi NZ, Firooziyan S, Dashti K, Marvi-Moghadam N, Ahmad Yusof M (2018) The species diversity of aquatic insects in Karaj River, central Iran. J Marine Sci Res Dev. 8(5): 258.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 1 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v14i1.2698 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Aquatic insects; Fauna; Azerbaijan; Iran | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Abbasi M, Doosti S, Vatandoost H, Hosseini-Vasoukolaei N. Study on the Fauna of Aquatic Insects in Northwestern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2019;14(1):1–7.
