Investigation on Mosquitoes Fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) and Probable Vector of West Nile Virus in Lorestan Province, Western Iran
-
Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi
,
Yadollah Etemadi
,
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat
,
Hamid Mokhayeri
,
Hassan Vatandoost
,
Mohammad Hassan Kayedi
Abstract
Background: Fauna and larval habitat characteristics studies on mosquitoes are important tools to identify the breeding places of the vectors and management of the control strategies. This study was done to provide data on Culicidae fauna, larval habitat characteristics and identifying potential vectors of West Nile virus in Lorestan Province, west of Iran.
Methods: Culicidae mosquitoes were collected at three counties and nine site stations from Lorestan Province, west of Iran in 2017. Adult mosquitoes were collected using human and animal bite collection methods, New Jersey and CDC light traps and pit shelters by aspirator. Larva were
collected by dipping method. RT-PCR technique was employed for detection of the West Nile virus among mosquito’s samples.
Results: 4805 mosquitoes were collected from three counties and nine sites in Lorestan Province during June–October 2017, including 4363 adults and 442 larvae. The most abundant species collected from all counties in both adult and larval stages were Culex pipiens (49.10%), Cx. theileri (31.82%), Anopheles maculipennis (11.09%), An. superpictus (2.66%), An. stephensi (2.12%), Cx. perexiguus (1.89%), An. dthali (1.17%) and An. sacharovi (0.15%) respectively. West Nile virus was detected in none of mosquitoes examined.
Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that arbovirus vectors such as Cx. pipiens along with Cx. theileri and Cx. perexiguus are well adapted to a broad range of habitats and different climatic conditions in Lorestan Province. That necessitates further routine surveillance of arboviral infections.
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2. Gasperi A, Bellini R, Malacrida A R, Crisanti, Dottori M, Aksoy S(2012) A new threat looming over the Mediterranean basin: emergence of viral diseases transmitted by Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 6(9): e1836.
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6. Fontenille D, Traore-Lamizana M, Zeller H, Mondo M, Diallo M, Digoutte JP(1995) Rift Valley fever in western Africa: isolations from Aedes mosquitoes during an interepizootic period. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 52(5):403-4.
7. Khater E I, Sowilem M M, Sallam M F, Alahmed A M(2013) Ecology and habitat characterization of mosquitoes in Saudi Arabia. Trop Biomed. 30(3):409-27.
8. Silver JB (2008) Mosquito ecology: Field sampling methods. 3rd edition. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
9. Azari-Hamidian S, Harbach RE (2009) Keys to the adult females and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa. 20(78): 1–33.
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11. Shahhosseini N, Kayedi MH, Sedaghat MM, Racine T, Kobinger GP, Moosa-Kazemi SH (2018) DNA barcodes corroborating identification of mosquito species and multiplex real-time PCR differentiating Culex pipienscomplex and Culex torrentium in Iran. PloS One. 14(13):1-11.
12.Shahhosseini N, Friedrich J, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Sedaghat MM, Kayedi MH, Tannich E, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Lühken R (2018) Hostfeeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes in Iran. Parasit Vectors. 11(669): 1–10.
13.Shahhosseini N, Chinikar S, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Sedaghat MM, Kayedi MH, Lühken R, Schmidt-Chanasit J (2017) West Nile Virus lineage-2 in Culex specimens from Iran. Trop Med Int Heal. 22(10): 1343–49.
14.Zaim M, Manouchehri V, Motabar M, Emadi M, Nzari M, Pakdad K, Kayedi MH, Mowlaii G (1995) Anopheles culicifacies in Baluchistan, Iran. Med Vet Entomol. 9(2): 181–6.
15.Chavshin AR, Oshaghi MA, Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Raeisi A, Nikpoor F (2014) Molecular characterization, biological forms and sporozoite rate of Anopheles stephensi in southern Iran. Asian Pacific J Trop Biomed. 4(1): 47–51.
16. Moosa-Kazemi SH, Vatandoost H, Nikookar H, Fathian M (2009) Culicinae (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, southeastern Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 3(1):29-35.
17.Moosa-Kazemi H, Zahirnia AH, Sharifi F, Davari B (2015) The fauna and ecology of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in western Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 9(1):49-59.
18.Ghavami MB, Ladonni H (2005) The fauna and frequency of different mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Zanjan Province. J Zanjan Uni Med Sci Heal Ser. 13(53): 46–54.
19.Banafshi O, Abai MR, Ladonni H, Bakhsh H, Karami H, Azari-Hamidian S (2013) The fauna and ecology of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in western Iran. Turkish J Zool. 37: 298–307.
20.Aldemir A, Bedir H, Demirci B, Alten B (2010) Biting activity of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Turkey- Armenia border area, Ararat Valley, Turkey. J Med Entomol. 47(1):22-7.
21.Azari-Hamidian S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Javadian E, Abai MR, Mobedi I, Linton YM, Harbach RE (2009) Distribution and ecology of mosquitoes in a focus of dirofilariasis in northwestern Iran, with the first finding of filarial larvae in naturally infected local mosquitoes. Med Vet Entomol. 23(2):111-21.
22.Murdock CC, Paaijmans KP, Cox-Foster D, Read F (2012) Rethinking vector immunology: the role of environmental temperature in shaping resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol. 10(12):869-76.
23.Oshaghi MA, Ravasan NM, Javadian E, Rassi Y, Sadraei J, Enayati AA, Vatandoost H, Zare Z, Emami SN (2009) Application of predictive degree day model for field development of sand fly vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in northwest of Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 46(4):247-55.
24.Ye-Ebiyo Y, Pollack RJ, Kiszewski A, Spielman A (2003) Enhancement of development of larval Anopheles arabiensis by proximity to flowering maize (Zea mays) in turbid water and when crowded. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 68(6):748-52.
25.Müller GC, Beier JC, Traore SF Toure MB, Traore MM, Bah S, Doumbia S, Schlein Y (2010) Field experiments of Anopheles gambiae attraction to local fruits/seedpods and flowering plants in Mali to optimize strategies for malaria vector control in Africa using attractive toxic sugar bait methods. Malar J. 9(262):1-11.
26.Kebede A, McCann JC, Kiszewski A, Ye-Ebiyo Y (2005) New evidence of the effects of agroecologic change on malaria transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 73(4):676-80.
27.Gu W, Müller G, Schlein Y, Novak RJ, Beier JC (2011) Natural plant sugar sources of Anopheles mosquitoes strongly impact malaria transmission potential. PLoS One. 6(1):1-5.
28.Alahmed AM, Kheir SM, Kuriji MA, Sallam MF (2011) Breeding habitats characterization of Anopheles mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) in Najran Province, Saudi Arabia. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 41(2):275-88.
29.Abdullah MA, Merdan AI (1995) Distribution and ecology of the mosquito fauna in the southwestern Saudi Arabia. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 25(3):815-37.
30.Alahmed A, Al Kheriji M, Kheir S (2007) Distribution of habitats of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia. J King Saud Uni Eng Sci. 19: 35–55.
31.Alahmed AM, Al Kuriji MA, Kheir SM, Alahmedi SA, Al Hatabbi MJ, Gashmari MA (2009) Mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) and seasonal activity in Makka Al Mukarramah Region, Saudi Arabia. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 39(3):991-1013.
32.Minakawa N, Seda P, Yan G (2002) Influence of host and larval habitat distribution on the abundance of African malaria vectors in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 67(1):32-8
2. Gasperi A, Bellini R, Malacrida A R, Crisanti, Dottori M, Aksoy S(2012) A new threat looming over the Mediterranean basin: emergence of viral diseases transmitted by Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 6(9): e1836.
3. Gould E A, Higgs S(2009) Impact of climate change and other factors on emerging arbovirus diseases. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 103(2):109-21.
4. Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory. Available: at https://mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.myspecies. info/.
5. DavisLE, Beckham JD, Tyler KL(2008) North American encephalitic arboviruses. Neuro lClin. 26(3):727-57.
6. Fontenille D, Traore-Lamizana M, Zeller H, Mondo M, Diallo M, Digoutte JP(1995) Rift Valley fever in western Africa: isolations from Aedes mosquitoes during an interepizootic period. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 52(5):403-4.
7. Khater E I, Sowilem M M, Sallam M F, Alahmed A M(2013) Ecology and habitat characterization of mosquitoes in Saudi Arabia. Trop Biomed. 30(3):409-27.
8. Silver JB (2008) Mosquito ecology: Field sampling methods. 3rd edition. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
9. Azari-Hamidian S, Harbach RE (2009) Keys to the adult females and fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae). Zootaxa. 20(78): 1–33.
10.Khoshdel-NezamihaF, Vatandoost H, AzariHamidian S, Mohammadi Bavani M, DabiriF, Entezar-Mahdi R, Chavshin AR(2014) Fauna larval habitats of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of West Azerbaijan Province, northwestern Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 8(2):163-73.
11. Shahhosseini N, Kayedi MH, Sedaghat MM, Racine T, Kobinger GP, Moosa-Kazemi SH (2018) DNA barcodes corroborating identification of mosquito species and multiplex real-time PCR differentiating Culex pipienscomplex and Culex torrentium in Iran. PloS One. 14(13):1-11.
12.Shahhosseini N, Friedrich J, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Sedaghat MM, Kayedi MH, Tannich E, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Lühken R (2018) Hostfeeding patterns of Culex mosquitoes in Iran. Parasit Vectors. 11(669): 1–10.
13.Shahhosseini N, Chinikar S, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Sedaghat MM, Kayedi MH, Lühken R, Schmidt-Chanasit J (2017) West Nile Virus lineage-2 in Culex specimens from Iran. Trop Med Int Heal. 22(10): 1343–49.
14.Zaim M, Manouchehri V, Motabar M, Emadi M, Nzari M, Pakdad K, Kayedi MH, Mowlaii G (1995) Anopheles culicifacies in Baluchistan, Iran. Med Vet Entomol. 9(2): 181–6.
15.Chavshin AR, Oshaghi MA, Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Raeisi A, Nikpoor F (2014) Molecular characterization, biological forms and sporozoite rate of Anopheles stephensi in southern Iran. Asian Pacific J Trop Biomed. 4(1): 47–51.
16. Moosa-Kazemi SH, Vatandoost H, Nikookar H, Fathian M (2009) Culicinae (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchistan Province, southeastern Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 3(1):29-35.
17.Moosa-Kazemi H, Zahirnia AH, Sharifi F, Davari B (2015) The fauna and ecology of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in western Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 9(1):49-59.
18.Ghavami MB, Ladonni H (2005) The fauna and frequency of different mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Zanjan Province. J Zanjan Uni Med Sci Heal Ser. 13(53): 46–54.
19.Banafshi O, Abai MR, Ladonni H, Bakhsh H, Karami H, Azari-Hamidian S (2013) The fauna and ecology of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in western Iran. Turkish J Zool. 37: 298–307.
20.Aldemir A, Bedir H, Demirci B, Alten B (2010) Biting activity of mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Turkey- Armenia border area, Ararat Valley, Turkey. J Med Entomol. 47(1):22-7.
21.Azari-Hamidian S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Javadian E, Abai MR, Mobedi I, Linton YM, Harbach RE (2009) Distribution and ecology of mosquitoes in a focus of dirofilariasis in northwestern Iran, with the first finding of filarial larvae in naturally infected local mosquitoes. Med Vet Entomol. 23(2):111-21.
22.Murdock CC, Paaijmans KP, Cox-Foster D, Read F (2012) Rethinking vector immunology: the role of environmental temperature in shaping resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol. 10(12):869-76.
23.Oshaghi MA, Ravasan NM, Javadian E, Rassi Y, Sadraei J, Enayati AA, Vatandoost H, Zare Z, Emami SN (2009) Application of predictive degree day model for field development of sand fly vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in northwest of Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 46(4):247-55.
24.Ye-Ebiyo Y, Pollack RJ, Kiszewski A, Spielman A (2003) Enhancement of development of larval Anopheles arabiensis by proximity to flowering maize (Zea mays) in turbid water and when crowded. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 68(6):748-52.
25.Müller GC, Beier JC, Traore SF Toure MB, Traore MM, Bah S, Doumbia S, Schlein Y (2010) Field experiments of Anopheles gambiae attraction to local fruits/seedpods and flowering plants in Mali to optimize strategies for malaria vector control in Africa using attractive toxic sugar bait methods. Malar J. 9(262):1-11.
26.Kebede A, McCann JC, Kiszewski A, Ye-Ebiyo Y (2005) New evidence of the effects of agroecologic change on malaria transmission. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 73(4):676-80.
27.Gu W, Müller G, Schlein Y, Novak RJ, Beier JC (2011) Natural plant sugar sources of Anopheles mosquitoes strongly impact malaria transmission potential. PLoS One. 6(1):1-5.
28.Alahmed AM, Kheir SM, Kuriji MA, Sallam MF (2011) Breeding habitats characterization of Anopheles mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) in Najran Province, Saudi Arabia. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 41(2):275-88.
29.Abdullah MA, Merdan AI (1995) Distribution and ecology of the mosquito fauna in the southwestern Saudi Arabia. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 25(3):815-37.
30.Alahmed A, Al Kheriji M, Kheir S (2007) Distribution of habitats of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia. J King Saud Uni Eng Sci. 19: 35–55.
31.Alahmed AM, Al Kuriji MA, Kheir SM, Alahmedi SA, Al Hatabbi MJ, Gashmari MA (2009) Mosquito fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) and seasonal activity in Makka Al Mukarramah Region, Saudi Arabia. J Egypt Soc Parasitol. 39(3):991-1013.
32.Minakawa N, Seda P, Yan G (2002) Influence of host and larval habitat distribution on the abundance of African malaria vectors in western Kenya. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 67(1):32-8
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 15 No 4 (2021) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v15i4.10504 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Anopheles Arboviruses Culex West Nile Habitat | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Moosa-Kazemi SH, Etemadi Y, Sedaghat MM, Mokhayeri H, Vatandoost H, Kayedi MH. Investigation on Mosquitoes Fauna (Diptera: Culicidae) and Probable Vector of West Nile Virus in Lorestan Province, Western Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2022;15(4):397-404.
