Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Resistance Status of Invasive Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) from Iran
-
Tahereh Sadat Asgarian
,
Ahmadali Enayati
,
Seyed Hassan Moosa-Kazemi
,
Morteza Zaim
,
Seyed Aghil Jaberhashemi
,
Zahra Saeidi
,
Mohammad Ali Oshaghi
,
Mohammad Mehdi Sedaghat
Abstract
Background: The growing concerns regarding the recent invasion of Aedes aegypti in Iran and the potential outbreak of dengue fever, chikungunya and Zika viruses in the country highlight the importance of assessing the susceptibility of this vector to different insecticides.
Methods: The study assessed the resistance status of Ae. aegypti resistance to insecticides such as deltamethrin, permethrin, malathion, and temephos in Bandar Abbas City, Hormozgan Province, Iran. The research followed WHO standard testing procedures for adult mosquitoes. Adult susceptibility tests were conducted using 1X the discriminating concentrations to determine the frequency and status of insecticide resistance. Additionally, 5X and 10X the discriminating concentration were used to evaluate the intensity of resistance. Larval susceptibility to temephos was tested using concentrations of 156.25, 31.25, 6.25, 1.25, and 0.25 mg/l of temephos.
Results: Adults were resistant to all three tested insecticides at WHO-recommended diagnostic concentrations (DCs). In terms of resistance intensity, Ae. aegypti exhibited low-intensity resistance to malathion and deltamethrin, while resistance to permethrin was high-intensity. Dose-response analysis regarding the susceptibility of larvae to temephos showed LC50, LC90, and LC99 values of 0.013, 0.065, and 0.238 mg/l, respectively. These values indicate resistance when compared to the WHO diagnostic dose for temephos resistance of 0.012 mg/l.
Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the need for an urgent strategy to manage resistance to insecticides and strengthen the integrated management program of Ae. aegypti. This fact emphasizes the importance of reducing larval sources and promoting research on alternative methods and products.
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12. Asgarian TS, Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Nikpoor F (2023) Worldwide status of insecticide resistance of Aedes ae¬gypti and Ae. albopictus, vectors of arbovirus-es of Chikungunya, Dengue, Zika and Yel¬low Fever. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 17 (1): 1–27.
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16. Rahman RU, Souza B, Uddin I, Carrara L, Brito LP, Costa MM, Mahmood MA, Khan S, Lima JBP, Martins AJ (2021) Insecticide resistance and underlying tar¬gets-site and metabolic mechanisms in Ae¬des aegypti and Aedes albopictus from Lahore, Pakistan. Sci Rep. 11(1): 4555.
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18. Sahak MN (2020) Dengue fever as an emerg¬ing disease in Afghanistan: Epidemiolo¬gy of the first reported cases. Int J Infect Dis. 99: 23–27.
19. Dorzaban H, Soltani A, Alipour H, Hata-mi J, Jaberhashemi SA, Shahriari-Namadi M, Paksa A, Safari R, Talbalaghi A, Azizi K (2022) Mosquito surveillance and the first record of morphological and molec¬ular-based identification of invasive spe¬cies Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), southern Iran. Exp Parasitol. 236: 108235.
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21. Azari-Hamidian S, Norouzi B, Maleki H, Rezvani SM, Pourgholami M, Oshaghi MA (2024) First record of a medically important vector, the Asian tiger mosqui¬to Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1895) (Dip¬tera: Culicidae), using morphological and molecular data in northern Iran. J Insect Biodivers Syst.10(4): 953–963.
22. World Health Organization (2020) The WHO recommended classification of pes¬ticides by hazard and guidelines to classification 2019. Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240005662 (acsses 1 May 2020).
23. Liu N (2015) Insecticide resistance in mos¬quitoes: impact, mechanisms, and re-search directions. Ann Rev Entomol. 60: 537–559.
24. Diaz JH (2016) Chemical and plant-based insect repellents: efficacy, safety, and tox¬icity. Wilderness Environ Med. 27(1): 153–163.
25. Li W, Morgan MK, Graham SE, Starr JM (2016) Measurement of pyrethroids and their environmental degradation prod-ucts in fresh fruits and vegetables using a mod¬ification of the quick easy cheap effec¬tive rugged safe (QuEChERS) method. Talanta. 151: 42–50.
26. Burns CJ, Pastoor TP (2018) Pyrethroid ep¬idemiology: a quality-based review. Crit Rev Toxicol. 48(4): 297–311.
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How to Cite
1.
Asgarian T, Enayati A, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Zaim M, Jaberhashemi SA, Saeidi Z, Oshaghi MA, Sedaghat M. Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Resistance Status of Invasive Aedes aegypti (Diptera:Culicidae) from Iran. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2025;.
