Molecular Assay on Detection of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) Virus in Ixodid Ticks Collected from Livestock in Slaughterhouse from South of Iran
-
Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri
,
Hassan Vatandoost
,
Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi
,
Mehdi Fazlalipour
,
Mohammad Hassan Pouriayevali
,
Tahmineh Jalali
,
Tahereh Mohammadi
,
Mahsa Tavakoli
,
Azim Paksa
,
Yaser Salim Abadi
Abstract
Background: Ticks are vectors of a wide variety of pathogens that can be transmitted to humans, and tick-borne diseases are a significant public health issue worldwide. The present study was carried out on the hard tick infestation of livestock transported to Rafsanjan slaughter house in the southeast of Iran.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out biweekly from April to September 2016 to determine tick infestation of the meat-producing animals. All the livestock included in our study were thoroughly inspected for the presence of hard ticks on different parts of their bodies.
Results: A total of 258 hard ticks were collected from the body of livestock hosts. The ticks that were sampled were classified into two genera and five species: Hyalomma marginatum, Hy. anatolicum, Hy. asiaticum, Hy. dromedarii, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Hyalomma dromedarii was the most abundant species in the study area. More than 50 percent of the sampled ticks were collected from the body of camels brought to the slaughter house however molecular analysis showed no Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) virus infection in tick specimens. The Sex ratio of the sampled hard ticks shows that female tick infestation was more common among the study livestock.
Conclusion: Due to the crucial role of hard ticks in the transmission of different pathogens to humans, additional investigations are necessary to determine the risk of consumption of infested meat-producing animals in the study area.
1. Delpy L (1936) Notes sur les Ixodidés du genre Hyalomma (Koch) Ann Parasi¬tol Hum Comp. 14(3): 206–245.
2. Delpy L (1938) Les especes Iranienes du genre Haemaphysalis Koch 1844. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp. 16(1): 1–10.
3. Nabian S, Rahbari S (2008) Occurrence of soft and hard ticks on ruminants in Zag¬ros mountainous areas of Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2(1): 16–20.
4. Hoogstraal H, Valdez R (1980) Ticks (Ix-odoidea) from wild sheep and goats in Iran and medical and veterinary impli-cations. Fieldiana Zool. 6: 1–16.
5. Dehaghi MM, Fathi S, Asl EN, Nezhad HA (2011) Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle and sheep southeast of Iran. Trop Anim Health Pro. 43(2): 459–461.
6. Ganjali M, Dabirzadeh M, Sargolzaie M (2014) Species diversity and distribu-tion of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Zabol county, eastern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 8(2): 219–223.
7. Nabian S, Rahbari S, Shayan P, Haddad-zadeh HR (2007) Current status of tick fauna in north of Iran. Iran J Para-sitol. 2(1): 12–17.
8. Nasiri A, Telmadarraiy Z, Vatandoost H, Chinikar S, Moradi M, Oshaghi M (2010) Tick infestation rate of sheep and their distribution in Abdanan County, Ilam Province, Iran, 2007–2008. J Ar¬thro¬pod Borne Dis. 4(2): 56–60.
9. Rahbari S, Nabian S, Shayan P (2007) Pri-mary report on distribution of tick fau-na in Iran. Parasitol Res. 101(2): 175–157.
10. Rahbari S (1995) Studies on some eco-logical aspects of tick fauna of West Azarbayejan, Iran. J Appl Anim Res. 7: 189–194.
11. Telmadarraiy Z, Bahrami A,Vatandoost H (2004) A survey on sauna of ticks in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Iran J Publ Health. 33(4): 65–69.
12. Salim Abadi Y, Telmadarraiy Z, Vatandoost H, Chinikar S, Oshaghi M, Moradi M (2010) Hard ticks on domestic rumi¬nants and their seasonal population dy¬namics in Yazd Province, Iran. Iran J Ar¬thropod Borne Dis. 4(1): 66–71.
13. Vatandoost H, Ghaderi A, Javadian E, Zahir nia AH, Rassi Y, Piazak Y (2003) Dis¬tribution of soft ticks and their infec¬tion with Borrelia in Hamadan Prov¬ince, Iran. Iran J Publ Health. 32(1): 22–24.
14. Telmadarraiy Z, Chinikar S, Vatandoost H, Faghihi F, Hosseini-Chegeni A (2015) Vectors of Crimean Congo hem¬orrhagic fever virus in Iran. J Ar-thropod Borne Dis. 9(2): 137–147.
15. Whitehouse A (2004) Crimean-Congo hem¬orrhagic fever. Antiviral Res. 64(3): 145–160.
16. Salim-Abadi Y, Chinikar S, Telmadarraiy Z, Vatandoost H, Moradi M, Oshaghi MA (2011) Crimean-Congo hem¬or-rhag¬ic fever: a molecular survey on hard ticks (Ixodidae) in Yazd Province, Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 4(1): 61–63.
17. Moradi G, Piroozi B, Alinia C, Safari H, Nabavi M, Zeinali M, Ghanbri MK, Mohamadi Bolbanabad A, Zarei B, Gouya MM (2019) Incidence, mortal-ity, and burden of crimean congo hem-orrhagic fever and its geographical dis-tribution in Iran during 2009–2015. Iran J Public Health. 48(1): 44–52.
18. Walker AR, Bouattour A, Camicas JL, Es-trada-Pena A, Horak IG, Latif A, Pe-gram RG, Preston PM (2003) Ticks of domestic animals in Africa: A guide to identification of species. Bioscience Re¬ports, UK.
19. Aslani D, Salehi-Vaziri M, Baniasadi V, Jalali T, Azad-Manjiri S, Mohammadi T (2017) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever among children in Iran. Arch Vi-rol. 162(3): 721–725.
20. Choubdar N, Oshaghi MA, Rafinejad J, Pourmand MR, Maleki-Ravasan N, Salehi-Vaziri M ( 2019) Effect of me-teorological factors on Hyalomma spe-cies composition and their host pref-erence, seasonal prevalence and in¬fec-tion status to Crimean-Congo haem¬or-rhagic fever in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 13(3): 268–283.
21. Salari Lak S, Vatandoost H, Telmadarraiy Z, Entezar Mahdi R, Kia E (2008) Sea¬sonal activity of ticks and their im-portance in tick-borne infectious dis-eases in west Azerbaijan, Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2(2): 28–34.
22. Pasalary M, Arbabi M, Pashei S, Ab¬digou-darzi M (2017) Fauna of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and their seasonal infes¬ta-tion rate on Camelus dromedarius (Mam¬malia: Camelidae) in Masileh region, Qom Province, Iran. Persian J Acarol. 6(1): 31–37.
23. Apanaskevich DA, Schuster AL, Horak IG (2008) The Genus Hyalomma: VII. Re¬description of all Parasitic Stages of H. (Euhyalomma) dromedarii and H. (E.) schulzei (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med En¬tomol. 45(5): 817–831.
24. Gharbi M, Moussi N, Jedidi M, Mhadhbi M, Sassi L, Darghouth MA (2013) Pop¬ulation dynamics of ticks infesting the one-humped camel (Camelus drom¬e¬dar¬ius) in central Tunisia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis.4(6): 488–491.
25. Nazifi S, Tamadon A, Behzadi MA, Had-dadi S, Raayat-Jahromi AR (2011) One-Humped Camels (Camelus drom-e¬dar¬ies) Hard Ticks Infestation in Qeshm Island. Vet Res Forum. 2(2): 135–138.
26. Zeleke M, Bekele T (2004) Species of ticks on camels and their seasonal popu¬la¬tion dynamics in eastern Ethiopia. Trop Anim Hlth Prod. 36(3): 225–231.
27. Ebrahimzade E, Pazhoom F, Nabian S, Sha¬yan P, Bakhshani A (2014) Ticks fau¬na of sheep and goats in some suburbs of Mazandaran Province, Iran. Iran J Vet Med. 8(4): 275–279.
28. Hosseini-Vasoukolaei N, Telmadarraiy Z, Vatandoost H, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Hosseini Vasoukolaei M, Oshaghi MA (2010) Survey of tick species par¬a¬sit-ing domestic ruminants in Ghaemshahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 3(10): 804–806.
29. Razmi GR, Glinsharifodini M, Sarvi S (2007) Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in Mazandaran Province, Iran. Ko¬rean J Parasitol. 45(4): 307–310.
2. Delpy L (1938) Les especes Iranienes du genre Haemaphysalis Koch 1844. Ann Parasitol Hum Comp. 16(1): 1–10.
3. Nabian S, Rahbari S (2008) Occurrence of soft and hard ticks on ruminants in Zag¬ros mountainous areas of Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2(1): 16–20.
4. Hoogstraal H, Valdez R (1980) Ticks (Ix-odoidea) from wild sheep and goats in Iran and medical and veterinary impli-cations. Fieldiana Zool. 6: 1–16.
5. Dehaghi MM, Fathi S, Asl EN, Nezhad HA (2011) Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle and sheep southeast of Iran. Trop Anim Health Pro. 43(2): 459–461.
6. Ganjali M, Dabirzadeh M, Sargolzaie M (2014) Species diversity and distribu-tion of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Zabol county, eastern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 8(2): 219–223.
7. Nabian S, Rahbari S, Shayan P, Haddad-zadeh HR (2007) Current status of tick fauna in north of Iran. Iran J Para-sitol. 2(1): 12–17.
8. Nasiri A, Telmadarraiy Z, Vatandoost H, Chinikar S, Moradi M, Oshaghi M (2010) Tick infestation rate of sheep and their distribution in Abdanan County, Ilam Province, Iran, 2007–2008. J Ar¬thro¬pod Borne Dis. 4(2): 56–60.
9. Rahbari S, Nabian S, Shayan P (2007) Pri-mary report on distribution of tick fau-na in Iran. Parasitol Res. 101(2): 175–157.
10. Rahbari S (1995) Studies on some eco-logical aspects of tick fauna of West Azarbayejan, Iran. J Appl Anim Res. 7: 189–194.
11. Telmadarraiy Z, Bahrami A,Vatandoost H (2004) A survey on sauna of ticks in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Iran J Publ Health. 33(4): 65–69.
12. Salim Abadi Y, Telmadarraiy Z, Vatandoost H, Chinikar S, Oshaghi M, Moradi M (2010) Hard ticks on domestic rumi¬nants and their seasonal population dy¬namics in Yazd Province, Iran. Iran J Ar¬thropod Borne Dis. 4(1): 66–71.
13. Vatandoost H, Ghaderi A, Javadian E, Zahir nia AH, Rassi Y, Piazak Y (2003) Dis¬tribution of soft ticks and their infec¬tion with Borrelia in Hamadan Prov¬ince, Iran. Iran J Publ Health. 32(1): 22–24.
14. Telmadarraiy Z, Chinikar S, Vatandoost H, Faghihi F, Hosseini-Chegeni A (2015) Vectors of Crimean Congo hem¬orrhagic fever virus in Iran. J Ar-thropod Borne Dis. 9(2): 137–147.
15. Whitehouse A (2004) Crimean-Congo hem¬orrhagic fever. Antiviral Res. 64(3): 145–160.
16. Salim-Abadi Y, Chinikar S, Telmadarraiy Z, Vatandoost H, Moradi M, Oshaghi MA (2011) Crimean-Congo hem¬or-rhag¬ic fever: a molecular survey on hard ticks (Ixodidae) in Yazd Province, Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 4(1): 61–63.
17. Moradi G, Piroozi B, Alinia C, Safari H, Nabavi M, Zeinali M, Ghanbri MK, Mohamadi Bolbanabad A, Zarei B, Gouya MM (2019) Incidence, mortal-ity, and burden of crimean congo hem-orrhagic fever and its geographical dis-tribution in Iran during 2009–2015. Iran J Public Health. 48(1): 44–52.
18. Walker AR, Bouattour A, Camicas JL, Es-trada-Pena A, Horak IG, Latif A, Pe-gram RG, Preston PM (2003) Ticks of domestic animals in Africa: A guide to identification of species. Bioscience Re¬ports, UK.
19. Aslani D, Salehi-Vaziri M, Baniasadi V, Jalali T, Azad-Manjiri S, Mohammadi T (2017) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever among children in Iran. Arch Vi-rol. 162(3): 721–725.
20. Choubdar N, Oshaghi MA, Rafinejad J, Pourmand MR, Maleki-Ravasan N, Salehi-Vaziri M ( 2019) Effect of me-teorological factors on Hyalomma spe-cies composition and their host pref-erence, seasonal prevalence and in¬fec-tion status to Crimean-Congo haem¬or-rhagic fever in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 13(3): 268–283.
21. Salari Lak S, Vatandoost H, Telmadarraiy Z, Entezar Mahdi R, Kia E (2008) Sea¬sonal activity of ticks and their im-portance in tick-borne infectious dis-eases in west Azerbaijan, Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2(2): 28–34.
22. Pasalary M, Arbabi M, Pashei S, Ab¬digou-darzi M (2017) Fauna of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) and their seasonal infes¬ta-tion rate on Camelus dromedarius (Mam¬malia: Camelidae) in Masileh region, Qom Province, Iran. Persian J Acarol. 6(1): 31–37.
23. Apanaskevich DA, Schuster AL, Horak IG (2008) The Genus Hyalomma: VII. Re¬description of all Parasitic Stages of H. (Euhyalomma) dromedarii and H. (E.) schulzei (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med En¬tomol. 45(5): 817–831.
24. Gharbi M, Moussi N, Jedidi M, Mhadhbi M, Sassi L, Darghouth MA (2013) Pop¬ulation dynamics of ticks infesting the one-humped camel (Camelus drom¬e¬dar¬ius) in central Tunisia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis.4(6): 488–491.
25. Nazifi S, Tamadon A, Behzadi MA, Had-dadi S, Raayat-Jahromi AR (2011) One-Humped Camels (Camelus drom-e¬dar¬ies) Hard Ticks Infestation in Qeshm Island. Vet Res Forum. 2(2): 135–138.
26. Zeleke M, Bekele T (2004) Species of ticks on camels and their seasonal popu¬la¬tion dynamics in eastern Ethiopia. Trop Anim Hlth Prod. 36(3): 225–231.
27. Ebrahimzade E, Pazhoom F, Nabian S, Sha¬yan P, Bakhshani A (2014) Ticks fau¬na of sheep and goats in some suburbs of Mazandaran Province, Iran. Iran J Vet Med. 8(4): 275–279.
28. Hosseini-Vasoukolaei N, Telmadarraiy Z, Vatandoost H, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Hosseini Vasoukolaei M, Oshaghi MA (2010) Survey of tick species par¬a¬sit-ing domestic ruminants in Ghaemshahr County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 3(10): 804–806.
29. Razmi GR, Glinsharifodini M, Sarvi S (2007) Prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle in Mazandaran Province, Iran. Ko¬rean J Parasitol. 45(4): 307–310.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 3 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v14i3.4562 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Ticks Livestock Abattoir Rafsanjan Iran | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Salehi-Vaziri M, Vatandoost H, Sanei-Dehkordi A, Fazlalipour M, Pouriayevali MH, Jalali T, Mohammadi T, Tavakoli M, Paksa A, Salim Abadi Y. Molecular Assay on Detection of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) Virus in Ixodid Ticks Collected from Livestock in Slaughterhouse from South of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2020;14(3):286–292.
