Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogeny of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) Virus of Ixodid Ticks in Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran
-
Hossein Maghsood
,
Sedigheh Nabian
,
Parviz Shayan
,
Tahmineh Jalali
,
Meysam Saboor Darbandi
,
Mohammad Mehdi Ranjbar
Abstract
Background: Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a fatal disease caused by Nairovirus classified within the Bunyaviridae family. The virus is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected ticks or direct contact with viremic animals or humans. The current study aimed to detect the virus genome in ticks from Khorasan Razavi Province.
Methods: One hundred hard ticks were collected randomly from 100 sheep in four different areas of the province. Collected ticks were kept alive and identified. All the ticks were analyzed for the presence of CCHF virus genome using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR).
Results: The identified ticks were belonging to Hyalomma marginatum (16% female and 6% male), Rhipicephalus turanicus (52% female and 25% male), and Dermacentor raskemensis (1%). The CCHF virus genome was found in Hyalomma marginatum (5% male from Taibad and Sabzevar region and 1% female from Taibad). Genetic analysis of the virus genome isolated from two regions (Sabzevar and Taibad) showed 100% identity.
Conclusion: This study indicated that CCHF should be regarded as a risk-borne infection in this province. Therefore, special health management is needed to control this disease.
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2. Estrada-Pena A, Palomar AM, Santibanez P, Sanchez N, Habela MA, Portillo A, Romero L, Oteo JA (2012) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks, Southwestern Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 18(1): 179–180.
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18. Chinikar S, Ghiasi SM, Naddaf S, Piazak N, Moradi M, Razavi MR, Afzali N, Haeri A, Mostafavizadeh K, Ataei B (2012) Serological evaluation of Cri-mean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in hu-mans with high-risk professions living in enzootic regions of Isfahan Prov¬ince of Iran and genetic analysis of circulating strains. Vector Borne Zoon-otic Dis. 12(9): 733–738.
19. Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013) MEGA6: molecu-lar evolutionary genetics analysis ver-sion 6.0. Mol Biol Evol. 30(12): 2725–2729.
20. Tahmasebi F, Ghiasi SM, Mostafavi E, Mo¬radi M, Piazak N, Mozafari A, Haeri A, Fooks A, Chinikar S (2010) Molec¬ular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus genome iso¬lat¬ed from ticks of Hamadan Province of Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 47(4): 211–216.
21. Telmadarraiy Z, Ghiasi SM, Moradi M, Vatan¬doost H, Eshraghian MR, Fagh-ihi F, Zarei Z, Haeri A, Chinikar S (2010) A survey of Crimean-Congo haem¬orrhagic fever in livestock and ticks in Ardabil Province, Iran during 2004–2005. Scand J Infect Dis. 42(2): 137–141.
22. Garcia S, Chinikar S, Coudrier D, Billecocq A, Hooshmand B, Crance J, Garin D, Bouloy M (2006) Evaluation of a Cri¬mean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus re¬combinant antigen expressed by Sem¬liki Forest suicide virus for IgM and IgG antibody detection in human and animal sera collected in Iran. J Clin Vi¬rol. 35(2): 154–159.
23. Telmadarraiy Z, Moradi A, Vatandoost H, Mostafavi E, Oshaghi M, Zahirnia A, Haeri A, Chinikar S (2008) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a seroepi¬de-mi¬ological and molecular survey in Bahar, Hamadan Province of Iran. Asian J Anim Veter Adv. 3(5): 321–327.
24. Asefi V (1974) Clinical study of 60 pa-tients with infectious and hemorrhagic syndromes in Azerbaijan (Iran). Iran J Pub Health. 3(3): 140–146
25. Ardoin A, Karimi Y (1982) A focus of thrombocytopenic purpura in East Azer¬baidjan Province, Iran (1974–75). Med Trop. 42: 319–326.
26. Chinikar S, Ghiasi S, Mirahmadi R, Goya M, Moradi M, Afzali N, Zeinali M, Feldmann H, Bouloy M (2008) Trend of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Iran in Recent Years. Int J Infect Dis. 12: 324–325.
27. Yaser SA, Sadegh C, Zakkyeh T, Hassan V, Maryam M, Ali OM, Mojtaba GS (2011) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fe¬ver: a molecular survey on hard ticks (Ixodidae) in Yazd Province, Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 4(1): 61–63.
28. Ghorbani E, Chinikar S, Bahmani M (2010) Molecular analysis and se-quence of the small RNA segment of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) in iran. J Biol Iran. 22(4): 704–710.
2. Estrada-Pena A, Palomar AM, Santibanez P, Sanchez N, Habela MA, Portillo A, Romero L, Oteo JA (2012) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks, Southwestern Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 18(1): 179–180.
3. Donets M, Chumakov M, Korolev M, Ru-bin S (1977) Physicochemical charac-teristics, morphology and morpho¬gen-esis of virions of the causative agent of Crimean hemorrhagic fever. In¬tervi-rology. 8: 294–308.
4. Martin ML, Lindsey-Regnery H, Sasso DR, McCormick J, Palmer E (1985) Dis¬tinction between Bunyaviridae genera by surface structure and comparison with Hantaan virus using negative stain electron microscopy. Arch Virol. 86(1): 17–28.
5. Drosten C, Minnak D, Emmerich P, Schmitz H, Reinicke T (2002) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Kosovo. J Clin Microbiol. 40: 1122–1123.
6. Hewson R, Chamberlain J, Mioulet V, Lloyd G, Jamil B, Hasan R, Gmyl A, Gmyl L, Smirnova S, Lukashev A (2004) Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus: sequence analysis of the small RNA segments from a collection of viruses worldwide. Virus Res. 102: 185–189.
7. Zavitsanou A, Babatsikou F, Koutis C (2009) Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever: an emerging tick-borne disease. Health Sci¬ence J. 3(1): 10–18.
8. Chinikar S, Ghiasi SM, Hewson R, Moradi M, Haeri A (2010a) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran and neigh-boring countries. J Clin Virol. 47(2): 110–114.
9. Hoogstraal H (1979) The Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Crimean-Congo Hemor-rhag¬ic Fever in Asia, Europe, and Af¬-
rica. J Med Entomol. 15(4): 307–417.
10. Saidi S, Casals J, Faghih M (1975) Cri-mean hemorrhagic fever-Congo (CHF-C) virus antibodies in man, and in domestic and small mammals, in Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 24(2): 353–357.
11. Sureau P, Klein J, Casals J, Digoutte J, Salaun J, Piazak N, Calvo M (1980) Isolation of Thogoto, Wad Medani, Wanowrie and Crimean-Congo haem-orrhagic fever viruses from ticks of domestic animals in Iran. Ann Virol (Inst Pasteur). 131: 185–200.
12. Chinikar S, Persson SM, Johansson M, Bladh L, Goya M, Houshmand B, Mirazi¬mi A, Plyusnin A, Lundkvist A, Nilsson M (2004) Genetic analysis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever vi-rus in Iran. J Med Virol. 73: 404–411.
13. Papa A, Bozovi B, Pavlidou V, Papadimitri¬ou E, Pelemis M, Antoniadis A (2002) Genetic detection and isolation of Cri¬mean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, Kosovo. Emerging infectious diseases. 8(8): 852–854.
14. Whitehouse CA (2004) Crimean-Congo hem¬orrhagic fever. Antiviral Res. 64 (3): 145–160.
15. Chinikar S, Ghiasi SM, Moradi M, Goya MM, Shirzadi MR, Zeinali M, Mesh-kat M, Bouloy M (2010b) Geograph-ical distribution and surveillance of Cri¬mean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in Iran. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 10(7): 705–708.
16. Estrada-Pena A, Bouattour A, Camicas JL, Walker AR (2004) Zaragoza: Univer¬sity of Zaragoza. Ticks of domestic an¬imals in Mediterranean Region: a guide to identification of species, pp. 43–131.
17. Moming A, Yue X, Shen SH, Chang Ch, Wang Ch, Luo TL Rong Guo, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Deng F, Sun S (2018) Prev-alence and phylogenetic analysis of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever vi-rus in ticks from different ecosystems in Xinjiang, China. Virol Sin. 33(1): 67–73.
18. Chinikar S, Ghiasi SM, Naddaf S, Piazak N, Moradi M, Razavi MR, Afzali N, Haeri A, Mostafavizadeh K, Ataei B (2012) Serological evaluation of Cri-mean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in hu-mans with high-risk professions living in enzootic regions of Isfahan Prov¬ince of Iran and genetic analysis of circulating strains. Vector Borne Zoon-otic Dis. 12(9): 733–738.
19. Tamura K, Stecher G, Peterson D, Filipski A, Kumar S (2013) MEGA6: molecu-lar evolutionary genetics analysis ver-sion 6.0. Mol Biol Evol. 30(12): 2725–2729.
20. Tahmasebi F, Ghiasi SM, Mostafavi E, Mo¬radi M, Piazak N, Mozafari A, Haeri A, Fooks A, Chinikar S (2010) Molec¬ular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus genome iso¬lat¬ed from ticks of Hamadan Province of Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 47(4): 211–216.
21. Telmadarraiy Z, Ghiasi SM, Moradi M, Vatan¬doost H, Eshraghian MR, Fagh-ihi F, Zarei Z, Haeri A, Chinikar S (2010) A survey of Crimean-Congo haem¬orrhagic fever in livestock and ticks in Ardabil Province, Iran during 2004–2005. Scand J Infect Dis. 42(2): 137–141.
22. Garcia S, Chinikar S, Coudrier D, Billecocq A, Hooshmand B, Crance J, Garin D, Bouloy M (2006) Evaluation of a Cri¬mean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus re¬combinant antigen expressed by Sem¬liki Forest suicide virus for IgM and IgG antibody detection in human and animal sera collected in Iran. J Clin Vi¬rol. 35(2): 154–159.
23. Telmadarraiy Z, Moradi A, Vatandoost H, Mostafavi E, Oshaghi M, Zahirnia A, Haeri A, Chinikar S (2008) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a seroepi¬de-mi¬ological and molecular survey in Bahar, Hamadan Province of Iran. Asian J Anim Veter Adv. 3(5): 321–327.
24. Asefi V (1974) Clinical study of 60 pa-tients with infectious and hemorrhagic syndromes in Azerbaijan (Iran). Iran J Pub Health. 3(3): 140–146
25. Ardoin A, Karimi Y (1982) A focus of thrombocytopenic purpura in East Azer¬baidjan Province, Iran (1974–75). Med Trop. 42: 319–326.
26. Chinikar S, Ghiasi S, Mirahmadi R, Goya M, Moradi M, Afzali N, Zeinali M, Feldmann H, Bouloy M (2008) Trend of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) in Iran in Recent Years. Int J Infect Dis. 12: 324–325.
27. Yaser SA, Sadegh C, Zakkyeh T, Hassan V, Maryam M, Ali OM, Mojtaba GS (2011) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fe¬ver: a molecular survey on hard ticks (Ixodidae) in Yazd Province, Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 4(1): 61–63.
28. Ghorbani E, Chinikar S, Bahmani M (2010) Molecular analysis and se-quence of the small RNA segment of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) in iran. J Biol Iran. 22(4): 704–710.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 14 No 4 (2020) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v14i4.5277 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever; Ixodid ticks; Khorasan Razavi Province | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Maghsood H, Nabian S, Shayan P, Jalali T, Saboor Darbandi M, Ranjbar MM. Molecular Epidemiology and Phylogeny of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) Virus of Ixodid Ticks in Khorasan Razavi Province of Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2021;14(4):400–407.
