Anti-malarial Activity of Nano Tannic Acid MgO Extract Alone and Combined with Chloroquine against Plasmodium berghei
-
Alireza Naziri
,
Afsaneh Motevali Haghi
,
Mehdi Nateghpour
,
Mohammad Shabani
,
Ahmad Dehdast
,
Abbas Rahimi Foroushani
,
Aram Khezri
,
Zahra Farzaneh
Abstract
Background: The global rise in malaria parasite resistance to antimalarial drugs necessitates new therapeutic strategies. Medicinal plant extracts, long used in traditional malaria treatment, have shown antiplasmodial potential in recent studies. This study investigated the effects of nano tannic acid MgO (NTA MgO) and chloroquine (CQ), both individually and in combination, on a chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei strain.
Methods: BALB/c mice infected with P. berghei were divided into 11 groups. Groups were treated with NTA MgO (12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg/kg), CQ (1, 3, 10, 20 mg/kg), pure tannic acid (100 mg/kg), or assigned as controls. Peter's method determined the fifty percent effective dose (ED50) for NTA MgO and CQ. Drug interactions were assessed using the fixed-ratio method (ratios: 100/0, 90/10, 70/30, 50/50, 30/70, 10/90, 0/100). Parasitemia and inhibition percentages were calculated and analysed using SPSS software.
Results: The ED50 values for CQ and NTA MgO were found to be 1.1 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. A synergistic effect was observed when a combination of 30% CQ and 70% NTA MgO was used, which significantly reduced parasitemia compared to the control group (P< 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test). Additionally, NTA MgO administered alone at a dosage of 25 mg/kg effectively reduced the parasite load.
Conclusion: NTA MgO showed strong antiplasmodial activity both alone and with chloroquine (CQ). The 30% CQ and 70% NTA MgO combination exhibited a significant synergistic effect, highlighting its potential as a new treatment for chloroquine-sensitive malaria and the promise of plant-based nanoparticles against drug-resistant malaria.
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4. Mubagwa K (2020) Cardiac effects and toxicity of chloroquine: a short update. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 56(2): 106057.
5. Nateghpour M, Farivar L, Souri E, Hajjaran H, Mohebali M, Haghi AM (2012) The effect of Otostegia persica in combination with chloroquine on chloroquine-sensi¬tive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei using in-vivo fixed ratios method. Iran J Pharm Res. 11(2): 583–588.
6. Palombo EA (2006) Phytochemicals from traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of diarrhea: modes of action and effects on intestinal function. Phy-tother Res. 20(9): 717–724.
7. Prakash BN, Payyappallimanaa U (2013) Eth¬nomedical survey of herbs for the man¬age¬ment of malaria in Karnataka, India. Ethnobot Res App. 11: 289–298.
8. Mazhari N, Nateghpour M, Heydarian P, Fa¬rivar L, Souri E, Haghi AM (2018) In Vivo Anti-Malarial Activity of Heracle-um per¬sicum Fruit Extract, in Combina-tion with Chloroquine against Chloro-quine–Sensi¬tive Strain of Plasmodium berghei. Iran J Public Health. 47(6): 868–874.
9. Ramazani A, Tavakolizadeh M, Ramazani S, Kheiri-Manjili H, Eskandari M (2018) Antiplasmodial property of Glycyrrhiza glabra traditionally used for malaria in Iran: promising activity with high selec-tivity index for malaria. J Ar¬thropod Borne Dis. 12(2): 135–140.
10. Global Partnership to Roll Back Malar-ia (2001) Antimalarial drug combination therapy: report of a WHO technical con-sultation, World Health Organization. Avail¬able at: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/66952
11. Gülçin İ, Huyut Z, Elmastaş M, Aboul-Enein HY (2010) Radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of tannic acid. Arab J Chem. 3(1): 43–53.
12. Pucci C, Martinelli C, De Pasquale D, Battaglini M, di Leo N, Degl’Innocenti A, Belenli Gümüş M, Drago F, Ciofani G (2022) Tannic acid–iron complex-based nanoparticles as a novel tool against ox¬idative stress. ACS Appl Ma-ter Interfac¬es. 14(14): 15927–15941.
13. Dare RG, Nakamura CV, Ximenes VF, Lauten¬schlager SO (2020) Tannic acid, a promising anti-photoaging agent: Evi-denc¬es of its antioxidant and anti-wrin-kle potentials, and its ability to pre¬vent pho¬todamage and MMP-1 expres¬sion in L929 fibroblasts exposed to UVB. Free Radic Biol Med. 160: 342–355.
14. Theisen LL, Erdelmeier CA, Spoden GA, Boukhallouk F, Sausy A, Florin L, Mul-ler CP (2014) Tannins from Hamamelis virginiana bark extract: characterization and improvement of the antiviral effica-cy against influenza A virus and human pap¬illomavirus. PloS One. 9(1): e88062.
15. Quijia Quezada C, Azevedo CS, Charneau S, Santana JM, Chorilli M, Carneiro MB, Bastos IMD (2019) Advances in nanocar¬riers as drug delivery systems in Chagas disease. Int J Nanomedicine. 14: 6407–6424.
16. Hubrecht RC, Kirkwood J (2010) The UFAW handbook on the care and man-agement of laboratory and other re¬search animals. 8th Ed. John Wiley and Sons. Ltd., Publica¬tion, UK.
17. De Niz M, Heussler VT (2018) Rodent ma¬laria models: insights into human dis-ease and parasite biology. Curr Opin Mi-cro¬biol. 46: 93–101.
18. Dehghan H, Oshaghi MA, Mosa-Kazemi SH, Abai MR, Rafie F, Nateghpour M, Mohammadzadeh H, Farivar L, Moham-madi Bavani M (2018) Experimental study on Plasmodium berghei, Anopheles stephensi, and BALB/c mouse system: im-plications for malaria transmission block-ing assays. Iran J Parasitol. 13(4): 549–559.
19. Momenfam F, Nateghpour M, Haghi AM, Farivar L, Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Etemadi S (2021) Interaction between Chitosan and Chloroquine against Plas-modium berghei and P. falciparum Using In-Vivo and In-Vitro Tests. Iran J Par¬asi¬tol. 16(2): 261–269.
20. Waako P, Gumede B, Smith P, Folb P (2005) The in vitro and in vivo antima-lar¬ial activity of Cardiospermum halica-cabum L. and Momordica foetida Schumch. Et Thonn. J Ethnopharmacol. 99(1): 137–143.
21. Fasola TR, Iyamah PC (2014) Comparing the phytochemical composition of some plant parts commonly used in the treat-ment of malaria. Int J Appl Sci. 21(1): 1–11.
22. Tuo K, Béourou S, Touré AO, Ouattara K, Silué D, Konan DT, Adagba M, Koffi D, Yao S, Djaman J, Coulibaly A (2015) Phytochemical screening and polyphe-nolic contents of Dialium dinklagei and Diospyros monbuttensis, two Ivorian me¬dicinal plants used to treat malaria. J Adv Med Pharm Sci. 2(4): 144–153.
23. Soyocak A, Kurt H, Cosan DT, Saydam F, Calis I, Kolac U, Koroglu ZO, Degirmenci I, Mutlu FS, Gunes HV (2019) Tannic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on formalin-induced paw edema model of inflamma-tion in rats. Hum Exp Tox¬icol. 38(11): 1296–1301.
24. Kuppusamy P, Yusoff MM, Maniam GP, Govindan N (2016) Biosynthesis of me-tallic nanoparticles using plant deriva-tives and their new avenues in phar¬ma-cological applications–An updated re-port. Saudi Pharm J. 24(4): 473–484.
25. Willems vdW (2005) Roadmap report on nanoparticles. W and W Espana sl: Bar-celona, Spain, p. 157.
26. Thakkar M, Brijesh S (2016) Combating malaria with nanotechnology-based tar-geted and combinatorial drug delivery strat¬e¬gies. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 6(4): 414–425.
27. Lima RB, Rocha e Silva LF, Melo MR, Costa JS, Picanço NS, Lima ES, Vascon¬cellos MC, Boleti AP, Santos JM, Amo¬rim RC, Chaves FC, Coutinho JP, Tadei WP, Krettli AU, Pohlit AM (2015) In vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity of plants from the Brazilian Amazon. Malar J. 14: 1–14.
28. Yerbanga RS, Lucantoni L, Lupidi G, Dori GU, Tepongning NR, Nikiéma JB, Es¬posito F, Habluetzel A (2012) Anti-ma¬lar¬ial plant remedies from Burkina Faso: their potential for prophylactic use. J Eth¬nopharmacol. 140(2): 255–260.
29. Somsak V, Damkaew A, Onrak P (2018) Antimalarial activity of kaempferol and its combination with chloroquine in Plas¬modium berghei infection in mice. J Pathog. 2018(1): 3912090.
2. Talapko J, Škrlec I, Alebić T, Jukić M, Včev A (2019) Malaria: the past and the pre¬sent. Microorganisms. 7(6): 179.
3. World Health Organization (2024) World malaria report. Available at: https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/reports/world-malaria-report-2024.
4. Mubagwa K (2020) Cardiac effects and toxicity of chloroquine: a short update. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 56(2): 106057.
5. Nateghpour M, Farivar L, Souri E, Hajjaran H, Mohebali M, Haghi AM (2012) The effect of Otostegia persica in combination with chloroquine on chloroquine-sensi¬tive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei using in-vivo fixed ratios method. Iran J Pharm Res. 11(2): 583–588.
6. Palombo EA (2006) Phytochemicals from traditional medicinal plants used in the treatment of diarrhea: modes of action and effects on intestinal function. Phy-tother Res. 20(9): 717–724.
7. Prakash BN, Payyappallimanaa U (2013) Eth¬nomedical survey of herbs for the man¬age¬ment of malaria in Karnataka, India. Ethnobot Res App. 11: 289–298.
8. Mazhari N, Nateghpour M, Heydarian P, Fa¬rivar L, Souri E, Haghi AM (2018) In Vivo Anti-Malarial Activity of Heracle-um per¬sicum Fruit Extract, in Combina-tion with Chloroquine against Chloro-quine–Sensi¬tive Strain of Plasmodium berghei. Iran J Public Health. 47(6): 868–874.
9. Ramazani A, Tavakolizadeh M, Ramazani S, Kheiri-Manjili H, Eskandari M (2018) Antiplasmodial property of Glycyrrhiza glabra traditionally used for malaria in Iran: promising activity with high selec-tivity index for malaria. J Ar¬thropod Borne Dis. 12(2): 135–140.
10. Global Partnership to Roll Back Malar-ia (2001) Antimalarial drug combination therapy: report of a WHO technical con-sultation, World Health Organization. Avail¬able at: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/66952
11. Gülçin İ, Huyut Z, Elmastaş M, Aboul-Enein HY (2010) Radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of tannic acid. Arab J Chem. 3(1): 43–53.
12. Pucci C, Martinelli C, De Pasquale D, Battaglini M, di Leo N, Degl’Innocenti A, Belenli Gümüş M, Drago F, Ciofani G (2022) Tannic acid–iron complex-based nanoparticles as a novel tool against ox¬idative stress. ACS Appl Ma-ter Interfac¬es. 14(14): 15927–15941.
13. Dare RG, Nakamura CV, Ximenes VF, Lauten¬schlager SO (2020) Tannic acid, a promising anti-photoaging agent: Evi-denc¬es of its antioxidant and anti-wrin-kle potentials, and its ability to pre¬vent pho¬todamage and MMP-1 expres¬sion in L929 fibroblasts exposed to UVB. Free Radic Biol Med. 160: 342–355.
14. Theisen LL, Erdelmeier CA, Spoden GA, Boukhallouk F, Sausy A, Florin L, Mul-ler CP (2014) Tannins from Hamamelis virginiana bark extract: characterization and improvement of the antiviral effica-cy against influenza A virus and human pap¬illomavirus. PloS One. 9(1): e88062.
15. Quijia Quezada C, Azevedo CS, Charneau S, Santana JM, Chorilli M, Carneiro MB, Bastos IMD (2019) Advances in nanocar¬riers as drug delivery systems in Chagas disease. Int J Nanomedicine. 14: 6407–6424.
16. Hubrecht RC, Kirkwood J (2010) The UFAW handbook on the care and man-agement of laboratory and other re¬search animals. 8th Ed. John Wiley and Sons. Ltd., Publica¬tion, UK.
17. De Niz M, Heussler VT (2018) Rodent ma¬laria models: insights into human dis-ease and parasite biology. Curr Opin Mi-cro¬biol. 46: 93–101.
18. Dehghan H, Oshaghi MA, Mosa-Kazemi SH, Abai MR, Rafie F, Nateghpour M, Mohammadzadeh H, Farivar L, Moham-madi Bavani M (2018) Experimental study on Plasmodium berghei, Anopheles stephensi, and BALB/c mouse system: im-plications for malaria transmission block-ing assays. Iran J Parasitol. 13(4): 549–559.
19. Momenfam F, Nateghpour M, Haghi AM, Farivar L, Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Etemadi S (2021) Interaction between Chitosan and Chloroquine against Plas-modium berghei and P. falciparum Using In-Vivo and In-Vitro Tests. Iran J Par¬asi¬tol. 16(2): 261–269.
20. Waako P, Gumede B, Smith P, Folb P (2005) The in vitro and in vivo antima-lar¬ial activity of Cardiospermum halica-cabum L. and Momordica foetida Schumch. Et Thonn. J Ethnopharmacol. 99(1): 137–143.
21. Fasola TR, Iyamah PC (2014) Comparing the phytochemical composition of some plant parts commonly used in the treat-ment of malaria. Int J Appl Sci. 21(1): 1–11.
22. Tuo K, Béourou S, Touré AO, Ouattara K, Silué D, Konan DT, Adagba M, Koffi D, Yao S, Djaman J, Coulibaly A (2015) Phytochemical screening and polyphe-nolic contents of Dialium dinklagei and Diospyros monbuttensis, two Ivorian me¬dicinal plants used to treat malaria. J Adv Med Pharm Sci. 2(4): 144–153.
23. Soyocak A, Kurt H, Cosan DT, Saydam F, Calis I, Kolac U, Koroglu ZO, Degirmenci I, Mutlu FS, Gunes HV (2019) Tannic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory effects on formalin-induced paw edema model of inflamma-tion in rats. Hum Exp Tox¬icol. 38(11): 1296–1301.
24. Kuppusamy P, Yusoff MM, Maniam GP, Govindan N (2016) Biosynthesis of me-tallic nanoparticles using plant deriva-tives and their new avenues in phar¬ma-cological applications–An updated re-port. Saudi Pharm J. 24(4): 473–484.
25. Willems vdW (2005) Roadmap report on nanoparticles. W and W Espana sl: Bar-celona, Spain, p. 157.
26. Thakkar M, Brijesh S (2016) Combating malaria with nanotechnology-based tar-geted and combinatorial drug delivery strat¬e¬gies. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 6(4): 414–425.
27. Lima RB, Rocha e Silva LF, Melo MR, Costa JS, Picanço NS, Lima ES, Vascon¬cellos MC, Boleti AP, Santos JM, Amo¬rim RC, Chaves FC, Coutinho JP, Tadei WP, Krettli AU, Pohlit AM (2015) In vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity of plants from the Brazilian Amazon. Malar J. 14: 1–14.
28. Yerbanga RS, Lucantoni L, Lupidi G, Dori GU, Tepongning NR, Nikiéma JB, Es¬posito F, Habluetzel A (2012) Anti-ma¬lar¬ial plant remedies from Burkina Faso: their potential for prophylactic use. J Eth¬nopharmacol. 140(2): 255–260.
29. Somsak V, Damkaew A, Onrak P (2018) Antimalarial activity of kaempferol and its combination with chloroquine in Plas¬modium berghei infection in mice. J Pathog. 2018(1): 3912090.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 18 No 3 (2024) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v18i3.18577 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Nano tannic acid Malaria Drug discovery Combination therapy Mice | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Naziri A, Motevali Haghi A, Nateghpour M, Shabani M, Dehdast A, Rahimi Foroushani A, Khezri A, Farzaneh Z. Anti-malarial Activity of Nano Tannic Acid MgO Extract Alone and Combined with Chloroquine against Plasmodium berghei. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2025;18(3):264-275.
