Resistance Status of Anopheles maculipennis and Anopheles superpictus to the Conventional Insecticides in Northeastern Caspian Littoral, Iran
-
Aioub Sofizadeh
,
Mohammad Reza Abai
,
Hassan Vatandoost
,
Ahmad Raeisi
,
Mohammad Sistanizadeh-Aghdam
Abstract
Background: Malaria resurgence has occurred in the northern half parts of Iran. Factors such as the continual movement of local people from problematic malaria foci in southeastern Iran toward the Caspian Littoral and wide use of pesticides in the agriculture sector were led to establish the diseases in the prone area. There are no new data on the resistance status of main malaria vectors in the Caspian Littoral, and this study was aimed at renewal data on conventional insecticides.
Methods: The field strain of adult Anopheles superpictus and Anopheles maculipennis were collected using the hand catch method and transferred to the laboratory. The susceptibility tests were carried out against DDT 4%, Malathion 5%, Permethrin 0.75%, Deltamethrin 0.05%, and Lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05%, followed by the WHO’s procedure.
Results: The primary malaria vector in Caspian Littoral is An. maculipennis, which still resistance to DDT and mortality rate, LT50 and LT90 of female mosquitoes were 75.0%, 54.2, minutes and 111.3 minutes. The under ’verification required’ status of An. maculipennis was also revealed to Lambda-cyhalothrin based on recent WHO’s criteria. The malaria vector An. superpictus is also considered the second malaria vectors in the west parts of the studied area, which shown to be susceptible to all insecticides tested.
Conclusion: DDT resistance is persisted in An. maculipennis despite stopping residual spraying with DDT since 1978 in the Caspian Littoral, but the occurrence of pyrethroid under ’verification required’ status is a progressive threat to the possible development of cross-resistance in the future.
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2. Jalali M (1956) History of malaria and it's control in Iran to 1955. Institute Malari-ology and Parasitology, Tehran Univer-sity and Ministry of Health. Iran. 225: 60–74.
3. Djadid N, Gholizadeh S, Tafsiri E, Romi R, Gordeev M, Zakeri S (2007) Molecu-lar identification of Palearctic members of Anopheles maculipennis in northern Iran. Malar J. 17: 1–10.
4. Manouchehri AV, Zaim M, Emadi AM (1992) A review of malaria in Iran, 1957–1990. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 8: 381–385.
5. Salari-Lak SH, Vatandoost H, Entezarmah-di MR, Ashraf H, Abai MR and Nazari M (2002) Monitoring of insecticide re-sistance in Anopheles sacharovi (Favre, 1903) in borderline of Iran, Armenia, Naxci¬van and Turkey. Iran J Public Health. 31: 96–99.
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10. World Health Organization (2016) Test pro¬cedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosqui-toes–2nd ed. WHO Document Produc-tion Ser¬vices, Geneva, Switzerland.
11. World Health Organization (2014) Malar¬ia entomology and vector control, par¬tici-pants’ guide. WHO, Geneva. Avail¬able at: http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/85890.
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13. Eshghi N, Zaini A, Yazdanpanah H (1980) Susceptibility of Anopheles mac-uli¬pennis to insecticides in Iran. Mosq News. 40: 510–513.
14. Manouchehri AV, Zaini A, Mottaghi M (1976) Susceptibility of Anopheles mac-u¬li¬pennis to insecticides in northern Iran. Mosq News. 36: 51–55.
15. Vatandoost H, Zahirnia AH (2010) Re-spon¬siveness of Anopheles maculi¬pennis to dif¬ferent imagicides during re¬surgent malaria. Asian Pac J Trop Bio¬med. 360–363.
16. Dinparast Djadid N (1989) Ecology of Anopheles maculipennis at north parts of Iran. Unpublished MSc thesis, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, p. 243.
17. Momeni S (1990) Bioecology and suscep-tibility level of Anopheles maculipennis complex to the insecticides at Mazanda-ran Province. Unpublished MSc thesis, School of Public Health, Tehran Uni¬ver-sity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, p. 197.
18. Chavshin AR, Dabiri F, Vatandoost H, Mohammadi Bavani M (2015) Suscep-tibility of Anopheles maculipennis to dif¬ferent insecticides classes in West Azarbai¬jan Province, Northwestern Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 5: 403–406.
19. Ramsdale CD, Herath PR, Davidson G (1980) Recent developments of insecti-cide resistance in some Turkish anophe-lines. J Trop Med Hyg. 83: 11–19.
20. Akiner MM, Caglar SS, Simsek FM (2013) Yearly changes of insecticide susceptibil¬ity and possible insecticide resistance mechanisms of Anopheles maculipennis Meigen (Diptera: Culicidae) in Turkey. Acta Trop. 126: 280–285.
21. Zulueta J, Joliver P (1957) Seasonal varia-tion in susceptibility to DDT of An. mac¬ulipennis in Iran. Bull World Health Organ. 16: 475–479.
22. Akıner MM (2014) Malathion and propoxur resistance in Turkish popula-tions of the Anopheles maculipennis Meig¬en (Diptera: Culicidae) and rela¬tion to the insensitive acetylcholinester¬ase. Turki¬ye Parazitol Derg. 38: 111–115.
23. Eshghi N, Janbakhsh B, Mottaghi M (1977) Susceptibility of Anopheles su-perpictus to insecticides in Iran. Mosq News. 27: 490–493.
24. Jalilian M, Mussavi Ivanaki A, Aiwazi A, Jalali A (2001) Susceptibility level of Anopheles superpictus to DDT, Mala-thion and Lambda-cyhalothrin insecti-cides in Ilam Province. lIam J Med Sci. 9: 25–29.
25. Nejati J, Vatandoost H, Oshaghi MA, Salehi M, Mozafari E, Moosa-Kazemi SH (2013) Some ecological at¬tributes of malarial vector Anopheles superpic-tus Grassi in endemic foci in southeast-ern Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Bi¬omed. 12: 1003–1008.
26. Zhakhongirov SHM, Abdullaev IT, Ponomarev IM, Muminov MS (2004) Monitoring of the insecticidal re-sistance of main malaria vectors in Uz-bekistan. Med Parazitol (Mosk). 7: 29–33.
27. Zhakhongirov SHM, Saifiev SHT, Abidov ZI (2016) Insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors in Uzbekistan. Med Parazitol (Mosk). 12: 31–34.
28. Sorokin NN, Mingaleva GN (1992) A com¬parison of the level of resistance and irritability in Anopheles hyrcanus and An. superpictus to insecticides. Med Parazitol (Mosk). 1: 15–17.
29. Ahmad M, Buhler C, Pignatelli P, Ranson H, Nahzat SM, Naseem M, Sabawoon MF, Siddiqi AM, Vink M (2016) Sta-tus of insecticide resistance in high-risk malaria provinces in Afghanistan. Malar J. 5: 98.
30. Khalil A, Kanani KA, Katbeh-Bader A, Al-Abdallat M, Shadfan B (2015) Sus-ceptibility tests on insecticides used to control mosquitoes in Jordan. Jordan J Biol Sci. 8: 180–183.
2. Jalali M (1956) History of malaria and it's control in Iran to 1955. Institute Malari-ology and Parasitology, Tehran Univer-sity and Ministry of Health. Iran. 225: 60–74.
3. Djadid N, Gholizadeh S, Tafsiri E, Romi R, Gordeev M, Zakeri S (2007) Molecu-lar identification of Palearctic members of Anopheles maculipennis in northern Iran. Malar J. 17: 1–10.
4. Manouchehri AV, Zaim M, Emadi AM (1992) A review of malaria in Iran, 1957–1990. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 8: 381–385.
5. Salari-Lak SH, Vatandoost H, Entezarmah-di MR, Ashraf H, Abai MR and Nazari M (2002) Monitoring of insecticide re-sistance in Anopheles sacharovi (Favre, 1903) in borderline of Iran, Armenia, Naxci¬van and Turkey. Iran J Public Health. 31: 96–99.
6. Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Raeisi A, Abai MR, Nikpour F (2018) Bioecology of the dominant malaria vector, Anophe-les superpictus s.l. Grassi (Diptera: Cu-licidae) in Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 12(3): 196–118.
7. Oshaghi MA, Shemshad K, Yaghobi-Ershadi MR, Pedram M, Vatandoost H, Abai MR, Akbarzadeh K, Mohtarami F (2007) Ge¬netic structure of the malaria vector Anopheles superpictus in Iran us-ing mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (COI and COII) and morphologic mark-ers: a new species complex. Acta Trop. 101: 241–248.
8. Oshaghi MA, Vatandoost H, Gorouhi A, Abai MR, Madjidpour A, Arshi S, Sadeghi H, Nazari M, Mehravaran A (2011) Anophe¬line species composition in borderline of Iran-Azerbaijan. Acta Trop. 119(1): 44–49.
9. Fekri S, Vatandoost H, Daryanavard A, Shahi M, Safari R, Raeisi A, Omar AS, Sharif M, Azizi A, Ali AA, Nasser A, Hasaballah I, Hanafi-Bojd AA (2013) Malaria situation in an endemic area, southeastern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 8: 82–90.
10. World Health Organization (2016) Test pro¬cedures for insecticide resistance monitoring in malaria vector mosqui-toes–2nd ed. WHO Document Produc-tion Ser¬vices, Geneva, Switzerland.
11. World Health Organization (2014) Malar¬ia entomology and vector control, par¬tici-pants’ guide. WHO, Geneva. Avail¬able at: http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/85890.
12. Raeisi A, Gouya MM, Nadim A, Ranjbar M, Hasanzehi A, Fallahnezhad M, Sakeni M, Safari R, Saffari M, Mashyekhi M, Ahmadi Kahnali A, Mirkhani V, Al¬masian E, Faraji L, Pak-tinat Jalali B, Nik¬pour F (2013) Deter-mination of malaria epidemiological sta-tus in Iran's ma¬larious areas as base¬line information for implementation of ma-laria elimination pro¬gram in Iran. Iran J Public Health. 42: 26–36.
13. Eshghi N, Zaini A, Yazdanpanah H (1980) Susceptibility of Anopheles mac-uli¬pennis to insecticides in Iran. Mosq News. 40: 510–513.
14. Manouchehri AV, Zaini A, Mottaghi M (1976) Susceptibility of Anopheles mac-u¬li¬pennis to insecticides in northern Iran. Mosq News. 36: 51–55.
15. Vatandoost H, Zahirnia AH (2010) Re-spon¬siveness of Anopheles maculi¬pennis to dif¬ferent imagicides during re¬surgent malaria. Asian Pac J Trop Bio¬med. 360–363.
16. Dinparast Djadid N (1989) Ecology of Anopheles maculipennis at north parts of Iran. Unpublished MSc thesis, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, p. 243.
17. Momeni S (1990) Bioecology and suscep-tibility level of Anopheles maculipennis complex to the insecticides at Mazanda-ran Province. Unpublished MSc thesis, School of Public Health, Tehran Uni¬ver-sity of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, p. 197.
18. Chavshin AR, Dabiri F, Vatandoost H, Mohammadi Bavani M (2015) Suscep-tibility of Anopheles maculipennis to dif¬ferent insecticides classes in West Azarbai¬jan Province, Northwestern Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 5: 403–406.
19. Ramsdale CD, Herath PR, Davidson G (1980) Recent developments of insecti-cide resistance in some Turkish anophe-lines. J Trop Med Hyg. 83: 11–19.
20. Akiner MM, Caglar SS, Simsek FM (2013) Yearly changes of insecticide susceptibil¬ity and possible insecticide resistance mechanisms of Anopheles maculipennis Meigen (Diptera: Culicidae) in Turkey. Acta Trop. 126: 280–285.
21. Zulueta J, Joliver P (1957) Seasonal varia-tion in susceptibility to DDT of An. mac¬ulipennis in Iran. Bull World Health Organ. 16: 475–479.
22. Akıner MM (2014) Malathion and propoxur resistance in Turkish popula-tions of the Anopheles maculipennis Meig¬en (Diptera: Culicidae) and rela¬tion to the insensitive acetylcholinester¬ase. Turki¬ye Parazitol Derg. 38: 111–115.
23. Eshghi N, Janbakhsh B, Mottaghi M (1977) Susceptibility of Anopheles su-perpictus to insecticides in Iran. Mosq News. 27: 490–493.
24. Jalilian M, Mussavi Ivanaki A, Aiwazi A, Jalali A (2001) Susceptibility level of Anopheles superpictus to DDT, Mala-thion and Lambda-cyhalothrin insecti-cides in Ilam Province. lIam J Med Sci. 9: 25–29.
25. Nejati J, Vatandoost H, Oshaghi MA, Salehi M, Mozafari E, Moosa-Kazemi SH (2013) Some ecological at¬tributes of malarial vector Anopheles superpic-tus Grassi in endemic foci in southeast-ern Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Bi¬omed. 12: 1003–1008.
26. Zhakhongirov SHM, Abdullaev IT, Ponomarev IM, Muminov MS (2004) Monitoring of the insecticidal re-sistance of main malaria vectors in Uz-bekistan. Med Parazitol (Mosk). 7: 29–33.
27. Zhakhongirov SHM, Saifiev SHT, Abidov ZI (2016) Insecticide resistance in major malaria vectors in Uzbekistan. Med Parazitol (Mosk). 12: 31–34.
28. Sorokin NN, Mingaleva GN (1992) A com¬parison of the level of resistance and irritability in Anopheles hyrcanus and An. superpictus to insecticides. Med Parazitol (Mosk). 1: 15–17.
29. Ahmad M, Buhler C, Pignatelli P, Ranson H, Nahzat SM, Naseem M, Sabawoon MF, Siddiqi AM, Vink M (2016) Sta-tus of insecticide resistance in high-risk malaria provinces in Afghanistan. Malar J. 5: 98.
30. Khalil A, Kanani KA, Katbeh-Bader A, Al-Abdallat M, Shadfan B (2015) Sus-ceptibility tests on insecticides used to control mosquitoes in Jordan. Jordan J Biol Sci. 8: 180–183.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 15 No 2 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i2.7486 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Anopheles maculipennis; Anopheles superpictus; Insecticide resistance; Malaria; Caspian Littoral | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Sofizadeh A, Abai MR, Vatandoost H, Raeisi A, Sistanizadeh-Aghdam M. Resistance Status of Anopheles maculipennis and Anopheles superpictus to the Conventional Insecticides in Northeastern Caspian Littoral, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2022;15(2):171-178.
