A Comprehensive Database and Geographical Distribution Model of Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases in Ardabil Province, Borderline of Iran and Azerbaijan Republic 2001–2018
Abstract
Background: Vector borne diseases (VBDs) are the infectious diseases reported from all parts of the world and Iran. The main vectors of VBDs belong to the phylum of arthropod and insects. The aim of this study was providing the database of important VBDs and vectors and geographical distribution model in Ardabil, northwest of Iran.
Methods: This retrospective cross–sectional study was conducted from 2001–2018. All the earlier published studies, reports and documentations related to vectors and vector–borne diseases searched systematically as well as the data of diseases was collected from the Center for Disease Control (CDC) of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. ArcGIS 10.4.2 (http://www.esri.com/
arcgis) were used to spatial analysis mapping, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) index and high/low clustering.
Results: Totally 110076 cases of VBDs reported in Ardabil Province during the past 18 years including malaria, visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), tick–borne relapsing fever (TRF), pediculosis, scorpionism, scabies and anthrax. These diseases were transmitted in Ardabil Province by eight arthropod families, 19 genera and 70 spices of arthropods. Most species belonged to Culicidae with 24 species followed by Psycodidae with 22 and Ixodidae with 16 species. The incidence rate of VBDs was 63/100000 in 2001 which decreased to 7/100000 in 2010 and then increased to 21 /100000 in 2018.
Conclusion: The distribution model of the VBDs was plotted based on the geographical and ecological of the vectors will help the authorities for decision.
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16. Tol RS, Dowlatabadi H (2001) Vector–borne dis- eases, development and climate change. Integr Assess. 2(4): 173–181.
17. Reiter P(2001) Climate change and mosqui- to–borne disease. Environ Health Perspect. 109 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):141-61.
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19. Azari-Hamidian S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, E Javadian, Abai MR, Mobedi I, Linton Y-M, Harbach RE(2009) Distribution and ecology of mos- quitoes in a focus of dirofilariasis in northwestern Iran, with the first finding of filarial larvae in nat- urally infected local mosquitoes. Med Vet Ento- mol. 23(2):111-21.
20. Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Namazi J, Piazak N(2001) Bionomics of Anopheles sacharovi in Ar- debil Province, northwestern Iran during a larval control program. Acta Trop. 78(3):207-15.
21. Palaniyandi M, Anand P, Maniyosai R (2014) Cli- mate, landscape and the environments of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in India, using remote sensing and GIS. J Geophys Remote Sens. 3(3):1– 6.
22. Saraiva L, Gonçalves Leite C, Otávio Alves de Carvalho L, Dilermando An- drade Filho J, Carvalho de Menezes F, Oliveira Pires Fiúza V (2012) Information system and geographic information system tools in the data analyses of the control program for visceral leishmaniases from 2006 to 2010 in the Sanitary District of Venda Nova, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. J Trop Med. 2012:254361.
23. Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Ham- zavi Y, Mobedi I, Arshi S, Zarei Z, Akhoundi B, Manouchehri Naeini K, Avizeh R, Fakhar M(2005) Epide- miological aspects of canine visceral leishmanio- sis in the Islamic Rep ublic of Iran. Vet Parasitol. 129(3-4):243-51.
24. Norouzinezhad F, Ghaffari F, Norouzinejad A, Kaveh F, Gouya MM (2016) Cutaneous leish- maniasis in Iran: results from an epidemiological study in urban and rural provinces. Asia Paci J trop biomed. 6(7):614–9.
25. Papa A, Weber F, Hewson F, Weidmann M, Koksal I, Korukluoglu G, Mirazimi A (2015) Meeting re- port: first international conference on Crimean– Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res. 120:57- 65.
26. Dreshaj S, Ahmeti S, Rama- dani N, Dreshaj G, Humolli I, Dedu shaj I(2016) Current situation of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in Southeastern Europe and neighboring countries:a public health risk for the European Union?. Travel Med Infect Dis. 14(2):81-91.
27. Kasiri H (2009) Epidemiology of pediculus hu- manus capitis infestation and effective factors in elementary schools of girls Ahvaz city, 2005. Iran J Infect Dis Trop Med. 14(2):41–5.
28. Koch T, Brown M, Selim P, Isam C(2001) To- wards the eradication of head lice: literature re- view and research agenda. J Clin Nurs. 10(3):364- 71.
29. Abbasgholizadeh N, Moradi–Asl E, Adham D,- Soudi R,Ganji A,Brige H (2018) Prevalence of Head Lice Infestation (Pediculosis Capitis) Among Primary School Students in the Meshkin Shahr of Ardabil Province. Αmrican J Ped.4(4):94–9.
30. Moradi–Asl E, Hazrati S, Vatandoost H, Emdadi D, Ghorbani E, Ghasemian A (2018) Fauna and Larval Habitat Characteristics of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ardabil Province, North- western Iran. J Health. 9(3):259–66.
31. Azari-Hamidian S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Javadian E, Abai MR, Mobedi I, Linton Y M, Harbach R E(2009) Distribution and ecology of mos- quitoes in a focus of dirofilariasis in northwestern Iran, with the first finding of filarial larvae in nat- urally infected local mosquitoes. Med Vet Ento- mol. 23(2):111-21.
32. Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Namazi J, Piazak N (2001) Bionomics of Anopheles sacharovi in Ar- debil province, northwestern Iran during a larval control program. Acta Trop. 78(3):207-15.
33. Telmadarraiy Z, Ghiasi S M, Moradi M, Vatandoost H, Eshraghian MR, Faghihi F, Zarei Z, Haeri A, Chinikar S(2010) A survey of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever in livestock and ticks in Ardabil Province, Iran during 2004– 2005. Scand J Infect Dis. 42(2):137-41.
34. Mostafavi E, Bagheri Amiri F, Khakifirouz S, Es- maeili S, Kazemi–Lomedasht F (2016) Serologic Survey of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever among Sheep in Ardabil Province, Northwest Iran. J Med Microbio Infec Dis.4(1):16–9.
35. Vatandoost H, Moradi Asl E, Telmadarreiy Z, Mohebali M, Masoumi Asl H, Abai MR (2012) Field efficacy of flumethrin pour–on against livestock ticks in Iran. Inter J Acar- ol.38(6):457– 64.
36. Eslam Moradi Asl, Hassan Vatandoost, Zakie Telmadarreiy, Mehdi Mohebali, Mohammad Reza Abai (2018) Repellency effect of flumethrin pour–on formulation against vectors of Crime- an–Congo haemorrhagic fever. East Mediterr Health J. 24(11):1082-1087.
2. Sutherst RW(2004) Global change and hu- man vulnerability to vectorborne diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 17(1):136-73.
3. CampbellLendrum D, Man-ga L, Bagayoko M,Sommerfeld J(2015) Climate change and vector– borne dis- eases: what are the implications for public health research and policy? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 370(1665):20130552.
4. World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) A global brief on vector–borne diseases. Avail- able at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/han- dle/10665/111008/WHO_DCO?sequence=1.
5. World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) In- vesting to overcome the global impact of ne- glected tropical diseases: third WHO report on neglected tropical diseases. Available at: https:// apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/152781.
6. World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) Vir- ginia Health Department. Vector–borne Disease control. Available at: http://www.vdh.stat–.va.us/ epidemiology/dee/vectorborne.
7. Kafil HF (2017) Malaria in Iran: Is the elimina- tion phase? Ann Trop Med Public Health. 10 (4). https://www.atmph.org/text.asp?2017/10/4/1062.
8. World Health Organization (WHO) (2012). Vec- tor Borne Diseases–Dengue. Available at: http:// www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs387/en/ index2.html/.
9. Piroozi B, Moradi G, Alinia C, Mohamadi P, Gouya MM, Nabavi M (2019) Incidence, burden, and trend of cutaneous leishmaniasis over four decades in Iran. Iran J Public Health. 48(Supple 1): 28–35.
10. Service M (2014) Medical Entomology for Stu- dents. Vol.1.Cambridge University Press,London. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511811012.
11. Mohebali M, Moradi-Asl M, Rassi Y(2018) Geo- graphic distribution and spatial analysis of Leish- mania infantum infection in domestic and wild animal reservoir hosts of zoonotic visceral leish- maniasis in Iran: A systematic review. J Vector Borne Dis. 55(3):173-183.
12. Moradiasl E, Habibzadeh S, Rafinejad J, Abazari M, Ahari SS, Saghafipour A (2018) Risk factors associated with head lice (pediculosis) infestation among elementary school students in Meshkin- shahr county, North West of Iran. Inter J Pediat. 6(3): 7383–7392.
13. Moradi-Asl E, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Rassi Y, Vatandoost H, Mohebali M, Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi, Shah- ram Habibzadeh, Sadegh Hazrati, Sayena Rafizadeh (2017) Situational analysis of visceral leishmaniasis in the most important endemic area of the disease in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 11(4):482-496.
14. Rivero A, Vézilier J, Weill M, Read A F, Gandon S(2010) Insecti- cide control of vector– borne diseases: when is insecticide resistance a problem?. PLoS Pathog. 6(8):e1001000.
15. Blayneh K, Cao Y, Kwon HD (2009) Optimal control of vector–borne diseases: treatment and prevention. Discrete Contin Dyn Syst. 11(3): 587–611.
16. Tol RS, Dowlatabadi H (2001) Vector–borne dis- eases, development and climate change. Integr Assess. 2(4): 173–181.
17. Reiter P(2001) Climate change and mosqui- to–borne disease. Environ Health Perspect. 109 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):141-61.
18. Minahan JB (2016) Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World. 4: 225–229.
19. Azari-Hamidian S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, E Javadian, Abai MR, Mobedi I, Linton Y-M, Harbach RE(2009) Distribution and ecology of mos- quitoes in a focus of dirofilariasis in northwestern Iran, with the first finding of filarial larvae in nat- urally infected local mosquitoes. Med Vet Ento- mol. 23(2):111-21.
20. Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Namazi J, Piazak N(2001) Bionomics of Anopheles sacharovi in Ar- debil Province, northwestern Iran during a larval control program. Acta Trop. 78(3):207-15.
21. Palaniyandi M, Anand P, Maniyosai R (2014) Cli- mate, landscape and the environments of visceral leishmaniasis transmission in India, using remote sensing and GIS. J Geophys Remote Sens. 3(3):1– 6.
22. Saraiva L, Gonçalves Leite C, Otávio Alves de Carvalho L, Dilermando An- drade Filho J, Carvalho de Menezes F, Oliveira Pires Fiúza V (2012) Information system and geographic information system tools in the data analyses of the control program for visceral leishmaniases from 2006 to 2010 in the Sanitary District of Venda Nova, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. J Trop Med. 2012:254361.
23. Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Ham- zavi Y, Mobedi I, Arshi S, Zarei Z, Akhoundi B, Manouchehri Naeini K, Avizeh R, Fakhar M(2005) Epide- miological aspects of canine visceral leishmanio- sis in the Islamic Rep ublic of Iran. Vet Parasitol. 129(3-4):243-51.
24. Norouzinezhad F, Ghaffari F, Norouzinejad A, Kaveh F, Gouya MM (2016) Cutaneous leish- maniasis in Iran: results from an epidemiological study in urban and rural provinces. Asia Paci J trop biomed. 6(7):614–9.
25. Papa A, Weber F, Hewson F, Weidmann M, Koksal I, Korukluoglu G, Mirazimi A (2015) Meeting re- port: first international conference on Crimean– Congo hemorrhagic fever. Antiviral Res. 120:57- 65.
26. Dreshaj S, Ahmeti S, Rama- dani N, Dreshaj G, Humolli I, Dedu shaj I(2016) Current situation of Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever in Southeastern Europe and neighboring countries:a public health risk for the European Union?. Travel Med Infect Dis. 14(2):81-91.
27. Kasiri H (2009) Epidemiology of pediculus hu- manus capitis infestation and effective factors in elementary schools of girls Ahvaz city, 2005. Iran J Infect Dis Trop Med. 14(2):41–5.
28. Koch T, Brown M, Selim P, Isam C(2001) To- wards the eradication of head lice: literature re- view and research agenda. J Clin Nurs. 10(3):364- 71.
29. Abbasgholizadeh N, Moradi–Asl E, Adham D,- Soudi R,Ganji A,Brige H (2018) Prevalence of Head Lice Infestation (Pediculosis Capitis) Among Primary School Students in the Meshkin Shahr of Ardabil Province. Αmrican J Ped.4(4):94–9.
30. Moradi–Asl E, Hazrati S, Vatandoost H, Emdadi D, Ghorbani E, Ghasemian A (2018) Fauna and Larval Habitat Characteristics of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ardabil Province, North- western Iran. J Health. 9(3):259–66.
31. Azari-Hamidian S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Javadian E, Abai MR, Mobedi I, Linton Y M, Harbach R E(2009) Distribution and ecology of mos- quitoes in a focus of dirofilariasis in northwestern Iran, with the first finding of filarial larvae in nat- urally infected local mosquitoes. Med Vet Ento- mol. 23(2):111-21.
32. Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Namazi J, Piazak N (2001) Bionomics of Anopheles sacharovi in Ar- debil province, northwestern Iran during a larval control program. Acta Trop. 78(3):207-15.
33. Telmadarraiy Z, Ghiasi S M, Moradi M, Vatandoost H, Eshraghian MR, Faghihi F, Zarei Z, Haeri A, Chinikar S(2010) A survey of Crimean–Congo haemorrhagic fever in livestock and ticks in Ardabil Province, Iran during 2004– 2005. Scand J Infect Dis. 42(2):137-41.
34. Mostafavi E, Bagheri Amiri F, Khakifirouz S, Es- maeili S, Kazemi–Lomedasht F (2016) Serologic Survey of Crimean–Congo Haemorrhagic Fever among Sheep in Ardabil Province, Northwest Iran. J Med Microbio Infec Dis.4(1):16–9.
35. Vatandoost H, Moradi Asl E, Telmadarreiy Z, Mohebali M, Masoumi Asl H, Abai MR (2012) Field efficacy of flumethrin pour–on against livestock ticks in Iran. Inter J Acar- ol.38(6):457– 64.
36. Eslam Moradi Asl, Hassan Vatandoost, Zakie Telmadarreiy, Mehdi Mohebali, Mohammad Reza Abai (2018) Repellency effect of flumethrin pour–on formulation against vectors of Crime- an–Congo haemorrhagic fever. East Mediterr Health J. 24(11):1082-1087.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 15 No 3 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i3.9816 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Vectors; Vector borne diseases; Geographical model; Ardabil; Iran | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Adham D, Vatandoost H, Moradi–Asl E. A Comprehensive Database and Geographical Distribution Model of Vectors and Vector Borne Diseases in Ardabil Province, Borderline of Iran and Azerbaijan Republic 2001–2018. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2021;15(3):287-299.
