A Review on Important Zoonotic Bacterial Tick-Borne Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
-
Manijeh Yousefi Behzadi
,
Ehsan Mostafavi
,
Mahdi Rohani
,
Ali Mohamadi
,
Mozhgan Ahmadinezhad
,
Neda Moazzezy
,
Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi
,
Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh
Abstract
Background: Zoonotic diseases as health concerns worldwide account for more than half of the emerging infectious diseases. Arachnids are powerful vectors to transmit several diseases to humans. Additionally, these emerging zoonotic diseases have been a considerable health threat in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the WHO (EMRO) due to the large population living close to farms and international trade with nearby countries.
Methods: This review study is based on the reported three tick-borne diseases, Lyme disease, Tularemia, and Q fever, from Iran and other EMRO countries. To this end, we searched PubMed central, ISI web of Science, and Google with the related keywords in English at any time. The reported data are then sorted by countries for each disease.
Results: According to the published data, 15 countries in the region have one/more emerging infectious diseases. Q fever has been the most frequent infection in EMRO countries, while Lyme was less recorded. Furthermore, Iran is among the countries with documented history of all three investigated diseases.
Conclusion: Tick-borne disease is popular among EMRO countries, indicating that they have natural conditions for infections in animals and humans. It appears necessary to develop a disease management strategy and control programs against tick-borne diseases (TBDs). Moreover, the disease-resistant animal could be bred instead of susceptible livestock. Therefore, research studies to control TBDs should be regarded as a top priority plan.
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34. Zellner B, Huntley JF (2019) Ticks and Tularemia: Do we know what we don’t know? Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 9:146
35. Knap N, Žele D, Glinšek Biškup U, Avšič-Županc T, Vengušt G (2019) The prevalence of Coxiella burnetii in ticks and animals in Slovenia. BMC Vet Res. 15(1):368.
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37. Grimm D, Tilly K, Bueschel DM, Fisher MA, Policastro PF, Gherardini FC, et al (2005) Defining plasmids required by Borrelia burgdorferi for colonization of tick vector Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae). J Med Entomol. 42(4):676-84.
38. Kung F, Anguita J, Pal U (2013) Borrelia burgdorferi and tick proteins supporting pathogen persistence in the vector. Future Microbiol. 8(1):41-56.
39. SJÖSTEDT A (2007) Tularemia: history, epidemiology, pathogen physiology, and clinical manifestations. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1105(1):1-
40. Maurin M (2015) Francisella tularensis as a potential agent of bioterrorism? Expert Rev Anti-infect Ther. 13(2):141-144.
41. Maurin M, Gyuranecz M (2016) Tularaemia: clinical aspects in Europe. Lancet Infect Dis. 16(1):113-124.
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43. Hepburn MJ, Simpson AJH (2008) Tularemia: current diagnosis and treatment options. Expert Rev Anti-infect Ther. 6(2):231-240.
44. Mörner T (1992)The ecology of tularaemia. Rev Sci Tech. 11(4):1123-1130.
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 15 No 3 (2021) | |
| Section | Review Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i3.9814 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Tick-borne diseases; Tularemia; Lyme; Q fever; Mediterranean Region; Iran | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Behzadi MY, Mostafavi E, Rohani M, Mohamadi A, Ahmadinezhad M, Moazzezy N, Shams-Ghahfarokhi M, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M. A Review on Important Zoonotic Bacterial Tick-Borne Diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2021;15(3):265-277.
