Cardiotoxic and Arrhythmogenic Effects of Hemiscorpius lepturus Scorpion Venom in Rats
-
Khalil Pourkhalili
,
Euikyung Kim
,
Navid Reza Mashayekhy
,
Mostafa Kamyab
,
Seyed Mehdi Hoseiny
,
Reihane Evazy
,
Abbas Zare-Mirakabadi
,
Ramin Seyedian
Abstract
Background: Envenomation by Hemiscorpius lepturus is not painful and the clinical manifestations include bloody urine due to hemoglobinuria or hematuria, dermonecrotic reactions,cardiac arrhythmia and in minority of cases acute renal failure which may lead to death following disseminated intravascular coagulation in infants. Cardiac effects of envenomation by H. lepturus venom including inotropic, chronotropic and arrhythmogenic properties are not studied as now in rat hearts with Langendorff apparatus.Methods: Rat hearts were allowed to equilibrate in its buffer and cardiotropic plus arrhythmogenic effects induced by injection of different doses of H. lepturus venom were detected and recorded by computer acquisition based data in Langendorff apparatus. The neutralizing effects of Razi Institute antivenom and autonomic drugs were assayed in parallel studies.
Results: Hemiscorpius lepturus venom (25 μg/100 l) treatment caused a negative inotropic (65.4 ± 3.2 versus 110.2 ± 3.4) and chronotropic effects (186.3 ± 4.2 versus 302 ± 6.3) in comparison to normal saline. Arrhythmogenic aspects including bradycardia, QRS widening and ST depression were induced by venom injection. Pre venom treatment (20 min) of Razi Institute antivenom (10 μl) neutralized cardiotropic effects but post venom injection (15 min later) had no therapeutic role. Pre (10 min before) and post (15 min after) injection of adrenaline (10 μl) neneutralized cardiotropic effects while pre venom injection (20 min) of propanolol (10 μl) had aggravating effects.
Conclusion: Our study paves the way for further in vivo investigation of cardiovascular effects of this venom for finding suitable treatments instead of its ordinary antivenom medication in cardiogenic shock induced by the venom.
Abroug F, Elatrous S, Nouria S, Haguiga H, Touzi N, Bouchoucha S (1999) Serotherapy in scorpion Envenomation: a randomized controlled trial. Lancet.354: 906–909.
Bawaskar H, Bawaskar P (1998) Indian red scorpion envenoming. Ind J Pediatr.65: 383–391.
Bey TA, Walter FG, Lober W, Schmidt J, Spark R, Schlievert PM (1997) Lo- xosceles arizonica Bite Associated with Shock. Ann Emerg Med. 30: 701–703.
Borchani L, Sassi A, Shahbazzadeh D, Strub JM, Tounsi-Guetteti H, Boubaker MS, Akbari A, Van Dorsselaer A, El ayeb M (2011) Heminecrolysin, the first hemolytic dermonecrotic toxin purified from scorpion venom. Toxicon. 58: 130–139.
Chatzaki M, Horta C, Almeida M, Pereira N, Mendes T, Dias-lopes C, Guimarães G, Moro L, Chávez-olórtegui C, Horta M (2012) Cutaneous loxoscelism caused by Loxosceles similis venom and neu- tralization capacity of its specific antivenom. Toxicon. 60: 21–30.
Cupo P, Hering SE (2002) Cardiac troponin I release after severe scorpion enven- oming by Tityus serrulatus. Toxicon.40: 823–830.
Dehghani R, Fathi B (2012) Scorpion sting in Iran: A review. Toxicon. 60: 919–933.
Gomes, HL, Andrich F, Mauad H, Sampaio KN, De lima ME, FIgueiredo SG, Moyses MR (2010) Cardiovascular ef- fects of scorpionfish (Scorpaena plumieri) venom. Toxicon. 55: 580–589.
Gordon D, Savarin P, Gurevitz M, Zinn- justin S (1998) Functional anatomy of scorpion toxins affecting sodium chan- nels. Toxin Rev. 17: 131–159.
Gueron M, Stern J, Cohen W (1967) Severe myocardial damage and heart failure in scorpion sting: Report of five cases. Am J Card. 19: 719–726.
Ismail M (2003) Treatment of the scorpion envenoming syndrome: 12-years ex- perience with serotherapy. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 21: 170–174.
Ismail M, Shibl A, Morad A, Abdullah M (1983) Pharmacokinetics of 125 I- labelled antivenin to the venom from the scorpion Androctonus amoreuxi. Toxicon. 21: 47–56.
Jalali A, Pipelzadeh MH, Sayedian R, Rowan E (2010) A review of epide- miological, clinical and in vitro physi- ological studies of envenomation by the scorpion Hemiscorpius lepturus (Hemiscorpiidae) in Iran. Toxicon. 55:173–179.
Latifi M, Tabatabai M (1979) Immunolog- ical studies on Iranian scorpion venom and antiserum. Toxicon. 17: 617–620.
Mirakabadi A, Khatoonabadi S, Teimoorzadeh S (2011) Antivenom injection time related effects of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion envenomation in rabbits. Arch Razi Inst. 66: 139–145.
Mirakabadi A, Khatoonabadi S, Teimourzadeh S, Sabiri GH (2010) Serum enzymes studies in scorpion (Hemiscorpius lepturus) dose related envenomation in rabbits. Arch Razi Inst. 65: 83–89.
Prendini L (2000) Phylogeny and classifica- tion of the superfamily Scorpionoidea Latreille 1802 (Chelicerata, Scorpiones): an exemplar approach. Cladistics. 16:1–78.
Radmanesh M (1990) Clinical study of Hemiscorpion lepturus in Iran. J Trop Med Hyg. 93: 327–332.
Sauviat MP, Garnier P, Goudey-perriere F, Perriere C (1995) Does crude venom of the stonefish (Synanceia verrucosa) activate β-adrenoceptors in the frog heart muscle? Toxicon. 33: 1207–1213.
Seyedian R, Jalali A, Babaee M, Pipelzadeh M, Rezaee S (2012) A biodistribution study of Hemiscorpius lepturus scor- pion venom and available polyclonal antivenom in rats. J Ven Anim Toxins Trop Dis. 18: 375–383.
Seyedian R, Pipelzadeh MH, Jalali A, Kim E, Lee H, Kang C, Cha M, Sohn ET, Jung ES, RahmanI AH ,Mirakabady AZ (2010) Enzymatic analysis of Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion venom using zymography and venom-specific antivenin. Toxicon. 56: 521–525.
Shahbazzadeh D, Amirkhani A, Djadid ND, Bigdeli S, Akbari A, Ahari H, Amini H, Dehghani R (2009) Epidemiologi- cal and clinical survey of scorpionism in Khuzestan province, Iran (2003). Toxicon.53: 454–459.
Shahbazzadeh D, Srairi-abid N, Feng W, Ram N, Borchani L, Ronjat M, Akbari A, Pessah IN, De waard M, El ayeb M (2007) Hemicalcin, a new toxin from the Iranian scorpion Hemiscorpius lepturus which is active on ryanodine- sensitive Ca2+ channels. Biochem J.404: 89–94.
Shapira MY, Haviv YS, Sviri S (1998) Second degree atrio-ventricular block and cardiotoxicity secondary to enven- omation by the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus (Yellow Scorpion')-an indication for serotherapy? Hum Exp Toxicol. 17: 541–543.
Shayesteh AA, Zamiri N, Peymani P, Zargani FJ, Lankarani KB (2011) A novel management method for dis- seminated intravascular coagulation like syndrome after a sting of Hemis- corpius lepturus: a case series. Trop Biomed. 28: 518–523.
Srairi-abid, N, Shahbazzadeh D, Chatti I,Mlayah-bellalouna S, Mejdoub H, Borchani L, Benkhalifa R, Akbari A, El ayeb M (2008) Hemitoxin, the first potassium channel toxin from the ven- om of the Iranian scorpion Hemis- corpius lepturus. FEBS J. 275: 4641–4650.
Tarasiuk A, Sofer S, Huberfeld SI, Scharf SM (1994) Hemodynamic effects fol- lowing injection of venom from the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus. J Crit Care. 9: 134–140.
Tavares F L, Sousa-e-silva MCC, Santoro M L, Barbaro KC, Rebecchi IMM, Sano- martins IS (2004) Changes in hema- tological, hemostatic and biochemical parameters induced experimentally in rabbits by Loxosceles gaucho spider venom. Hum Exp Toxicol. 23: 477–486. Teixeira A, Fontoura B, Freire-maia L, Machado C, Camargos E, Teixeira M (2001) Evidence for a direct action of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom on the cardiac muscle. Toxicon. 39: 703–709.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 9 No 2 (2015) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| Keywords | ||
| Hemiscorpius lepturus Contractility Arrhythmogenicity Envenomation | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
