Relationship between Some Environmental and Climatic Factors on Outbreak of Whiteflies, the Human Annoying Insects
-
Abedin Saghafipour
,
Alireza Zahraei-Ramazani
,
Hassan Vatandoost
,
Amin Asadollahi
,
Reza Fouladi-Fard
,
Amir Hamta
,
Ali Hasanwand
Abstract
Background: The reports of numerous outbreaks of whiteflies from different parts of the world have increased its medical importance. The aim of this study was to determine relationship between environmental changes and climatic factors with the outbreak of the whitefly population in Tehran, the capital of Iran.
Methods: This study was carried out in urban areas of Tehran, where the increasing population of whiteflies was reported frequently during 2018. In order to entrap the whiteflies, 20 yellow sticky cards smeared with white refined grease were installed on the trunks of the trees at twice per month as trapping time intervals. The captured flies were transferred and conserved in cans containing 70% alcohol and were counted accurately under a stereomicroscope. To determine the relationship between air quality index, precipitation, air temperature and air humidity as environmental and climatic factors with the abundance of whiteflies, change point analysis and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) was used.
Results: The most density of white flies per trap was 256.6 and 155.6 in early October and late September respectively. The number moved closer to zero from November to April. The population of whiteflies was inversely correlated with the level of air quality index (p= 0.99) and precipitation (p= 0.95), and it had a direct correlation with the high temperature. Also, the population of whiteflies had a direct correlation with the level of air humidity in the first half of the year
Conclusion: According to these findings, during spring and summer from early May to early October.
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13. Ghahari H, Abd-Rabou S, Ostovan H, Samin N (2007) Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and their host plants in Go-lestan Prov¬ince, Iran. Plant and Ecosystem. 12: 17–28.
14. Ghahari H, Hatami B (2000) Morphological and biological studies of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum westwood (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Isfahan. J Water Soil Sci. 4: 141–154.
15. Antignus Y, Nestel D, Cohen S, Lapidot M (2001) Ultraviolet-deficient green-house environment affects whitefly attraction and flight-behavior. Environ Entomol. 30: 394–399.
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18. Lu Y, Bei Y, Zhang J (2012) Are yellow sticky traps an effective method for control of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, in the greenhouse or field? J Insect Sci. 12: 113.
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25. Tsueda H, Tsuchida K (2011) Reproductive differences between Q and B white-flies, Bemisia tabaci, on three host plants and negative interactions in mixed cohorts. Entomol Exp Appl. 141: 197–207.
26. David V, Ragupathy E (2004) Whiteflies (homoptera: Alyerodidae) of Mulberry, Morus alba L., in India. Pestology. 28(10): 24–33.
27. Mound, LA, Halsey SH (1978) Whitefly of the World. British Museum (Natural History)/ John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, p. 340.
28. Alomar O, Goula M, Albajes R (2001) Colonization of tomato fields by predatory mirid bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in northern Spain. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 89: 105–115.
29. Grier TJ, LeFevre DM, Duncan EA, Esch RE, Coyne TC (2012) Allergen stabilities and compatibilities in mixtures of high-pro¬tease fungal and insect extracts. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 108: 439–447.
30. Traidl-Hoffmann C, Kasche A, Menzel A, Jakob T, Thiel M, Ring J, Behrendt H (2003) Impact of pollen on human health: more than allergen carriers? Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 131: 1–13.
31. Cohen S, Melamed-Madjar V (1978) Prevention by soil mulching of spread of to-mato yellow leaf curl virus transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Israel. Bulletin Entomol Res. 68: 465–470.
32. Cohen S, Berlinger M (1986) Transmission and cultural control of whitefly-borne viruses. Agric Ecosystems Environ. 17: 89–97.
33. Burnett T (1949) The effect of temperature on an insect host-parasite population. Ecology. 30: 113–134.
34. Crowder DW, Ellsworth PC, Tabashnik BE, Carriére Y (2008) Effects of operational and environmental factors on evolution of resistance to pyriproxyfen in the sweetpotato whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Environ Entomol. 37: 1514–1524.
35. Vosman B (2016) Different mechanisms of whitefly resistance in cabbage and its wild relatives. plant and animal genome XXIV Conference, Plant and Animal Genome.
36. Chandler D, Bailey AS, Tatchell GM, Da-vidson G, Greaves J, Grant WP (2011) The development, regulation and use of biopesticides for integrated pest management. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 366: 1987–1998.
2. Sadeh D, Nitzan N, Shachter A, Chaimovitsh D, Dudai N, Ghanim M (2017) Whitefly attraction to rosemary (Rosmarinus officinialis L.) is associated with volatile composition and quantity. PLoS One. 12: e0177483.
3. De Barro PJ, Liu SS, Boykin LM, Dinsdale AB (2011) Bemisia tabaci: A statement of species status. Annu Rev Entomol. 56: 1–19.
4. Bogran CE, Heinz KM (2002) Whiteflies. Texas Agricultural Extension Service. p.7
5. Tracy JM (2011) Insect allergy. Mt Sinai J Med. 78: 773–783.
6. Polston JE, Anderson PK (1997) The emergence of whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses in tomato in the western hemisphere. Plant Dis. 81: 1358–1369.
7. Naveen NC, Chaubey R, Kumar D, Rebijith KB, Rajagopal R, Subrahmanyam B, Subramanian S (2017) Insecticide resistance status in the white-fly, Bemisia tabaci genetic groups Asia-I, Asia-II-1 and Asia-II-7 on the Indian subcontinent. Sci Rep. 18: 40634.
8. VanDoorn A, de Vries M, Kant MR, Schuurink RC (2015) Whiteflies glycosylate salicylic acid and secrete the conjugate via their honeydew. J Chem Ecol. 41(1): 52–58.
9. Fekrat L, Shishehbor P (2007) Some biological features of cotton whitefly, bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on various host plants. Pakistan J Biol Sci. 10: 3180–3184.
10. Hernández-Suárez E, Martin JH, Gill RJ, Bedford ID, Malumphy CP, Reyes Betancort JA, Carnero A (2012) The aleyrodidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) of the Canary Islands with special reference to Aleyrodes, Siphoninus, and the challenges of puparial mor¬phology in Bemisia. Zootaxa. 3212: 1–76.
11. Alemansoor H, Fallahzadeh, M (2004) Bio ecology of ash whitefly, Siphoninus phil-lyreae (Halliday) (Hom: Aleyrodidae) in the Fars Province, Iran. Pajouhesh and Sazan-degi. 62: 64–70.
12. Shahbazvar N, Sahragard A, Manzari SH, Hosseini R, Hajizadeh J (2010) A faunal study of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and their parasitoids in Guilan Province, Iran. Entomofauna. 17: 269–284.
13. Ghahari H, Abd-Rabou S, Ostovan H, Samin N (2007) Whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and their host plants in Go-lestan Prov¬ince, Iran. Plant and Ecosystem. 12: 17–28.
14. Ghahari H, Hatami B (2000) Morphological and biological studies of greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum westwood (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Isfahan. J Water Soil Sci. 4: 141–154.
15. Antignus Y, Nestel D, Cohen S, Lapidot M (2001) Ultraviolet-deficient green-house environment affects whitefly attraction and flight-behavior. Environ Entomol. 30: 394–399.
16. Heshmati GA (2007) Vegetation characteristics of four ecological zones of Iran. Int J Plant Prod. 2: 215–224.
17. Iran Meteorological Organization. Iran (2019) current weather. Available at: http:// www.irimo.ir/index.php?newlang=eng.
18. Lu Y, Bei Y, Zhang J (2012) Are yellow sticky traps an effective method for control of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, in the greenhouse or field? J Insect Sci. 12: 113.
19. Chen J, Gupta AK (2011) Parametric statistical change point analysis: with applications to genetics, medicine, and finance: Springer Science and Business Media. p. 120.
20. Chen J, Gupta AK, Pan J (2006) Information Criterion and Change Point Problem for Regular Models. Indian J Statistics. 68: 252–282.
21. Cui J, Qian G (2007) Selection of working correlation structure and best model in GEE analyses of longitudinal data. Commun Stat- Simul Comput 36: 987–996.
22. Fitzmaurice GM, Laird NM, Ware JH (2011) Applied Longitudinal Analysis, 2nd Edition. p. 752.
23. Bonato O, Lurette A, Vidal C, Fargues J (2007) Modelling temperature-dependent bionomics of Bemisia tabaci (Q-biotype). Physiol. Entomol. 32: 50–55.
24. Muniz M, Nombela G (2001) Differential variation in development of the B- and Q-biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on sweet pepper at constant temperatures. Environ. Entomol. 30: 720–727.
25. Tsueda H, Tsuchida K (2011) Reproductive differences between Q and B white-flies, Bemisia tabaci, on three host plants and negative interactions in mixed cohorts. Entomol Exp Appl. 141: 197–207.
26. David V, Ragupathy E (2004) Whiteflies (homoptera: Alyerodidae) of Mulberry, Morus alba L., in India. Pestology. 28(10): 24–33.
27. Mound, LA, Halsey SH (1978) Whitefly of the World. British Museum (Natural History)/ John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, p. 340.
28. Alomar O, Goula M, Albajes R (2001) Colonization of tomato fields by predatory mirid bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in northern Spain. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 89: 105–115.
29. Grier TJ, LeFevre DM, Duncan EA, Esch RE, Coyne TC (2012) Allergen stabilities and compatibilities in mixtures of high-pro¬tease fungal and insect extracts. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 108: 439–447.
30. Traidl-Hoffmann C, Kasche A, Menzel A, Jakob T, Thiel M, Ring J, Behrendt H (2003) Impact of pollen on human health: more than allergen carriers? Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 131: 1–13.
31. Cohen S, Melamed-Madjar V (1978) Prevention by soil mulching of spread of to-mato yellow leaf curl virus transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Israel. Bulletin Entomol Res. 68: 465–470.
32. Cohen S, Berlinger M (1986) Transmission and cultural control of whitefly-borne viruses. Agric Ecosystems Environ. 17: 89–97.
33. Burnett T (1949) The effect of temperature on an insect host-parasite population. Ecology. 30: 113–134.
34. Crowder DW, Ellsworth PC, Tabashnik BE, Carriére Y (2008) Effects of operational and environmental factors on evolution of resistance to pyriproxyfen in the sweetpotato whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Environ Entomol. 37: 1514–1524.
35. Vosman B (2016) Different mechanisms of whitefly resistance in cabbage and its wild relatives. plant and animal genome XXIV Conference, Plant and Animal Genome.
36. Chandler D, Bailey AS, Tatchell GM, Da-vidson G, Greaves J, Grant WP (2011) The development, regulation and use of biopesticides for integrated pest management. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 366: 1987–1998.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 1 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v14i1.2714 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Change point analysis; Climatic factors; Environmental change; Outbreak; Tehran | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Saghafipour A, Zahraei-Ramazani A, Vatandoost H, Asadollahi A, Fouladi-Fard R, Hamta A, Hasanwand A. Relationship between Some Environmental and Climatic Factors on Outbreak of Whiteflies, the Human Annoying Insects. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2019;14(1):78–87.
