Original Article

Toxicity of Pyrethroid and Organophosphorous Insecticides against Two Field Collected Strains of the German Cockroach Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattellidae) from Hospitals in Hamadan, Iran

Abstract

Background: The German cockroach, Blattella germanica is a major hygienic pest and mechanical vector for path- ogenic agents in hospitals and residential areas. The development of insecticide resistance is a serious problem in controlling of this pest. Toxicity of four commonly used insecticides (permethrin, cypermethrin, malathion and chlorpyrifos) against two hospital- collected strains of the German cockroach was investigated.
Methods: Topical bioassay methods were carried out for detecting insecticide susceptibility of adult male cock- roaches. For each insecticide, four to six concentrations resulting in >0% and <100% mortality were used. Three to six replicates of 10 cockroaches per concentration were conducted. The differences between LD50 (µ g/g) values were considered statistically significant only when the 95% confidence intervals did not overlap

Results: Two hospital- collected strains of the German cockroach showed low to moderate levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos, permethrin, malathion and cypermethrin based on resistance ratios compared with susceptible strain.
Conclusion: The low level chlorpyrifos resistance suggesting this insecticide may still provide adequate control of these strains. While the obsereved moderate levels of resistance to cypermethrin could imply developing resistance to this compound.

Chai RY, Lee CY (2010) Insecticide re- sistance profiles and synergism in field population of the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Sin- gapore. J Econ Entomol. 103: 460–471.

Choo LEWC, Tang CS, Pang FY, Ho SH (2000) Comparison of two bioassays methods for determining deltamethrin resistance in German cockroach (Dic- tyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol.93(3): 905–910.

Cochran DG (1995) Misuse of the tarsal con- tact method for detecting insecticide resistance in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ En- tomol. 90: 1441–1444.

Dong K, Valles SM, Scharf ME, Ziechner B, Bennett GW (1998) The knockdown resistance (kdr) mutation in pyrethroid- resistant German cockroach. Pest Bio- chem Physiol. 60: 195–204.

Finny DJ (1972) Probit analysis. Third ed, Cambridge University, London.

Kinfu A, Erko B (2008) Cockroaches as car- riers of human intestinal parasites in two localities in Ethiopica. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 102: 1143–1147.

Ladonni H (2001) Evaluation of three meth- ods for detecting permethrin resistance in adult and nymphal Blattella ger- manica (Dictyoptera:Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol. 94(3): 694–697.

Ladonni H (1993) Susceptibility of Blattella germanica to different insecticides in different hospitals in Tehran, Iran. J Entomol Soc Iran. 12 and 13: 23–28.

Ladonni H (1997) Susceptibility of different field strains of Blattella germanica to four pyrethroids (Orthoptera: Blattellidae). Iranian J Publ Health. 26: 35–40.

Ladonni H, Sadegheyani S (1998) Permethrin toxicity and synergistic effect of pi- peronyl butoxide in the first nymphal stage of Blattella germanica (Dictyop- tera: Blattellidae).

Iranian J Publ Health.27: 44–50.Lee CY, Yap HH, Chong NL, Lee RST (1996) Insecticide resistance and syn- ergism in field collected German cock- roach (Dictyoptera: Blattelllidae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Bull Entomol Res.86: 675–682.

Limoee M, Enayati AA, Khassi K, Salimi M, Ladonni H (2011) Insecticide re- sistance and synergism of three field- collected strains of the German cock- roach Blattella germanica (L.) (Dic- tyoptera: Blattellidae) from hospitals in Kermanshah, Iran. Tropical Bio- Med. 28(1): 111–118.

Limoee M, Enayati AA, Ladonni H, Va- tandoost H, Baseri H, Oshaghi MA (2007) Various mechanisms responsible for permethrin metabolic resistance in seven field collected-strains of the Ger- man cockroach Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) from Iran. Pest Biochem Physiol. 87: 138–146.

Limoee M, Ladonni H, Enayati AA, Vatandoost H, Aboulhasani M (2006) Detection of pyrethroid resistance and cross- resistance to DDT in seven field collected strains of the German cock- roach Blattella germanica (L.) (Dic- tyoptera: Blattellidae). J Bio Sc. 6(2):382–387.

Miller DM, Koehler PG (2003) Least toxic methods of cockroach control. Univer- sity of Florida, Institute of Food and Ag- ricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS). Florida, USA. Available at: http://www.edis. ifas. Ufl.edu.

Milio Jf, Koehler PG, Paterson RS (1987) Evaluation of three methods for detec- tion of chlorpyrifos resistance in a Ger- man cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) population. J Econ Entomol.80: 44–46.

Nasirian H (2010) An overview of German cockroach, Blattella germanica, stud- ies conducted in Iran. J Bio Sc. 13(22):1077–1084.

Nasirian H, Ladonni H, Shayeghi M, Vatan- doost H, Yaghoobi- Ershadi MR, Rassi Y, Abolhassani M, Abaei MR (2006) Comporison of permethrin and fipronil toxicity against German cockroach (Dic- tyoptera: Blattellidae) strains. Iranian J Publ Health. 35: 63–67.

Pai HH, KO YC, Chen ER (2003) Cock- roaches (Preplaneta americana and Blattella germanica) as potential me- chanical dissemination of Entamoeba histolytica. Acta Trop. 87: 355–359.

Pai HH, Chen WC, Peng CF (2005) Isolation of bacteria with antibiotic resistance from household cockroaches (Preplaneta americana and Blattella germanica). Acta Trop. 93: 259–265.

Pai HH, Wu SC, Hsu E (2005) Insecticide resistance in German cockroach (Bla- ttella germanica) from hospitals and household in Taiwan. Inter J En Health Re. 15(1): 33–40.

Reirson DA, Rust MK, Slater AG, Slater TAM (1998) Insecticide resistance af- fects cockroach control. California Agr.42: 18–20.

Roberts J (1996) Cockroaches linked with asthma. British Med J. 312: 1630.

Scott JG, Cochran DG (1990) Insecticide toxicity, synergism and resistance in the German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol. 83(5):1698–1703.

Valles SM, Koehler PG (1994) Influence of carbon dioxide anesthesia on chlorpyrifos toxicity in the German cockroach (Dic- tyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol.87: 709–713.

Valles SM (1998) Toxicological and bio- chemical studies with field population of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. Pest Biochem Physiol. 62:190–200.

Valles SM, Dong K, Brenner RJ (2000) Mech- anisms responsible for cypermethrin re- sistance in a strain of German cock- roach, Blattella germanica (L.). Pest Biochem Physiol. 66: 195–205.

Walles SM, Yu SJ (1996) Detection and bi- ochemical characterization of insecti- cide resistance in the German cock- roach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ Entomol. 89: 21–26.

Wei Y, Appel AG, Moar WJ, Liu N (2001) Pyrethroid resistance and cross- re- sistance in the German cockroach Bla- ttella germanica (L.). Pest Manag Sci.57: 1055–1059.

Zhai J, Robinson W (1991) Pyrethroid re- sistance in a field population of Ger- man cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Japan J San Zool. 42: 241–244.

Files
IssueVol 6 No 2 (2012) QRcode
SectionOriginal Article
Keywords
Insecticide resistance Pyrethroid Organophosphate German cockroach
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Limoee M, Davari B, Moosa-Kazemi SH. Toxicity of Pyrethroid and Organophosphorous Insecticides against Two Field Collected Strains of the German Cockroach Blattella germanica (Blattaria: Blattellidae) from Hospitals in Hamadan, Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2015;6(2):112-118.