Worldwide Status of Insecticide Resistance of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, Vectors of Arboviruses of Chikungunya, Dengue, Zika and Yellow Fever
,
Abstract
Background: Controlling of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, vectors of five important mosquito-borne diseases, is known as the most effective method to prevent the transmission of arboviruses to humans, but the emergence of insecticide resistance is threat for control and prevention of vector borne diseases. A better understanding of mosquito resistance to insecticides will help to develop more effective methods to control insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors.
Methods: Worldwide geographical distribution of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus by the available papers and map of the data for carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, microbial and insect growth regulator insecticides were reviewed. Article data published up to December 2022 were investigated by searching the following databases: "Google Scholar", "PubMed", "Scopus", "SID" and "Web of Knowledge".
Results: The results showed that the susceptibility and resistance status of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to insecticides in the world is very diverse.
Conclusion: Due to the importance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the transmission of mosquito-borne arboviruses, resistance management should be given more attention worldwide to prevent insecticide resistance in the arbovirus vector and replace the new approach for vector control.
1. Vega-Rúa A, Lourenço-de-Oliveira R, Mous¬son L, Vazeille M, Fuchs S, Yébakima A (2015) Chikungunya virus transmission potential by local Aedes mosquitoes in the Americas and Europe. PLoS Negl
Trop Dis. 9(5): 1–5.
2. Ferreira-de-Brito A, Ribeiro IP, Miranda RMd, Fernandes RS, Campos SS, Silva KABd (2016) First detection of natural infection of Aedes aegypti with Zika virus in Brazil and throughout South America. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 111(10): 655–658.
3. Hochedez P, Jaureguiberry S, Debruyne M, Bossi P, Hausfater P, Brucker G (2006) Chikungunya infection in travelers. Emerg Infect Dis. 12(10): 1565–1570.
4. Wong P-SJ, Li M-zI, Chong CS, Ng LC, Tan CH (2013) Aedes (Stegomyia) al-bopictus (Skuse): a potential vector of Zika virus in Singapore. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 7(8): 1–7.
5. Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, Messina JP, Farlow AW, Moyes CL, Drake JM, Brownstein JS, Hoen AG, Sankoh O, Myers MF(2013) The global distribution and burden of dengue. Nature. 496(7446): 504–507.
6. World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) Ethics and vector-borne diseases: WHO guidance, available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/336075. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO/ (access 20 March 2020)
7. Rose RI (2001) Pesticides and public health: integrated methods of mosquito man¬age¬ment. Emerg Infect Dis. 7(1): 17–20.
8. World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) Management of insecticide resistance in vectors of public health importance. Re-port of the ninth meeting of the Global Collaboration for Development of Pes-ticides for Public Health (GCDPP), available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/145673/ (access 10 September 2014)
9. Suzuki T, Osei JH, Sasaki S, Adimazoya M, Appawu M, Boakye D (2016) Risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fe-vers and the insecticide susceptibility sta¬tus of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in some sites in Accra, Ghana. Ghana Med J. 50 (3): 136–141.
10. Kawada H, Higa Y, Futami K, Muranami Y, Kawashima E, Osei JH (2016) Dis-covery of point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel from African Ae-des aegypti populations: potential phy¬lo-genetic reasons for gene introgression.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 10(6): e0004780.
11. Dia I, Diagne CT, Ba Y, Diallo D, Konate L, Diallo M (2012) Insecticide suscep-tibility of Aedes aegypti populations from Senegal and Cape Verde Archipelago. Parasit Vectors. 5(1): 238–243.
12. Kamgang B, Marcombe S, Chandre F, Nchout¬pouen E, Nwane P, Etang J (2011) Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes ae¬gypti and Aedes albopictus in Central Africa. Parasit Vectors. 4(1): 79–85.
13. Kamgang B, Yougang AP, Tchoupo M, Riveron JM, Wondji C (2017) Temporal distribution and insecticide resistance pro¬file of two major arbovirus vectors Ae¬des aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Ya¬oundé, the capital city of Cameroon. Par¬asit Vectors. 10(1): 1–9.
14. Djiappi-Tchamen B, Nana-Ndjangwo MS, Mavridis K, Talipouo A, Nchoutpouen E, Makoudjou I (2021) Analyses of in-sec¬ticide resistance genes in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquito popula¬tions from cameroon. Gene. 12(6): 828–835.
15. Ngoagouni C, Kamgang B, Brengues C, Yahouedo G, Paupy C, Nakouné E (2016) Susceptibility profile and metabolic mech¬anisms involved in Aedes aegypti and Ae¬des albopictus resistant to DDT and del¬tamethrin in the Central African Re¬pub¬lic. Parasit Vectors. 9(1): 599–610.
16. Ayorinde A, Oboh B, Oduola A, Otubanjo O (2015) The insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Cu¬licidae) in farm and nonfarm sites of Lagos State, Nigeria. J Insect Sci. 15(1): 75–80.
17. Oduola AO, Obembe A, Adelaja OJ, Ande AT (2016) Surveillance and insecticide susceptibility status of culicine mos¬qui¬toes in selected communities utilizing long-lasting insecticidal nets in Kwara State, Nigeria. Anim Res Int. 13(3): 2483–2491.
18. Mukhtar MM, Ibrahim SS (2022) Tem-poral
Evaluation of Insecticide Re¬sistance in Populations of the Major Arboviral Vec-tor Aedes aegypti from Northern Nige¬ria. Insects. 13(2): 187–193.
19. Guindo-Coulibaly N, Adja AM, Koffi AA, Diakité NR, Ahoua Alou P, Bassa KF (2014) Insecticides susceptibility of two distinct morphologies at larval stage of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). Eur J Sci Res. 126: 434–443.
20. Konan LY, Coulibaly IZ, Kone BA, Zi-ogba J-CT, Diallo A, Ekra DK (2012) Aedes aegypti susceptibility to insecti-cide from Abidjan City, Cote D'ivoire. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 12(4): 325–329.
21. Sene NM, Mavridis K, Ndiaye EH, Diagne CT, Gaye A, Ngom EHM (2021) Insec¬ticide resistance status and mechanisms in Aedes aegypti populations from Sen¬egal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 15(5): e0009393.
22. Chareonviriyaphap T, Aum-Aung B, Ratanatham S (1999) Current insecticide resistance patterns in mosquito vectors in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 30: 184–194.
23. Somboon P, Prapanthadara L-a, Suwonkerd W (2003) Insecticide susceptibility tests of Anopheles minimus sl, Aedes ae¬gypti, Ae¬des albopictus, and Culex quin¬que¬fas¬ci¬a¬tus in northern Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 34(1): 87–93.
24. Jirakanjanakit N, Rongnoparut P, Saengtha¬ratip S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Duchon S, Bellec C (2014) Insecticide susceptible/ resistance status in Aedes (Stegomyia) ae¬gypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand during 2003–2005. J Econ Entomol. 100(2): 545–550.
25. Yaicharoen R, Kiatfuengfoo R, Chareonviri¬yaphap T, Rongnoparut P (2005) Char¬ac¬terization of deltamethrin resistance in field populations of Aedes aegypti in Thai¬land. J Vector Ecol. 30(1): 144–150.
26. Thanispong K, Sathantriphop S, Chareonviri¬yaphap T (2008) Insecticide resistance of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus in Thailand. Pestic Sci. 33(4): 351–356.
27. Prapanthadara L-a, Promtet N, Koottathep S, Somboon P, Suwonkerd W, McCar-roll L, (2002) Mechanisms of DDT and permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti from Chiang Mai, Thailand. Dengue Bull. 26: 185–189.
28. Ishak IH, Jaal Z, Ranson H, Wondji CS (2015) Contrasting patterns of in¬secti-cide resistance and knockdown resistance (kdr) in the dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Malaysia. Parasit Vectors. 8(1): 1–13.
29. Loke S, Wei Ann A, Ahmad NW, HL L, Azirun MS (2012) Insecticide sus¬cep¬ti-bil¬ity status of field-collected Aedes (Steg¬omyia) aegypti (L.) from a dengue en¬demic site in Shah Alam, Selangor, Ma¬lay¬sia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub¬lic Health. 43(1): 34–40.
30. Azeez S (1967) A note on the prevalence and susceptibility status of Aedes (Steg-omyia) aegypti (Linn.) in Jharia, Dhan-bad District (Bihar). J Commun Dis. 4 (1): 59–62.
31. Thavaselvam D, KUMAR A, Sumodan P (1993) Insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinque-fas¬cia¬tus and Aedes aegypti in Panaji, Goa. Indian J Malario. l30: 75–79.
32. Singh R, Dhiman R, Mittal P, Dua V (2011) Susceptibility status of dengue vectors against various insecticides in Koderma (Jharkhand), India. J Vector Borne Dis. 48(2): 116–121.
33. Katyal R, Tewari P, Rahman S, Pajni H, Kumar K, Gill K (2001) Susceptibility status OF immature and Adult Stages of Aedes aegypti against conventional insec¬ticides in Delhi, India. Dengue Bull. 25: 84–87.
34. Tikar S, Mendki M, Chandel K, Parashar
B, Prakash S (2008) Susceptibility of im-mature stages of Aedes (Stegomyia) ae-gypti; vector of dengue and chikungu¬nya to insecticides from India. Parasitol. Res. 102(5): 907–1002.
35. Yadav K, Rabha B, Dhiman S, Veer V (2015) Multi-insecticide susceptibility eval¬uation of dengue vectors Stegomyia albopicta and St. aegypti in Assam, In-dia. Parasit Vectors. 8(1): 143–150.
36. Mariappan T, Selvam A, Rajamannar V, Arunachalam N (2017) Susceptibility of Dengue/Chikungunya vector, Aedes ae-gypti against carbamate, organochlorine, organophosphate and pyrethroid insec¬ti-cides. J Environ Biol. 38(2): 251–260.
37. Bharati M, Saha D (2018) Multiple in¬sec-ticide resistance mechanisms in primary dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (Linn.) from dengue endemic districts of sub-Hima¬layan West Bengal, India. PloS One. 13 (9): e0203207.
38. Bharati M, Rai P, Saha D (2019) Insec¬ti-cide resistance in Aedes albopictus Skuse from sub-Himalayan districts of West Ben¬gal, India. Acta Trop. 192: 104–111.
39. Neng W, Yan X, Fuming H, Dazong C (1992) Susceptibility of Aedes al¬bopictus from China to insecticides, and mech-anism of DDT resistance. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 8(4): 394–397.
40. Cui F, Raymond M, Qiao CL (2006) In-sec¬ticide resistance in vector mosquitoes in China. Pest Manag Sci. 62(11): 1013–1022.
41. Yiguan W, Xin L, Chengling L, Su T, Jianchao J, Yuhong G (2017) A survey of insecticide resistance in Aedes al-bopic¬tus (Diptera: Culicidae) during a 2014 dengue fever outbreak in Guangzhou, Chi¬na. J Econ Entomol. 110(1): 239–244.
42. Su X, Guo Y, Deng J, Xu J, Zhou G, Zhou T (2019) Fast emerging insecticide re¬sistance in Aedes albopictus in Guang-zhou, China: Alarm to the dengue epi-dem¬-
ic. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 13(9): e0007665.
43. Tangena J-AA, Marcombe S, Tham-mavong P, Chonephetsarath S, Somphong B, Say¬teng K (2018) Bionomics and insecticide resistance of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus in northern Lao PDR. PloS One. 13(10): e0206387.
44. Kawada H, Oo SZM, Thaung S, Ka¬washi-ma E, Maung YNM, Thu HM (2014) Co-occurrence of point mutations in the volt¬age-gated sodium channel of pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti populations in My¬anmar. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 8(7): e3032.
45. Johnsen R (1967) Preliminary studies of mosquito resistance to insecticides in the Philippines. Mosq News. 27(1): 22–26.
46. Huong VD, Thi Bach Ngoc N (1999) Sus-ceptibility of Aedes aegypti to In¬sec¬ti-cides in South Vietnam. Dengue Bull. 23: 85–88.
47. Huong VD, Bach Ngoc NT, Hien DT, Bich Lien NT (2004) Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to insecticides in Viet Nam. Den¬gue Bull. 28: 179–183.
48. Thi K, Viet H, Nguyen H (2016) Major resistant mechanism to insecticides of Ae¬des aegypti mosquito: a vector of den-gue and Zika virus in Vietnam. J Trop Med. 1(2): 1010–1016.
49. Kawada H (2017) DDT and Pyrethroid Re¬sistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (skuse): Past, Present, and Fu¬ture. In: Sanders K (Ed): DDT. Vol. 1. Nova Science Publishers, Inc, pp. 33–83.
50. Boyer S, Maquart P-O, Chhuoy K, Suor K, Chhum M, Heng K (2022) Monitoring insecticide resistance of adult and larval Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Parasit Vec¬tors. 15(1): 1–7.
51. Brown AWA, Pal R (1971) Insecticide re-sistance in arthropods. 2nd ed. World Health Organization. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/41685.
52. Camargo S (1967) History of Aedes ae-gypti eradication in the Americas. Bull World
Health Organ. 36(4): 602–603.
53. Harris AF, Rajatileka S, Ranson H (2010) Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti from Grand Cayman. Am J Trop Med. 83(2): 277–284.
54. Marcombe S, Farajollahi A, Healy SP, Clark GG, Fonseca DM (2014) Insecticide re¬sistance status of United States pop¬ulations of Aedes albopictus and mechanisms in¬volved. PloS One. 9(7): e101992.
55. Rodríguez MM, Bisset J, Ruiz M, Soca A (2002) Cross-resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides induced by selection with temephos in Aedes ae¬gypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cuba. J Med Entomol. 39(6): 882–888.
56. Rodríguez MM, Bisset JA, De Armas Y, Ramos F (2005) Pyrethroid insecticide-resistant strain of Aedes aegypti from Cu¬ba induced by deltamethrin selection. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 21(4): 437–445.
57. Varón LS, Córdoba BC, Brochero HL (2010) Susceptibilidad de Aedes aegypti a DDT, deltametrina y lambdacialotrina en Colombia. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 27(1): 67–73.
58. Fonseca González I, Quiñones ML, Lenhart A, Brogdon WG (2011) Insecticide re¬sistance status of Aedes aegypti (L.) from Colombia. Pest Manag Sci. 67(4): 430–437.
59. Aponte A, Penilla RP, Rodríguez AD, Ocam¬po CB (2019) Mechanisms of py-rethroid resistance in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti from Colombia. Acta Trop. 191: 146–154.
60. Mazzarri MB, Georghiou G (1995) Charac¬-
terization of resistance to organ¬ophos-phate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides in field populations of Aedes aegypti from Venezuela. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 11(3): 315–322.
61. Mekuria Y, Gwinn T, Williams D, Tidwell M (1991) Insecticide susceptibility of Ae¬des aegypti from santo Domingo, Do-min¬ican Republic. J Am Mosq Control As¬soc. 7(1): 69–72.
62. Corbel V, Fonseca DM, Weetman D, Pinto J, Achee NL, Chandre F (2017) Inter¬na¬tional workshop on insecticide re-sistance in vectors of arboviruses, December Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bio Med Central.
63. Pinto J, Palomino M, Mendoza-Uribe L, Sinti C, Liebman KA, Lenhart A (2019) Susceptibility to insecticides and re-sistance mechanisms in three populations of Ae¬des aegypti from Peru. Parasit Vectors. 12(1): 1–11.
64. Canyon D, Hii J (1999) Insecticide sus-cep¬tibility status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Townsville. Aust J En¬tomol. 38(1): 40–43.
65. Demok S, Endersby-Harshman N, Vinit R, Timinao L, Robinson LJ, Susapu M (2019) Insecticide resistance status of Ae¬des aegypti and Aedes albopictus mos-quitoes in Papua New Guinea. Parasit Vectors. 12(1): 333–340.
66. Pocquet N, Darriet F, Zumbo B, Milesi P, Thiria J, Bernard V (2014) Insecticide resistance in disease vectors from Ma-yotte: an opportunity for integrated vec-tor management. Parasit Vectors. 7(1): 299–308.
67. Rocha HDR, Paiva MHS, Silva NM, de Araújo AP, da Moura AJF, Gómez LF (2015) Susceptibility profile of Aedes ae¬gypti from Santiago Island, Cabo Verde, to insecticides. Acta Trop. 152: 66–73.
68. Ponlawat A, Scott JG, Harrington LC (2005) Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes ae¬gypti and Aedes albopictus across Thailand. J
Med Entomol. 42(5): 821–825.
69. Pethuan S, Jirakanjanakit N, Saengtha¬ratip S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Kaewpa D, Rongnopa¬rut P (2007) Biochemical studies of insecticide resistance in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Steg-omyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. Trop Biomed. 24(1): 7–15.
70. Karunaratne SH, Hemingway J (2001) Mal¬-
athion resistance and prevalence of the malathion carboxylesterase mechanism in populations of mosquito vectors of dis¬ease in Sri Lanka. Bull World Health Or¬gan. 79: 1060–1064.
71. Fernando HSD, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Perera R, Black WC, De Silva B (2020) Resistance to commonly used insec¬ti-cides and underlying mechanisms of resistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) from Sri Lanka. Par¬asit Vectors. 13(1): 1–14.
72. Chen C, Nazni W, Lee H, Sofian-Azirun M (2005) Susceptibility of Aedes ae¬gypti and Aedes albopictus to temephos in four study sites in Kuala Lumpur City Center and Selangor State, Malaysia. Trop Bi¬omed. 22(2): 207–216.
73. Montada D, Vasuki V, Rajavel A (1993) Evaluation of organophosphorus and syn¬thetic pyrethroid insecticides against six vector mosquitoe species. Rev Saude Pub¬lica. 27: 391–397.
74. Muthusamy R, Shivakumar M (2015) Sus-cep¬tibility status of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Dip¬tera: Culicidae) to temephos from three districts of Tamil Nadu, India. J Vec¬tor Borne Dis. 52(2): 159–165.
75. Saha P, Chatterjee M, Ballav S, Chow-dhury A, Basu N, Maji AK (2019) Prevalence of kdr mutations and insecticide sus¬cep¬tibility among natural population of Ae¬des aegypti in West Bengal. Plos One. 14(4): e0215541.
76. Li M, Li S, Yang X, Liang Q, Lan X, Cao L (1994) Monitoring report of insec¬ti-cide resistance of vector mosquitoes in Hai¬nan Province (in Chinese). Hainan Med J. 5:
206–208.
77. Polson KA, Curtis C, Seng CM, Olson JG, Chantha N, Rawlins SC (2001) Sus¬cep-tibility of two canbodian population of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae to temeph¬os during 2001. Dengue Bull. 25: 79–84.
78. Astari S, Ahmad I (2005) Insecticide re-sistance and effect of piperonyl butoxide as a synergist in three strains of Aedes aegypti (Linn.) (Diptera: Culicidae) against insecticides permethrin, cypermethrin, and d-allethrin. Indonesian Bull Health Res. 33(2): 20271.
79. Hamid PH, Prastowo J, Widyasari A, Taubert A, Hermosilla C (2017) Knock-down resistance (kdr) of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Aedes aegypti population in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Parasit Vectors. 10(1): 1–9.
80. Hamid PH, Prastowo J, Ghiffari A, Taubert A, Hermosilla C (2018) Aedes aegypti resistance development to commonly used insecticides in Jakarta, Indonesia. PLoS One. 12(12): e0189680.
81. Hamid P, Ninditya V, Prastowo J, Har-yan¬to A, Taubert A, Hermosilla C (2018) Cur¬rent status of Aedes aegypti insecticide resistance development from Banjar¬ma¬sin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biomed Res Int. ID 1735358.
82. Marcombe S, Chonephetsarath S, Tham-ma¬vong P, Brey PT (2018) Alternative in¬secticides for larval control of the den-gue vector Aedes aegypti in Lao PDR: insecticide resistance and semi-field trial study. Parasit Vectors. 11(1): 1–8.
83. Ping LT, Yatiman R, Gek L (2001) Sus-ceptibility of adult field strains of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Singa-pore to pirimiphos-methyl and per¬me-thrin. J Am Mosq Control Assoc.17(2): 144–146.
84. Lee R, Choong C, Goh B, Ng L, Lam-Phua S (2014) Bioassay and biochemical stud¬ies of the status of pirimiphos-methyl and cypermethrin resistance in Aedes (Steg¬o¬myia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) al¬bopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Singa¬-
pore. Trop Biomed. 31(4): 670–679.
85. Koou SY, Chong CS, Vythilingam I, Lee CY, Ng LC (2014) Insecticide resistance and its underlying mechanisms in field populations of Aedes aegypti adults (Dip¬tera: Culicidae) in Singapore. Parasit Vec¬tors. 7(1): 471–480.
86. Koou SY, Chong CS, Vythilingam I, Ng
LC, Lee CY (2014) Pyrethroid re-sistance in Aedes aegypti larvae (Diptera: Cu¬licidae) from Singapore. J Med Ento-mol. 51(1): 170–181.
87. Frances SP, Morton CJ, Pettit WJ (2016) Studies of the susceptibility of Aedes ae-gypti (D iptera: Culicidae) from T imor‐L este to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides. Aust J Entomol. 55(3): 303–307.
88. Al-Amin HM, Johora FT, Irish SR, Hoss-ainey MRH, Vizcaino L, Paul KK (2020) Insecticide resistance status of Aedes ae¬gypti in Bangladesh. Parasit Vectors. 13 (1): 1–15.
89. Liu H, Cupp EW, Guo A, Liu N (2004) Insecticide resistance in Alabama and Flor¬ida mosquito strains of Aedes al-bopic¬tus. J Med Entomol. 41(5): 946–952.
90. Rawlins SC (1998) Spatial distribution of insecticide resistance in Caribbean pop¬u-lations of Aedes aegypti and its sig¬nif-icance. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 4: 243–251.
91. Richards SL, Balanay JAG, White AV, Hope J, Vandock K, Byrd BD (2018) In¬secticide susceptibility screening against Culex and Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) mos¬quitoes from the United States. J Med En¬tomol. 55(2): 398–407.
92. Francis S, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Perera R, Paine M, Black IV WC, Delgoda R (2017) Insecticide resistance to perme-thrin and malathion and associated mech¬anisms in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from St. Andrew Jamaica. PloS One. 12(6): e0179673.
93. Kandel Y, Vulcan J, Rodriguez SD, Moore
E, Chung H-N, Mitra S (2019) Wide-spread insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti L. from New Mexico, USA. PloS One. 14(2): e0212693.
94. Lopez B, Ponce G, Gonzalez JA, Gutierrez SM, Villanueva OK, Gonzalez G (2014) Susceptibility to chlorpyrifos in py¬re¬throid-resistant populations of Aedes aegypti (Dip¬tera: Culicidae) from Mexico. J Med Entomol. 51(3): 644–649.
95. Marcombe S, Carron A, Darriet F, Etienne M, Agnew P, Tolosa M (2009) Reduced efficacy of pyrethroid space sprays for dengue control in an area of Martinique with pyrethroid resistance. Am J Trop Med. 80(5): 745–751.
96. Polson KA, Rawlins SC, Brogdon WG, Chadee DD (2010) Organophosphate re-sistance in Trinidad and Tobago strains of Aedes aegypti. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 26(4): 403-410.
97. Rodríguez Coto MM, Bisset Lazcano JA, de Fernandez DM, Soca A (2000) Mal-athion resistance in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus after its use in Aedes aegypti control programs. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 16(4): 324–330.
98. Rodríguez MM, Bisset JA, Fernández D (2007) Levels of insecticide resistance and resistance mechanisms in Aedes aegypti from some Latin American countries. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 23(4): 420–429.
99. Ryan S, Mundis S, Aguirre A, Lippi C, Beltrán E, Heras F (2018) Phenotypic and genotypic resistance to commonly used insecticides in Aedes aegypti among four cities in southern Ecuador. Bio Rxiv. 1: 441360.
100. Chediak M, G Pimenta Jr F, Coelho GE, Braga IA, Lima JBP, Cavalcante KRL (2016) Spatial and temporal country-wide survey of temephos resistance in Bra¬zil¬ian populations of Aedes aegypti. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 111(5): 311–321.
101. Goindin D, Delannay C, Gelasse A, Ramdini C, Gaude T, Faucon F (2017) Levels of insecticide resistance to del-tame¬thrin, malathion, and temephos, and associated mechanisms in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from the Guadeloupe and Saint Martin islands (French West Indies). In¬fect Dis Poverty. 26(1): 38–42.
102. Grisales N, Poupardin R, Gomez S, Fon-seca-Gonzalez I, Ranson H, Lenhart A (2013) Temephos resistance in Aedes ae-gypti in Colombia compromises dengue vector control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 7 (9): e2438.
103. LIma JBP, Da-Cunha MP, JÚNIOR RCDS, Galardo AKR, Soares SdS, Braga IA (2003) Resistance of Aedes aegypti to organophosphates in several munici¬pali¬ties in the State of Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo. Brazil Am J Trop Med. 68(3): 329–333.
104. Luna JED, Martins MF, Anjos AFd, Ku-wabara EF, Navarro-Silva MA (2004) Sus¬ceptibility of Aedes aegypti to temeph¬os and cypermethrin insecticides, Brazil. Rev Saude Publica. 38: 842–843.
105. Macoris MdLdG, Andrighetti MTM, Wan¬derley DMV, Ribolla PEM (2014) Im¬pact of insecticide resistance on the field control of Aedes aegypti in the State of São Paulo. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 47 (5): 573–578.
106. Bellinato DF, Viana-Medeiros PF, Araújo SC, Martins AJ, Lima JBP, Valle D (2016) Resistance status to the insecticides temeph¬os, deltamethrin, and difluben¬zuron in Brazilian Aedes aegypti populations. Biomed Res Int. pp. 40–45.
107. Garcia GdA, David MR, Martins AdJ, Maciel-de-Freitas R, Linss JGB, Araújo SC (2018) The impact of insecticide ap-plications on the dynamics of resistance: The case of four Aedes aegypti popula-tions from different Brazilian regions. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 12(2): e0006227.
108. Macoris MdLdG, Andrighetti MTM, Otrera VCG, Carvalho LRd, Caldas Júnior AL, Brogdon WG (2007) Association of in¬sec¬ticide use and alteration on Aedes ae¬gypti susceptibility status. Mem Inst Os¬waldo Cruz. 102(8): 895–900.
109. Suter T, Crespo MM, de Oliveira MF, de Oliveira TSA, de Melo-Santos MAV, de Oliveira CMF (2017) Insecticide sus¬cep-tibility of Aedes albopictus and Ae. ae-gypti from Brazil and the Swiss-Italian border region. Parasit Vectors. 10(1): 431–440.
110. Sá ELRd, Rodovalho CdM, Sousa NPRd, Sá ILRd, Bellinato DF, Dias LdS (2019) Evaluation of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations connected by roads and rivers: the case of Tocantins state in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 114: e180318
111. Dusfour I, Thalmensy V, Gaborit P, Is-saly J, Carinci R, Girod R (2011) Mul-tiple insecticide resistance in Aedes ae-gypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations com¬pro¬mises the effectiveness of den-gue vec¬tor control in French Guiana. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 106(3): 346–352.
112. Marcombe S, Mathieu RB, Pocquet N, Riaz M-A, Poupardin R, Sélior S (2012) Insecticide resistance in the dengue vec-tor Aedes aegypti from Martinique: dis-tribution, mechanisms and relations with environmental factors. PloS One. 7(2): e30989.
113. Lima EP, Paiva MHS, de Araújo AP, da Silva ÉVG, da Silva UM, de Oliveira LN (2011) Insecticide resistance in Ae-des aegypti populations from Ceará, Bra-zil. Parasit Vectors. 4(1): 5–11.
114. Seixas G, Grigoraki L, Weetman D, Vi-cente JL, Silva AC, Pinto J (2017) In-secticide resistance is mediated by mul-tiple mechanisms in recently introduced Aedes aegypti from Madeira Island (Por-tugal). PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 11(7): e0005799.
115. Mathias L, Baraka V, Philbert A, In-nocent E, Francis F, Nkwengulila G (2017) Hab¬itat productivity and pyrethroid sus¬cep¬tibility status of Aedes aegypti mos¬qui¬toes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Infect Dis Poverty. 6(1): 102–110.
116. Kawada H, Maekawa Y, Abe M, Ohashi K, Ohba S-y, Takagi M (2010) Spatial distribution and pyrethroid susceptibility of mosquito larvae collected from catch basins in parks in Nagasaki City, Na¬ga-saki,
Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis. 63(1): 19–24.
117. Sheppard P, Macdonald W, Tonn R, Grab
B (1969) The dynamics of an adult pop-ulation of Aedes aegypti in relation to den¬gue haemorrhagic fever in Bangkok. J Anim Ecol. pp. 661–702.
118. Kongmee M, Prabaripai A, Akratanakul P, Bangs MJ, Chareonviriyaphap T (2004) Behavioral responses of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) exposed to deltame¬thrin and possible implications for dis¬ease control. J Med Entomol. 41(6): 1055–1063.
119. Paeporn P, Supaphathom K, Sathan-triphop S, Chareonviritaphap T, Yaicharoen R. (2007) Behavioural responses of del¬tame¬thrin-and permethrin-resistant strains of Aedes aegypti when exposed to per¬methrin in an excito-repellency test sys¬tem. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/170365/ (access 31 December 2007)
120. Thanispong K, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Bangs MJ, Suwonkerd W, Prabaripai A (2010) A high throughput screening sys-tem for determining the three actions of insecticides against Aedes aegypti (Dip-tera: Culicidae) populations in Thailand. J Med Entomol. 47(5): 833–841.
121. Rohani A, Chu W, Saadiyah I, Lee H, Phang S (2001) Insecticide resistance sta¬tus of Aedes albopictus and Aedes ae-gypti collected from urban and rural ar-eas in major towns of Malaysia. Trop Biomed. 18(1): 29–39.
122. Wan-Norafikah O, Nazni WA, Lee HL, Zainol-Ariffin P, Sofian-Azirun M (2010) Permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) collected from Kuala Lum¬pur, Malaysia. J Asia Pac Entomol. 3: 175–182.
123. Rosilawati R, Lee H, Nazni W, Nu-rulhusna A, Roziah A, MY MF (2017) Pyrethroid resistance status of Aedes (Stegomyia) ae¬gypti (Linneaus) from dengue en¬dem¬ic areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Int Med J Malays. 16(2): 40–46.
124. Yap H, Lim M, Chong N, Lee C (1996) Efficacy and sublethal effects of mos-quito coils on Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Pro¬ceedings of the 2nd International Con¬ference on Insect pests in the urban en¬vi¬ronment; Edinburgh, Scotland: United Kingdom: Heriot-Watt University.
125. Chin A, Chen C, Low V, Lee H, Azidah A, Lau K (2017) Comparative efficacy of commercial mosquito coils against Ae-des aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ma-laysia: a nationwide report. J Econ En-tomol. 110(5): 2247–2251.
126. Boyer S, Lopes S, editors (2016) WHOPES methods to test insecticide susceptibility of 4 Aedes aegypti field populations in Cambodia. Dengue integrated vector man¬agement: dissemination and policy up¬take workshop, 2016 December 1, Phnom Penh Hotel.
127. Astuti EP, Ipa M, Pradani FY (2014) Re¬sistance detection of Aedes aegypti lar¬vae to cypermethrin from endemic area in Cimahi City West Java. Aspirator J Vector Borne Dis. 6(1): 7–12.
128. Sayono S, Hidayati APN, Fahri S, Su-manto D, Dharmana E, Hadisaputro S (2016) Distribution of voltage-gated so-dium channel (Nav) alleles among the Aedes aegypti populations in central Ja¬va Province and its association with re-sistance to pyrethroid insecticides. PLoS One. 11(3): e0150577.
129. Marcombe S, Brey P (2016) Vector map¬-ping, characterization of insecticide re¬sistance of Aedes populations, and ento¬mol¬ogy capacity development in the Lao PDR. Ministry of Health of Laos, Available at: https://www.pasteur.la/project-carried-on-in-the-lab-14/arbovec-plus/?print=print.
130. Lim K, Rudnick A, Chan Y (1961) Re-cent
studies of haemorrhagic fevers in Sin-gapore. Singapore Med J. 2: 158–161.
131. Pang S, Chiang L, Tan C, Vythilingam I, Lam-Phua S, Ng L (2015) Low efficacy of delthamethrin-treated net against Sin-gapore Aedes aegypti is associated with kdr-type resistance. Trop Biomed. 32 (1): 140–150.
132. Kawada H, Higa Y, Nguyen YT, Tran SH, Nguyen HT, Takagi M (2009) Na-tionwide investigation of the pyrethroid susceptibility of mosquito larvae col-lected from used tires in Vietnam. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 3(3): e391.
133. Huber K, Le Loan L, Hoang TH, Tien TK, Rodhain F, Failloux AB (2003) Ae-des aegypti in south Vietnam: ecology, genetic structure, vectorial competence and resistance to insecticides. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 34: 81–86.
134. Kasai S, Caputo B, Tsunoda T, Cuong TC, Maekawa Y, Lam-Phua SG (2016) First detection of a Vssc allele V1016G conferring a high level of insecticide re-sistance in Aedes albopictus collected from Europe (Italy) and Asia (Vietnam), 2016: a new emerging threat to con¬trol-ling arboviral diseases. Euro Surveill. 24 (5): 1700847.
135. Pujiyati E, Kawada H, Sunahara T, Kasai S, Minakawa N (2013) Pyrethroid re¬sistance status of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) collected in Nagasaki City, Japan. Jpn J Appl Entomol Zool. 24(4): 143–153.
136. Hernandez HM, Martinez FA, Vitek CJ (2022) Insecticide Resistance in Aedes aegypti Varies Seasonally and Geo-graph¬ically in Texas/Mexico Border Cit-ies. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 38(1): 59–69.
137. Marcombe S, Darriet F, Tolosa M, Ag-new P, Duchon S, Etienne M (2011) Pyrethroid resistance reduces the effi-cacy of space sprays for dengue control on the island of Martinique (Caribbean). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 5(6): e1202.
138. Flores AE, Albeldaño-Vázquez W, Salas IF, Badii MH, Becerra HL, Garcia GP (2005) Elevated α-esterase levels associ-ated with permethrin tolerance in Aedes aegypti (L.) from Baja California, Mex-ico. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 82(1): 66–78.
139. Flores AE, Grajales JS, Salas IF, Garcia GP, Becerra MHL, Lozano S (2006) Mech¬anisms of insecticide resistance in field populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) from Quintana Roo, Southern Mexico. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 22(4): 672–677.
140. Flores AE, Solis GR, Salas IF, Ramos FJS, Garcia GP (2009) Resistance to per¬methrin in Aedes aegypti (L.) in northern Mexico. Southwest Entomol. 34(2): 167–177.
141. Flores AE, Ponce G, Silva BG, Gutierrez SM, Bobadilla C, Lopez B (2013) Wide spread cross resistance to pyrethroids in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Veracruz state Mexico. J Econ Entomol. 106(2): 959–969.
142. Granada Y, Mejía-Jaramillo AM, Strode C, Triana-Chavez O (2018) A point mu-tation V419L in the sodium channel gene from natural populations of Aedes ae¬gypti is involved in resistance to λ-cyhalo¬thrin in Colombia. Insects. 9(1): 23–30.
143. Da-Cunha MP, Lima JBP, Brogdon WG, Moya GE, Valle D (2005) Monitoring of resistance to the pyrethroid cyper¬me¬thrin in Brazilian Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Cu¬licidae) populations collected between 2001 and 2003. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 100(4): 441–444.
144. Pichler V, Bellini R, Veronesi R, Arnoldi
D, Rizzoli A, Lia RP (2018) First ev-idence of resistance to pyrethroid insec-ticides in Italian Aedes albopictus pop-ulations 26 years after invasion. Pest Manag Sci. 74(6): 1319–1327.
145. Bengoa M, Eritja R, Delacour S, Miranda MÁ, Sureda A, Lucientes J (2017) First data on resistance to pyrethroids in wild populations of Aedes albopictus from Spain. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 33 (3):
246–249.
146. Endersby-Harshman NM, Wuliandari JR, Harshman LG, Frohn V, Johnson BJ, Ritchie SA (2017) Pyrethroid suscep¬ti¬bility has been maintained in the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Cu¬licidae), in Queensland, Australia. J Med En¬to¬mol. 54(6): 1649–1658.
147. Loke SR, Andy-Tan W, Benjamin S, Lee H, Sofian-Azirun M (2010) Sus¬cep-ti¬bil¬ity of field-collected Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) to Bacillus thu-rin¬giensis israelensis and temephos. Trop Biomed. 27(3): 493–503.
148. Lau KW, Chen CD, Lee HL, Norma-Ra¬shid Y, Sofian-Azirun M (2015) Evalu¬ation of insect growth regulators against field-collected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Ma¬laysia. J Med Entomol. 52(2): 199–206.
149. Marcombe S, Darriet F, Agnew P, Etienne M, Yp-Tcha M-M, Yébakima A (2011) Field efficacy of new larvicide products for control of multi-resistant Aedes ae¬gypti populations in Martinique (French West Indies). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 84 (1): 118–126.
150. Li X, Schuler MA, Berenbaum MR (2007) Molecular mechanisms of metabolic resistance to synthetic and natural xenobiotics. Annu Rev Entomoll. 52: 231–253.
151. Liu N (2015) Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: impact, mechanisms, and research directions. Annu Rev Entomol. 60: 537–559.
152. Su T (2016) Resistance and its management to microbial and insect growth regulator larvicides in mosquitoes. In: Trdan S (Ed): Insecticides resistance. InTech Eu-rope, Rijeka, Croatia, pp. 135–154.
Trop Dis. 9(5): 1–5.
2. Ferreira-de-Brito A, Ribeiro IP, Miranda RMd, Fernandes RS, Campos SS, Silva KABd (2016) First detection of natural infection of Aedes aegypti with Zika virus in Brazil and throughout South America. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 111(10): 655–658.
3. Hochedez P, Jaureguiberry S, Debruyne M, Bossi P, Hausfater P, Brucker G (2006) Chikungunya infection in travelers. Emerg Infect Dis. 12(10): 1565–1570.
4. Wong P-SJ, Li M-zI, Chong CS, Ng LC, Tan CH (2013) Aedes (Stegomyia) al-bopictus (Skuse): a potential vector of Zika virus in Singapore. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 7(8): 1–7.
5. Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, Messina JP, Farlow AW, Moyes CL, Drake JM, Brownstein JS, Hoen AG, Sankoh O, Myers MF(2013) The global distribution and burden of dengue. Nature. 496(7446): 504–507.
6. World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) Ethics and vector-borne diseases: WHO guidance, available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/336075. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO/ (access 20 March 2020)
7. Rose RI (2001) Pesticides and public health: integrated methods of mosquito man¬age¬ment. Emerg Infect Dis. 7(1): 17–20.
8. World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) Management of insecticide resistance in vectors of public health importance. Re-port of the ninth meeting of the Global Collaboration for Development of Pes-ticides for Public Health (GCDPP), available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/145673/ (access 10 September 2014)
9. Suzuki T, Osei JH, Sasaki S, Adimazoya M, Appawu M, Boakye D (2016) Risk of transmission of viral haemorrhagic fe-vers and the insecticide susceptibility sta¬tus of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) in some sites in Accra, Ghana. Ghana Med J. 50 (3): 136–141.
10. Kawada H, Higa Y, Futami K, Muranami Y, Kawashima E, Osei JH (2016) Dis-covery of point mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel from African Ae-des aegypti populations: potential phy¬lo-genetic reasons for gene introgression.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 10(6): e0004780.
11. Dia I, Diagne CT, Ba Y, Diallo D, Konate L, Diallo M (2012) Insecticide suscep-tibility of Aedes aegypti populations from Senegal and Cape Verde Archipelago. Parasit Vectors. 5(1): 238–243.
12. Kamgang B, Marcombe S, Chandre F, Nchout¬pouen E, Nwane P, Etang J (2011) Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes ae¬gypti and Aedes albopictus in Central Africa. Parasit Vectors. 4(1): 79–85.
13. Kamgang B, Yougang AP, Tchoupo M, Riveron JM, Wondji C (2017) Temporal distribution and insecticide resistance pro¬file of two major arbovirus vectors Ae¬des aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Ya¬oundé, the capital city of Cameroon. Par¬asit Vectors. 10(1): 1–9.
14. Djiappi-Tchamen B, Nana-Ndjangwo MS, Mavridis K, Talipouo A, Nchoutpouen E, Makoudjou I (2021) Analyses of in-sec¬ticide resistance genes in Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquito popula¬tions from cameroon. Gene. 12(6): 828–835.
15. Ngoagouni C, Kamgang B, Brengues C, Yahouedo G, Paupy C, Nakouné E (2016) Susceptibility profile and metabolic mech¬anisms involved in Aedes aegypti and Ae¬des albopictus resistant to DDT and del¬tamethrin in the Central African Re¬pub¬lic. Parasit Vectors. 9(1): 599–610.
16. Ayorinde A, Oboh B, Oduola A, Otubanjo O (2015) The insecticide susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Cu¬licidae) in farm and nonfarm sites of Lagos State, Nigeria. J Insect Sci. 15(1): 75–80.
17. Oduola AO, Obembe A, Adelaja OJ, Ande AT (2016) Surveillance and insecticide susceptibility status of culicine mos¬qui¬toes in selected communities utilizing long-lasting insecticidal nets in Kwara State, Nigeria. Anim Res Int. 13(3): 2483–2491.
18. Mukhtar MM, Ibrahim SS (2022) Tem-poral
Evaluation of Insecticide Re¬sistance in Populations of the Major Arboviral Vec-tor Aedes aegypti from Northern Nige¬ria. Insects. 13(2): 187–193.
19. Guindo-Coulibaly N, Adja AM, Koffi AA, Diakité NR, Ahoua Alou P, Bassa KF (2014) Insecticides susceptibility of two distinct morphologies at larval stage of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). Eur J Sci Res. 126: 434–443.
20. Konan LY, Coulibaly IZ, Kone BA, Zi-ogba J-CT, Diallo A, Ekra DK (2012) Aedes aegypti susceptibility to insecti-cide from Abidjan City, Cote D'ivoire. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 12(4): 325–329.
21. Sene NM, Mavridis K, Ndiaye EH, Diagne CT, Gaye A, Ngom EHM (2021) Insec¬ticide resistance status and mechanisms in Aedes aegypti populations from Sen¬egal. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 15(5): e0009393.
22. Chareonviriyaphap T, Aum-Aung B, Ratanatham S (1999) Current insecticide resistance patterns in mosquito vectors in Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 30: 184–194.
23. Somboon P, Prapanthadara L-a, Suwonkerd W (2003) Insecticide susceptibility tests of Anopheles minimus sl, Aedes ae¬gypti, Ae¬des albopictus, and Culex quin¬que¬fas¬ci¬a¬tus in northern Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 34(1): 87–93.
24. Jirakanjanakit N, Rongnoparut P, Saengtha¬ratip S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Duchon S, Bellec C (2014) Insecticide susceptible/ resistance status in Aedes (Stegomyia) ae¬gypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand during 2003–2005. J Econ Entomol. 100(2): 545–550.
25. Yaicharoen R, Kiatfuengfoo R, Chareonviri¬yaphap T, Rongnoparut P (2005) Char¬ac¬terization of deltamethrin resistance in field populations of Aedes aegypti in Thai¬land. J Vector Ecol. 30(1): 144–150.
26. Thanispong K, Sathantriphop S, Chareonviri¬yaphap T (2008) Insecticide resistance of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus in Thailand. Pestic Sci. 33(4): 351–356.
27. Prapanthadara L-a, Promtet N, Koottathep S, Somboon P, Suwonkerd W, McCar-roll L, (2002) Mechanisms of DDT and permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti from Chiang Mai, Thailand. Dengue Bull. 26: 185–189.
28. Ishak IH, Jaal Z, Ranson H, Wondji CS (2015) Contrasting patterns of in¬secti-cide resistance and knockdown resistance (kdr) in the dengue vectors Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Malaysia. Parasit Vectors. 8(1): 1–13.
29. Loke S, Wei Ann A, Ahmad NW, HL L, Azirun MS (2012) Insecticide sus¬cep¬ti-bil¬ity status of field-collected Aedes (Steg¬omyia) aegypti (L.) from a dengue en¬demic site in Shah Alam, Selangor, Ma¬lay¬sia. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Pub¬lic Health. 43(1): 34–40.
30. Azeez S (1967) A note on the prevalence and susceptibility status of Aedes (Steg-omyia) aegypti (Linn.) in Jharia, Dhan-bad District (Bihar). J Commun Dis. 4 (1): 59–62.
31. Thavaselvam D, KUMAR A, Sumodan P (1993) Insecticide susceptibility status of Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinque-fas¬cia¬tus and Aedes aegypti in Panaji, Goa. Indian J Malario. l30: 75–79.
32. Singh R, Dhiman R, Mittal P, Dua V (2011) Susceptibility status of dengue vectors against various insecticides in Koderma (Jharkhand), India. J Vector Borne Dis. 48(2): 116–121.
33. Katyal R, Tewari P, Rahman S, Pajni H, Kumar K, Gill K (2001) Susceptibility status OF immature and Adult Stages of Aedes aegypti against conventional insec¬ticides in Delhi, India. Dengue Bull. 25: 84–87.
34. Tikar S, Mendki M, Chandel K, Parashar
B, Prakash S (2008) Susceptibility of im-mature stages of Aedes (Stegomyia) ae-gypti; vector of dengue and chikungu¬nya to insecticides from India. Parasitol. Res. 102(5): 907–1002.
35. Yadav K, Rabha B, Dhiman S, Veer V (2015) Multi-insecticide susceptibility eval¬uation of dengue vectors Stegomyia albopicta and St. aegypti in Assam, In-dia. Parasit Vectors. 8(1): 143–150.
36. Mariappan T, Selvam A, Rajamannar V, Arunachalam N (2017) Susceptibility of Dengue/Chikungunya vector, Aedes ae-gypti against carbamate, organochlorine, organophosphate and pyrethroid insec¬ti-cides. J Environ Biol. 38(2): 251–260.
37. Bharati M, Saha D (2018) Multiple in¬sec-ticide resistance mechanisms in primary dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (Linn.) from dengue endemic districts of sub-Hima¬layan West Bengal, India. PloS One. 13 (9): e0203207.
38. Bharati M, Rai P, Saha D (2019) Insec¬ti-cide resistance in Aedes albopictus Skuse from sub-Himalayan districts of West Ben¬gal, India. Acta Trop. 192: 104–111.
39. Neng W, Yan X, Fuming H, Dazong C (1992) Susceptibility of Aedes al¬bopictus from China to insecticides, and mech-anism of DDT resistance. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 8(4): 394–397.
40. Cui F, Raymond M, Qiao CL (2006) In-sec¬ticide resistance in vector mosquitoes in China. Pest Manag Sci. 62(11): 1013–1022.
41. Yiguan W, Xin L, Chengling L, Su T, Jianchao J, Yuhong G (2017) A survey of insecticide resistance in Aedes al-bopic¬tus (Diptera: Culicidae) during a 2014 dengue fever outbreak in Guangzhou, Chi¬na. J Econ Entomol. 110(1): 239–244.
42. Su X, Guo Y, Deng J, Xu J, Zhou G, Zhou T (2019) Fast emerging insecticide re¬sistance in Aedes albopictus in Guang-zhou, China: Alarm to the dengue epi-dem¬-
ic. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 13(9): e0007665.
43. Tangena J-AA, Marcombe S, Tham-mavong P, Chonephetsarath S, Somphong B, Say¬teng K (2018) Bionomics and insecticide resistance of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus in northern Lao PDR. PloS One. 13(10): e0206387.
44. Kawada H, Oo SZM, Thaung S, Ka¬washi-ma E, Maung YNM, Thu HM (2014) Co-occurrence of point mutations in the volt¬age-gated sodium channel of pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti populations in My¬anmar. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 8(7): e3032.
45. Johnsen R (1967) Preliminary studies of mosquito resistance to insecticides in the Philippines. Mosq News. 27(1): 22–26.
46. Huong VD, Thi Bach Ngoc N (1999) Sus-ceptibility of Aedes aegypti to In¬sec¬ti-cides in South Vietnam. Dengue Bull. 23: 85–88.
47. Huong VD, Bach Ngoc NT, Hien DT, Bich Lien NT (2004) Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti to insecticides in Viet Nam. Den¬gue Bull. 28: 179–183.
48. Thi K, Viet H, Nguyen H (2016) Major resistant mechanism to insecticides of Ae¬des aegypti mosquito: a vector of den-gue and Zika virus in Vietnam. J Trop Med. 1(2): 1010–1016.
49. Kawada H (2017) DDT and Pyrethroid Re¬sistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (skuse): Past, Present, and Fu¬ture. In: Sanders K (Ed): DDT. Vol. 1. Nova Science Publishers, Inc, pp. 33–83.
50. Boyer S, Maquart P-O, Chhuoy K, Suor K, Chhum M, Heng K (2022) Monitoring insecticide resistance of adult and larval Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Parasit Vec¬tors. 15(1): 1–7.
51. Brown AWA, Pal R (1971) Insecticide re-sistance in arthropods. 2nd ed. World Health Organization. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/41685.
52. Camargo S (1967) History of Aedes ae-gypti eradication in the Americas. Bull World
Health Organ. 36(4): 602–603.
53. Harris AF, Rajatileka S, Ranson H (2010) Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti from Grand Cayman. Am J Trop Med. 83(2): 277–284.
54. Marcombe S, Farajollahi A, Healy SP, Clark GG, Fonseca DM (2014) Insecticide re¬sistance status of United States pop¬ulations of Aedes albopictus and mechanisms in¬volved. PloS One. 9(7): e101992.
55. Rodríguez MM, Bisset J, Ruiz M, Soca A (2002) Cross-resistance to pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides induced by selection with temephos in Aedes ae¬gypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Cuba. J Med Entomol. 39(6): 882–888.
56. Rodríguez MM, Bisset JA, De Armas Y, Ramos F (2005) Pyrethroid insecticide-resistant strain of Aedes aegypti from Cu¬ba induced by deltamethrin selection. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 21(4): 437–445.
57. Varón LS, Córdoba BC, Brochero HL (2010) Susceptibilidad de Aedes aegypti a DDT, deltametrina y lambdacialotrina en Colombia. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 27(1): 67–73.
58. Fonseca González I, Quiñones ML, Lenhart A, Brogdon WG (2011) Insecticide re¬sistance status of Aedes aegypti (L.) from Colombia. Pest Manag Sci. 67(4): 430–437.
59. Aponte A, Penilla RP, Rodríguez AD, Ocam¬po CB (2019) Mechanisms of py-rethroid resistance in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti from Colombia. Acta Trop. 191: 146–154.
60. Mazzarri MB, Georghiou G (1995) Charac¬-
terization of resistance to organ¬ophos-phate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides in field populations of Aedes aegypti from Venezuela. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 11(3): 315–322.
61. Mekuria Y, Gwinn T, Williams D, Tidwell M (1991) Insecticide susceptibility of Ae¬des aegypti from santo Domingo, Do-min¬ican Republic. J Am Mosq Control As¬soc. 7(1): 69–72.
62. Corbel V, Fonseca DM, Weetman D, Pinto J, Achee NL, Chandre F (2017) Inter¬na¬tional workshop on insecticide re-sistance in vectors of arboviruses, December Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bio Med Central.
63. Pinto J, Palomino M, Mendoza-Uribe L, Sinti C, Liebman KA, Lenhart A (2019) Susceptibility to insecticides and re-sistance mechanisms in three populations of Ae¬des aegypti from Peru. Parasit Vectors. 12(1): 1–11.
64. Canyon D, Hii J (1999) Insecticide sus-cep¬tibility status of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Townsville. Aust J En¬tomol. 38(1): 40–43.
65. Demok S, Endersby-Harshman N, Vinit R, Timinao L, Robinson LJ, Susapu M (2019) Insecticide resistance status of Ae¬des aegypti and Aedes albopictus mos-quitoes in Papua New Guinea. Parasit Vectors. 12(1): 333–340.
66. Pocquet N, Darriet F, Zumbo B, Milesi P, Thiria J, Bernard V (2014) Insecticide resistance in disease vectors from Ma-yotte: an opportunity for integrated vec-tor management. Parasit Vectors. 7(1): 299–308.
67. Rocha HDR, Paiva MHS, Silva NM, de Araújo AP, da Moura AJF, Gómez LF (2015) Susceptibility profile of Aedes ae¬gypti from Santiago Island, Cabo Verde, to insecticides. Acta Trop. 152: 66–73.
68. Ponlawat A, Scott JG, Harrington LC (2005) Insecticide susceptibility of Aedes ae¬gypti and Aedes albopictus across Thailand. J
Med Entomol. 42(5): 821–825.
69. Pethuan S, Jirakanjanakit N, Saengtha¬ratip S, Chareonviriyaphap T, Kaewpa D, Rongnopa¬rut P (2007) Biochemical studies of insecticide resistance in Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti and Aedes (Steg-omyia) albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Thailand. Trop Biomed. 24(1): 7–15.
70. Karunaratne SH, Hemingway J (2001) Mal¬-
athion resistance and prevalence of the malathion carboxylesterase mechanism in populations of mosquito vectors of dis¬ease in Sri Lanka. Bull World Health Or¬gan. 79: 1060–1064.
71. Fernando HSD, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Perera R, Black WC, De Silva B (2020) Resistance to commonly used insec¬ti-cides and underlying mechanisms of resistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) from Sri Lanka. Par¬asit Vectors. 13(1): 1–14.
72. Chen C, Nazni W, Lee H, Sofian-Azirun M (2005) Susceptibility of Aedes ae¬gypti and Aedes albopictus to temephos in four study sites in Kuala Lumpur City Center and Selangor State, Malaysia. Trop Bi¬omed. 22(2): 207–216.
73. Montada D, Vasuki V, Rajavel A (1993) Evaluation of organophosphorus and syn¬thetic pyrethroid insecticides against six vector mosquitoe species. Rev Saude Pub¬lica. 27: 391–397.
74. Muthusamy R, Shivakumar M (2015) Sus-cep¬tibility status of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Dip¬tera: Culicidae) to temephos from three districts of Tamil Nadu, India. J Vec¬tor Borne Dis. 52(2): 159–165.
75. Saha P, Chatterjee M, Ballav S, Chow-dhury A, Basu N, Maji AK (2019) Prevalence of kdr mutations and insecticide sus¬cep¬tibility among natural population of Ae¬des aegypti in West Bengal. Plos One. 14(4): e0215541.
76. Li M, Li S, Yang X, Liang Q, Lan X, Cao L (1994) Monitoring report of insec¬ti-cide resistance of vector mosquitoes in Hai¬nan Province (in Chinese). Hainan Med J. 5:
206–208.
77. Polson KA, Curtis C, Seng CM, Olson JG, Chantha N, Rawlins SC (2001) Sus¬cep-tibility of two canbodian population of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae to temeph¬os during 2001. Dengue Bull. 25: 79–84.
78. Astari S, Ahmad I (2005) Insecticide re-sistance and effect of piperonyl butoxide as a synergist in three strains of Aedes aegypti (Linn.) (Diptera: Culicidae) against insecticides permethrin, cypermethrin, and d-allethrin. Indonesian Bull Health Res. 33(2): 20271.
79. Hamid PH, Prastowo J, Widyasari A, Taubert A, Hermosilla C (2017) Knock-down resistance (kdr) of the voltage-gated sodium channel gene of Aedes aegypti population in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia. Parasit Vectors. 10(1): 1–9.
80. Hamid PH, Prastowo J, Ghiffari A, Taubert A, Hermosilla C (2018) Aedes aegypti resistance development to commonly used insecticides in Jakarta, Indonesia. PLoS One. 12(12): e0189680.
81. Hamid P, Ninditya V, Prastowo J, Har-yan¬to A, Taubert A, Hermosilla C (2018) Cur¬rent status of Aedes aegypti insecticide resistance development from Banjar¬ma¬sin, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biomed Res Int. ID 1735358.
82. Marcombe S, Chonephetsarath S, Tham-ma¬vong P, Brey PT (2018) Alternative in¬secticides for larval control of the den-gue vector Aedes aegypti in Lao PDR: insecticide resistance and semi-field trial study. Parasit Vectors. 11(1): 1–8.
83. Ping LT, Yatiman R, Gek L (2001) Sus-ceptibility of adult field strains of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Singa-pore to pirimiphos-methyl and per¬me-thrin. J Am Mosq Control Assoc.17(2): 144–146.
84. Lee R, Choong C, Goh B, Ng L, Lam-Phua S (2014) Bioassay and biochemical stud¬ies of the status of pirimiphos-methyl and cypermethrin resistance in Aedes (Steg¬o¬myia) aegypti and Aedes (Stegomyia) al¬bopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Singa¬-
pore. Trop Biomed. 31(4): 670–679.
85. Koou SY, Chong CS, Vythilingam I, Lee CY, Ng LC (2014) Insecticide resistance and its underlying mechanisms in field populations of Aedes aegypti adults (Dip¬tera: Culicidae) in Singapore. Parasit Vec¬tors. 7(1): 471–480.
86. Koou SY, Chong CS, Vythilingam I, Ng
LC, Lee CY (2014) Pyrethroid re-sistance in Aedes aegypti larvae (Diptera: Cu¬licidae) from Singapore. J Med Ento-mol. 51(1): 170–181.
87. Frances SP, Morton CJ, Pettit WJ (2016) Studies of the susceptibility of Aedes ae-gypti (D iptera: Culicidae) from T imor‐L este to pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides. Aust J Entomol. 55(3): 303–307.
88. Al-Amin HM, Johora FT, Irish SR, Hoss-ainey MRH, Vizcaino L, Paul KK (2020) Insecticide resistance status of Aedes ae¬gypti in Bangladesh. Parasit Vectors. 13 (1): 1–15.
89. Liu H, Cupp EW, Guo A, Liu N (2004) Insecticide resistance in Alabama and Flor¬ida mosquito strains of Aedes al-bopic¬tus. J Med Entomol. 41(5): 946–952.
90. Rawlins SC (1998) Spatial distribution of insecticide resistance in Caribbean pop¬u-lations of Aedes aegypti and its sig¬nif-icance. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 4: 243–251.
91. Richards SL, Balanay JAG, White AV, Hope J, Vandock K, Byrd BD (2018) In¬secticide susceptibility screening against Culex and Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) mos¬quitoes from the United States. J Med En¬tomol. 55(2): 398–407.
92. Francis S, Saavedra-Rodriguez K, Perera R, Paine M, Black IV WC, Delgoda R (2017) Insecticide resistance to perme-thrin and malathion and associated mech¬anisms in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from St. Andrew Jamaica. PloS One. 12(6): e0179673.
93. Kandel Y, Vulcan J, Rodriguez SD, Moore
E, Chung H-N, Mitra S (2019) Wide-spread insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti L. from New Mexico, USA. PloS One. 14(2): e0212693.
94. Lopez B, Ponce G, Gonzalez JA, Gutierrez SM, Villanueva OK, Gonzalez G (2014) Susceptibility to chlorpyrifos in py¬re¬throid-resistant populations of Aedes aegypti (Dip¬tera: Culicidae) from Mexico. J Med Entomol. 51(3): 644–649.
95. Marcombe S, Carron A, Darriet F, Etienne M, Agnew P, Tolosa M (2009) Reduced efficacy of pyrethroid space sprays for dengue control in an area of Martinique with pyrethroid resistance. Am J Trop Med. 80(5): 745–751.
96. Polson KA, Rawlins SC, Brogdon WG, Chadee DD (2010) Organophosphate re-sistance in Trinidad and Tobago strains of Aedes aegypti. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 26(4): 403-410.
97. Rodríguez Coto MM, Bisset Lazcano JA, de Fernandez DM, Soca A (2000) Mal-athion resistance in Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus after its use in Aedes aegypti control programs. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 16(4): 324–330.
98. Rodríguez MM, Bisset JA, Fernández D (2007) Levels of insecticide resistance and resistance mechanisms in Aedes aegypti from some Latin American countries. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 23(4): 420–429.
99. Ryan S, Mundis S, Aguirre A, Lippi C, Beltrán E, Heras F (2018) Phenotypic and genotypic resistance to commonly used insecticides in Aedes aegypti among four cities in southern Ecuador. Bio Rxiv. 1: 441360.
100. Chediak M, G Pimenta Jr F, Coelho GE, Braga IA, Lima JBP, Cavalcante KRL (2016) Spatial and temporal country-wide survey of temephos resistance in Bra¬zil¬ian populations of Aedes aegypti. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 111(5): 311–321.
101. Goindin D, Delannay C, Gelasse A, Ramdini C, Gaude T, Faucon F (2017) Levels of insecticide resistance to del-tame¬thrin, malathion, and temephos, and associated mechanisms in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from the Guadeloupe and Saint Martin islands (French West Indies). In¬fect Dis Poverty. 26(1): 38–42.
102. Grisales N, Poupardin R, Gomez S, Fon-seca-Gonzalez I, Ranson H, Lenhart A (2013) Temephos resistance in Aedes ae-gypti in Colombia compromises dengue vector control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 7 (9): e2438.
103. LIma JBP, Da-Cunha MP, JÚNIOR RCDS, Galardo AKR, Soares SdS, Braga IA (2003) Resistance of Aedes aegypti to organophosphates in several munici¬pali¬ties in the State of Rio de Janeiro and Espirito Santo. Brazil Am J Trop Med. 68(3): 329–333.
104. Luna JED, Martins MF, Anjos AFd, Ku-wabara EF, Navarro-Silva MA (2004) Sus¬ceptibility of Aedes aegypti to temeph¬os and cypermethrin insecticides, Brazil. Rev Saude Publica. 38: 842–843.
105. Macoris MdLdG, Andrighetti MTM, Wan¬derley DMV, Ribolla PEM (2014) Im¬pact of insecticide resistance on the field control of Aedes aegypti in the State of São Paulo. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 47 (5): 573–578.
106. Bellinato DF, Viana-Medeiros PF, Araújo SC, Martins AJ, Lima JBP, Valle D (2016) Resistance status to the insecticides temeph¬os, deltamethrin, and difluben¬zuron in Brazilian Aedes aegypti populations. Biomed Res Int. pp. 40–45.
107. Garcia GdA, David MR, Martins AdJ, Maciel-de-Freitas R, Linss JGB, Araújo SC (2018) The impact of insecticide ap-plications on the dynamics of resistance: The case of four Aedes aegypti popula-tions from different Brazilian regions. PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 12(2): e0006227.
108. Macoris MdLdG, Andrighetti MTM, Otrera VCG, Carvalho LRd, Caldas Júnior AL, Brogdon WG (2007) Association of in¬sec¬ticide use and alteration on Aedes ae¬gypti susceptibility status. Mem Inst Os¬waldo Cruz. 102(8): 895–900.
109. Suter T, Crespo MM, de Oliveira MF, de Oliveira TSA, de Melo-Santos MAV, de Oliveira CMF (2017) Insecticide sus¬cep-tibility of Aedes albopictus and Ae. ae-gypti from Brazil and the Swiss-Italian border region. Parasit Vectors. 10(1): 431–440.
110. Sá ELRd, Rodovalho CdM, Sousa NPRd, Sá ILRd, Bellinato DF, Dias LdS (2019) Evaluation of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti populations connected by roads and rivers: the case of Tocantins state in Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 114: e180318
111. Dusfour I, Thalmensy V, Gaborit P, Is-saly J, Carinci R, Girod R (2011) Mul-tiple insecticide resistance in Aedes ae-gypti (Diptera: Culicidae) populations com¬pro¬mises the effectiveness of den-gue vec¬tor control in French Guiana. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 106(3): 346–352.
112. Marcombe S, Mathieu RB, Pocquet N, Riaz M-A, Poupardin R, Sélior S (2012) Insecticide resistance in the dengue vec-tor Aedes aegypti from Martinique: dis-tribution, mechanisms and relations with environmental factors. PloS One. 7(2): e30989.
113. Lima EP, Paiva MHS, de Araújo AP, da Silva ÉVG, da Silva UM, de Oliveira LN (2011) Insecticide resistance in Ae-des aegypti populations from Ceará, Bra-zil. Parasit Vectors. 4(1): 5–11.
114. Seixas G, Grigoraki L, Weetman D, Vi-cente JL, Silva AC, Pinto J (2017) In-secticide resistance is mediated by mul-tiple mechanisms in recently introduced Aedes aegypti from Madeira Island (Por-tugal). PLOS Negl Trop Dis. 11(7): e0005799.
115. Mathias L, Baraka V, Philbert A, In-nocent E, Francis F, Nkwengulila G (2017) Hab¬itat productivity and pyrethroid sus¬cep¬tibility status of Aedes aegypti mos¬qui¬toes in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Infect Dis Poverty. 6(1): 102–110.
116. Kawada H, Maekawa Y, Abe M, Ohashi K, Ohba S-y, Takagi M (2010) Spatial distribution and pyrethroid susceptibility of mosquito larvae collected from catch basins in parks in Nagasaki City, Na¬ga-saki,
Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis. 63(1): 19–24.
117. Sheppard P, Macdonald W, Tonn R, Grab
B (1969) The dynamics of an adult pop-ulation of Aedes aegypti in relation to den¬gue haemorrhagic fever in Bangkok. J Anim Ecol. pp. 661–702.
118. Kongmee M, Prabaripai A, Akratanakul P, Bangs MJ, Chareonviriyaphap T (2004) Behavioral responses of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) exposed to deltame¬thrin and possible implications for dis¬ease control. J Med Entomol. 41(6): 1055–1063.
119. Paeporn P, Supaphathom K, Sathan-triphop S, Chareonviritaphap T, Yaicharoen R. (2007) Behavioural responses of del¬tame¬thrin-and permethrin-resistant strains of Aedes aegypti when exposed to per¬methrin in an excito-repellency test sys¬tem. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/170365/ (access 31 December 2007)
120. Thanispong K, Achee NL, Grieco JP, Bangs MJ, Suwonkerd W, Prabaripai A (2010) A high throughput screening sys-tem for determining the three actions of insecticides against Aedes aegypti (Dip-tera: Culicidae) populations in Thailand. J Med Entomol. 47(5): 833–841.
121. Rohani A, Chu W, Saadiyah I, Lee H, Phang S (2001) Insecticide resistance sta¬tus of Aedes albopictus and Aedes ae-gypti collected from urban and rural ar-eas in major towns of Malaysia. Trop Biomed. 18(1): 29–39.
122. Wan-Norafikah O, Nazni WA, Lee HL, Zainol-Ariffin P, Sofian-Azirun M (2010) Permethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) collected from Kuala Lum¬pur, Malaysia. J Asia Pac Entomol. 3: 175–182.
123. Rosilawati R, Lee H, Nazni W, Nu-rulhusna A, Roziah A, MY MF (2017) Pyrethroid resistance status of Aedes (Stegomyia) ae¬gypti (Linneaus) from dengue en¬dem¬ic areas in Peninsular Malaysia. Int Med J Malays. 16(2): 40–46.
124. Yap H, Lim M, Chong N, Lee C (1996) Efficacy and sublethal effects of mos-quito coils on Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Pro¬ceedings of the 2nd International Con¬ference on Insect pests in the urban en¬vi¬ronment; Edinburgh, Scotland: United Kingdom: Heriot-Watt University.
125. Chin A, Chen C, Low V, Lee H, Azidah A, Lau K (2017) Comparative efficacy of commercial mosquito coils against Ae-des aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Ma-laysia: a nationwide report. J Econ En-tomol. 110(5): 2247–2251.
126. Boyer S, Lopes S, editors (2016) WHOPES methods to test insecticide susceptibility of 4 Aedes aegypti field populations in Cambodia. Dengue integrated vector man¬agement: dissemination and policy up¬take workshop, 2016 December 1, Phnom Penh Hotel.
127. Astuti EP, Ipa M, Pradani FY (2014) Re¬sistance detection of Aedes aegypti lar¬vae to cypermethrin from endemic area in Cimahi City West Java. Aspirator J Vector Borne Dis. 6(1): 7–12.
128. Sayono S, Hidayati APN, Fahri S, Su-manto D, Dharmana E, Hadisaputro S (2016) Distribution of voltage-gated so-dium channel (Nav) alleles among the Aedes aegypti populations in central Ja¬va Province and its association with re-sistance to pyrethroid insecticides. PLoS One. 11(3): e0150577.
129. Marcombe S, Brey P (2016) Vector map¬-ping, characterization of insecticide re¬sistance of Aedes populations, and ento¬mol¬ogy capacity development in the Lao PDR. Ministry of Health of Laos, Available at: https://www.pasteur.la/project-carried-on-in-the-lab-14/arbovec-plus/?print=print.
130. Lim K, Rudnick A, Chan Y (1961) Re-cent
studies of haemorrhagic fevers in Sin-gapore. Singapore Med J. 2: 158–161.
131. Pang S, Chiang L, Tan C, Vythilingam I, Lam-Phua S, Ng L (2015) Low efficacy of delthamethrin-treated net against Sin-gapore Aedes aegypti is associated with kdr-type resistance. Trop Biomed. 32 (1): 140–150.
132. Kawada H, Higa Y, Nguyen YT, Tran SH, Nguyen HT, Takagi M (2009) Na-tionwide investigation of the pyrethroid susceptibility of mosquito larvae col-lected from used tires in Vietnam. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 3(3): e391.
133. Huber K, Le Loan L, Hoang TH, Tien TK, Rodhain F, Failloux AB (2003) Ae-des aegypti in south Vietnam: ecology, genetic structure, vectorial competence and resistance to insecticides. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 34: 81–86.
134. Kasai S, Caputo B, Tsunoda T, Cuong TC, Maekawa Y, Lam-Phua SG (2016) First detection of a Vssc allele V1016G conferring a high level of insecticide re-sistance in Aedes albopictus collected from Europe (Italy) and Asia (Vietnam), 2016: a new emerging threat to con¬trol-ling arboviral diseases. Euro Surveill. 24 (5): 1700847.
135. Pujiyati E, Kawada H, Sunahara T, Kasai S, Minakawa N (2013) Pyrethroid re¬sistance status of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) collected in Nagasaki City, Japan. Jpn J Appl Entomol Zool. 24(4): 143–153.
136. Hernandez HM, Martinez FA, Vitek CJ (2022) Insecticide Resistance in Aedes aegypti Varies Seasonally and Geo-graph¬ically in Texas/Mexico Border Cit-ies. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 38(1): 59–69.
137. Marcombe S, Darriet F, Tolosa M, Ag-new P, Duchon S, Etienne M (2011) Pyrethroid resistance reduces the effi-cacy of space sprays for dengue control on the island of Martinique (Caribbean). PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 5(6): e1202.
138. Flores AE, Albeldaño-Vázquez W, Salas IF, Badii MH, Becerra HL, Garcia GP (2005) Elevated α-esterase levels associ-ated with permethrin tolerance in Aedes aegypti (L.) from Baja California, Mex-ico. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 82(1): 66–78.
139. Flores AE, Grajales JS, Salas IF, Garcia GP, Becerra MHL, Lozano S (2006) Mech¬anisms of insecticide resistance in field populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) from Quintana Roo, Southern Mexico. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 22(4): 672–677.
140. Flores AE, Solis GR, Salas IF, Ramos FJS, Garcia GP (2009) Resistance to per¬methrin in Aedes aegypti (L.) in northern Mexico. Southwest Entomol. 34(2): 167–177.
141. Flores AE, Ponce G, Silva BG, Gutierrez SM, Bobadilla C, Lopez B (2013) Wide spread cross resistance to pyrethroids in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Veracruz state Mexico. J Econ Entomol. 106(2): 959–969.
142. Granada Y, Mejía-Jaramillo AM, Strode C, Triana-Chavez O (2018) A point mu-tation V419L in the sodium channel gene from natural populations of Aedes ae¬gypti is involved in resistance to λ-cyhalo¬thrin in Colombia. Insects. 9(1): 23–30.
143. Da-Cunha MP, Lima JBP, Brogdon WG, Moya GE, Valle D (2005) Monitoring of resistance to the pyrethroid cyper¬me¬thrin in Brazilian Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Cu¬licidae) populations collected between 2001 and 2003. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 100(4): 441–444.
144. Pichler V, Bellini R, Veronesi R, Arnoldi
D, Rizzoli A, Lia RP (2018) First ev-idence of resistance to pyrethroid insec-ticides in Italian Aedes albopictus pop-ulations 26 years after invasion. Pest Manag Sci. 74(6): 1319–1327.
145. Bengoa M, Eritja R, Delacour S, Miranda MÁ, Sureda A, Lucientes J (2017) First data on resistance to pyrethroids in wild populations of Aedes albopictus from Spain. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 33 (3):
246–249.
146. Endersby-Harshman NM, Wuliandari JR, Harshman LG, Frohn V, Johnson BJ, Ritchie SA (2017) Pyrethroid suscep¬ti¬bility has been maintained in the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Cu¬licidae), in Queensland, Australia. J Med En¬to¬mol. 54(6): 1649–1658.
147. Loke SR, Andy-Tan W, Benjamin S, Lee H, Sofian-Azirun M (2010) Sus¬cep-ti¬bil¬ity of field-collected Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae) to Bacillus thu-rin¬giensis israelensis and temephos. Trop Biomed. 27(3): 493–503.
148. Lau KW, Chen CD, Lee HL, Norma-Ra¬shid Y, Sofian-Azirun M (2015) Evalu¬ation of insect growth regulators against field-collected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Ma¬laysia. J Med Entomol. 52(2): 199–206.
149. Marcombe S, Darriet F, Agnew P, Etienne M, Yp-Tcha M-M, Yébakima A (2011) Field efficacy of new larvicide products for control of multi-resistant Aedes ae¬gypti populations in Martinique (French West Indies). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 84 (1): 118–126.
150. Li X, Schuler MA, Berenbaum MR (2007) Molecular mechanisms of metabolic resistance to synthetic and natural xenobiotics. Annu Rev Entomoll. 52: 231–253.
151. Liu N (2015) Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes: impact, mechanisms, and research directions. Annu Rev Entomol. 60: 537–559.
152. Su T (2016) Resistance and its management to microbial and insect growth regulator larvicides in mosquitoes. In: Trdan S (Ed): Insecticides resistance. InTech Eu-rope, Rijeka, Croatia, pp. 135–154.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 17 No 1 (2023) | |
| Section | Review Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v17i1.13198 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Insecticide; Resistant; Aedes; Arboviruses; World | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Asgarian TS, Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Nikpoor F. Worldwide Status of Insecticide Resistance of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, Vectors of Arboviruses of Chikungunya, Dengue, Zika and Yellow Fever. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2023;17(1):1–27.
