Level of Pyrethroid-resistance Associated with Cytochrome P450 Expression in German Cockroach Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) in the Field Collected Strains
Abstract
Background: Cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases are a very important metabolic system involve in insecticide resistance. This study was conducted to find the association between the expression level of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and permethrin-resistance level among four strains of the German cockroach Blattella germanica (L) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae).
Methods: Three field strains of German cockroach with different frequency of exposure to pesticides, and a laboratory susceptible strain were used in the present study. Insecticide susceptibility bioassays were carried out to detect resistance to permethrin. The concentration of CYP450 in each strain was determined using ion-exchange HPLC chromatography. Biochemical assays was performed to analyse CYP450 activities.
Results: The resistance ratios (RR) to permethrin among three field strains were 3.29, 4.10 and 6.17-fold comping with the susceptible stain. The CYP450 activity of three field strains was 1.6, 2.4 and 2.7 times higher than in the susceptible stain. The amount of CYP450 per mg of protein was significantly different between the susceptible and the three resistant strains. The resistant cockroaches showed a relatively high expression of CYP450 enzymes. A strong correlation was found between permethrin resistance level and total concentration of CYP450 enzymes.
Conclusion: The results of current study show that more frequent usage of a pyrethroid insecticide cause the metabolic insecticide resistance to rise in German cockroach. Therefore, there is a ratio correlation between resistance level and monooxygenases activities in insect. Thus, the control program must be managed according to history of pesticide usage.
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6. Moss JI, Patterson RS, Koehler PG (1992) Detection of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattelli-dae) with glue-toxin traps. J Econ Ento-mol. 85(5): 1601–1605.
7. Lee CY, Hemingway J, Yap HH, Chong NL (2000) Biochemical characterization of in-secticide resistance in the German cock-roach, Blattella germanica, from Malay-sia. Med Vet Entomol. 14(1): 11–18.
8. Chai RY, Lee CY (2010) Insecticide re-sistance profiles and synergism in field populations of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Singapore. J Econ Entomol. 103(2): 460–471.
9. Limoee M, Enayati AA, Khassi K, Salimi M, Ladonni H (2011) Insecticide resistance and synergism of three field-collected strains of the German cockroach Blattel-la germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattelli-dae) from hospitals in Kermanshah, Iran. Trop Biomed. 28(1): 111–118.
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11. Berge JB, Feyereisen R, Amichot M (1998) Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and insecticide resistance in insects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 353(1376): 1701–1705.
12. Claudianos C, Ranson H, Johnson RM, Biswas S, Schuler MA, Berenbaum MR (2006) A deficit of detoxification enzymes: pesticide sensitivity and environmental response in the honeybee. Insect Mol Bi-ol. 15(5): 615–636.
13. Scharf ME, Neal JJ, Marcus CB, Bennett GW (1998) Cytochrome P450 purifica-tion and immunological detection in an insecticide resistant strain of German cockroach (Blattella germanica, L.). In-sect Biochem Mol Biol. 28(1): 1–9.
14. Valles SM (1998) Toxicological and bio-chemical studies with field populations of the German cockroach, Blattella german-ica. Pest Biochem Physiol. 62: 190–200.
15. Valles SM, Dong K, Brenner R (2000) Mechanisms responsible for cypermethrin resistance in a strain of German cock-roach, Blattella germanica. Pest Biochem Physiol. 66: 195–205.
16. Iga M, Kataoka H (2012) Recent studies on insect hormone metabolic pathways mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Biol Pharm Bull. 35(6): 838-843.
17. Scott JG, Liu N, Wen Z (1998) Insect cy-tochromes P450: diversity, insecticide resistance and tolerance to plant toxins. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Tox-icol Endocrinol. 121(1–3): 147–155.
18. Huang Y, Jiang HB, Shen GM, Dou W, Wang JJ (2012) Molecular characteriza-tions of two cytochrome P450 genes en-coding CYP6A41 and CYP6EK1 from the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Dip-tera: Tephritidae). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 79(1): 31–46.
19. Chen J, Li C, Yang Z (2015) Identification and expression of two novel cytochrome P450 genes, CYP6CV1 and CYP9A38, in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J Iinsect Sci. 15(1): 50–55.
20. Wei Y, Appel AG, Moar WJ, Liu N (2001) Pyrethroid resistance and cross-resistance in the Germancockroach, Blattella german-ica (L.). Pest Manag Sci. 57: 1055–1059.
21. Ma K, Tang Q, Zhang B, Liang P, Wang B, Gao X (2019) Overexpression of mul-tiple cytochrome P450 genes associated with sulfoxaflor resistance in Aphis goss-ypii Glover. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 157: 204–210.
22. Enayati AA, Motevalli Haghi F (2007) Biochemistry of pyrethroid resistance in German cockroach (Dictyoptera, Blatelli-dae) from hospitals of Sari, Iran. Iran Bi-omed J. 11(4): 251–258.
23. Ladonni H (2001) Evaluation of three meth-ods for detecting permethrin resistance in adult and nymphal Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ Ento-mol. 94(3): 694–697.
24. Penilla NR, Rodríguez A, Hemingway J, Trejo A, López A, Rodríguez M (2007) Cytochrome P450-based resistance mech-anism and pyrethroid resistance in the field Anopheles albimanus resistance manage-ment trial. Pest Biochem Physiol. 89: 111–117.
25. Scott JG (1999) Cytochromes P450 and insecticide resistance. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 29(9): 757–777.
26. Liu N, Li M, Gong Y, Liu F, Li T (2015) Cytochrome P450s-Their expression, regu-lation, and role in insecticide resistance. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 120: 77–81.
27. Yang CL, Zhu HY, Zhang F (2019) Com-parative Proteomics Analysis between the Short-Term Stress and Long-Term Ad-aptation of the Blattella germanica (Blat-todea: Blattellidae) in Response to Beta-Cypermethrin. J Econ Entomol. 112(3): 1396–1402.
28. Gong Y, Li T, Zhang L, Gao X, Liu N (2013) Permethrin induction of multiple cytochrome P450 genes in insecticide re-sistant mosquitoes, Culex quinquefascia-tus. Int J Biol Sci. 9(9): 863–871.
29. Li CX, Guo XX, Zhang YM, Dong YD, Xing D, Yan T (2016) Identification of genes involved in pyrethroid-, propoxur-, and dichlorvos- insecticides resistance in the mosquitoes, Culex pipiens com-plex (Diptera: Culicidae). Acta Trop. 157: 84–95.
30. Jensen K, Ko AE, Schal C, Silverman J (2016) Insecticide resistance and nutri-tion interactively shape life-history pa-rameters in German cockroaches. Sci Rep. 6: 28731.
31. Zhang H, Zhao M, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Guo J (2018) Identification of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes and their expres-sion in response to high temperature in the alligatorweed flea beetle Agasicles hygrophila (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Sci Rep. 8(1): 17847.
32. World Health Organization (WHO) (2006) Pesticide and their application for the con-trol of vectors and pests of public health importance. WHO, p. 125.
2. Menasria T, Moussa F, El-Hamza S, Tine S, Megri R, Chenchouni H (2014) Bac-terial load of German cockroach (Blat-tella germanica) found in hospital envi-ronment. Pathog Glob Health. 108(3): 141–147.
3. Page K, Lierl KM, Herman N, Wills-Karp M (2007) Differences in susceptibility to German cockroach frass and its associ-ated proteases in induced allergic inflam-mation in mice. Respir Res. 8: 91–97.
4. Page K, Ledford JR, Zhou P, Wills-Karp M (2009) A TLR2 agonist in German cock-roach frass activates MMP-9 release and is protective against allergic inflamma-tion in mice. J Immun. 183(5): 3400–3408.
5. Birrueta G, Frazier A, Pomes A, Glesner J, Filep S, Schal C (2019) Variability in German Cockroach Extract Composition Greatly Impacts T Cell Potency in Cock-roach-Allergic Donors. Front Immunol. 2(10): 313–318.
6. Moss JI, Patterson RS, Koehler PG (1992) Detection of insecticide resistance in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattelli-dae) with glue-toxin traps. J Econ Ento-mol. 85(5): 1601–1605.
7. Lee CY, Hemingway J, Yap HH, Chong NL (2000) Biochemical characterization of in-secticide resistance in the German cock-roach, Blattella germanica, from Malay-sia. Med Vet Entomol. 14(1): 11–18.
8. Chai RY, Lee CY (2010) Insecticide re-sistance profiles and synergism in field populations of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Singapore. J Econ Entomol. 103(2): 460–471.
9. Limoee M, Enayati AA, Khassi K, Salimi M, Ladonni H (2011) Insecticide resistance and synergism of three field-collected strains of the German cockroach Blattel-la germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattelli-dae) from hospitals in Kermanshah, Iran. Trop Biomed. 28(1): 111–118.
10. Hou W, Jiang C, Zhou X, Qian K, Wang L, Shen Y (201) Increased expression of p-glycoprotein is associated with chlorpyr-ifos resistance in the german cockroach (blattodea: blattellidae). J Econ Entomol. 109(6): 2500–2555.
11. Berge JB, Feyereisen R, Amichot M (1998) Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and insecticide resistance in insects. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 353(1376): 1701–1705.
12. Claudianos C, Ranson H, Johnson RM, Biswas S, Schuler MA, Berenbaum MR (2006) A deficit of detoxification enzymes: pesticide sensitivity and environmental response in the honeybee. Insect Mol Bi-ol. 15(5): 615–636.
13. Scharf ME, Neal JJ, Marcus CB, Bennett GW (1998) Cytochrome P450 purifica-tion and immunological detection in an insecticide resistant strain of German cockroach (Blattella germanica, L.). In-sect Biochem Mol Biol. 28(1): 1–9.
14. Valles SM (1998) Toxicological and bio-chemical studies with field populations of the German cockroach, Blattella german-ica. Pest Biochem Physiol. 62: 190–200.
15. Valles SM, Dong K, Brenner R (2000) Mechanisms responsible for cypermethrin resistance in a strain of German cock-roach, Blattella germanica. Pest Biochem Physiol. 66: 195–205.
16. Iga M, Kataoka H (2012) Recent studies on insect hormone metabolic pathways mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Biol Pharm Bull. 35(6): 838-843.
17. Scott JG, Liu N, Wen Z (1998) Insect cy-tochromes P450: diversity, insecticide resistance and tolerance to plant toxins. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Tox-icol Endocrinol. 121(1–3): 147–155.
18. Huang Y, Jiang HB, Shen GM, Dou W, Wang JJ (2012) Molecular characteriza-tions of two cytochrome P450 genes en-coding CYP6A41 and CYP6EK1 from the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Dip-tera: Tephritidae). Arch Insect Biochem Physiol. 79(1): 31–46.
19. Chen J, Li C, Yang Z (2015) Identification and expression of two novel cytochrome P450 genes, CYP6CV1 and CYP9A38, in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J Iinsect Sci. 15(1): 50–55.
20. Wei Y, Appel AG, Moar WJ, Liu N (2001) Pyrethroid resistance and cross-resistance in the Germancockroach, Blattella german-ica (L.). Pest Manag Sci. 57: 1055–1059.
21. Ma K, Tang Q, Zhang B, Liang P, Wang B, Gao X (2019) Overexpression of mul-tiple cytochrome P450 genes associated with sulfoxaflor resistance in Aphis goss-ypii Glover. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 157: 204–210.
22. Enayati AA, Motevalli Haghi F (2007) Biochemistry of pyrethroid resistance in German cockroach (Dictyoptera, Blatelli-dae) from hospitals of Sari, Iran. Iran Bi-omed J. 11(4): 251–258.
23. Ladonni H (2001) Evaluation of three meth-ods for detecting permethrin resistance in adult and nymphal Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ Ento-mol. 94(3): 694–697.
24. Penilla NR, Rodríguez A, Hemingway J, Trejo A, López A, Rodríguez M (2007) Cytochrome P450-based resistance mech-anism and pyrethroid resistance in the field Anopheles albimanus resistance manage-ment trial. Pest Biochem Physiol. 89: 111–117.
25. Scott JG (1999) Cytochromes P450 and insecticide resistance. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 29(9): 757–777.
26. Liu N, Li M, Gong Y, Liu F, Li T (2015) Cytochrome P450s-Their expression, regu-lation, and role in insecticide resistance. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 120: 77–81.
27. Yang CL, Zhu HY, Zhang F (2019) Com-parative Proteomics Analysis between the Short-Term Stress and Long-Term Ad-aptation of the Blattella germanica (Blat-todea: Blattellidae) in Response to Beta-Cypermethrin. J Econ Entomol. 112(3): 1396–1402.
28. Gong Y, Li T, Zhang L, Gao X, Liu N (2013) Permethrin induction of multiple cytochrome P450 genes in insecticide re-sistant mosquitoes, Culex quinquefascia-tus. Int J Biol Sci. 9(9): 863–871.
29. Li CX, Guo XX, Zhang YM, Dong YD, Xing D, Yan T (2016) Identification of genes involved in pyrethroid-, propoxur-, and dichlorvos- insecticides resistance in the mosquitoes, Culex pipiens com-plex (Diptera: Culicidae). Acta Trop. 157: 84–95.
30. Jensen K, Ko AE, Schal C, Silverman J (2016) Insecticide resistance and nutri-tion interactively shape life-history pa-rameters in German cockroaches. Sci Rep. 6: 28731.
31. Zhang H, Zhao M, Liu Y, Zhou Z, Guo J (2018) Identification of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes and their expres-sion in response to high temperature in the alligatorweed flea beetle Agasicles hygrophila (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Sci Rep. 8(1): 17847.
32. World Health Organization (WHO) (2006) Pesticide and their application for the con-trol of vectors and pests of public health importance. WHO, p. 125.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 15 No 2 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i2.7484 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Cytochrome P450 German cockroac Insecticide resistance Permethrin | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Ghaderi A, Baniardalani M, Basseri HR. Level of Pyrethroid-resistance Associated with Cytochrome P450 Expression in German Cockroach Blattella germanica (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) in the Field Collected Strains. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2021;15(2):152-161.
