Successful Therapeutic Management of Trypanosomosis in a Dog-A Case Report
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Abstract
Background: Trypanosomosis is one of the most important and deadliest diseases of canines. Usually within 3 to 4 weeks an infected dog dies in the acute form of the disease. The use of inappropriate doses of anti-trypanosomatid drugs in animals leads to the development of huge resistance in the organisms.
Methods: The present study communicates the successive therapeutic management of clinical trypanosomiasis with five doses of diminazine aceturate injection. One mongrel dog came with the clinical signs of persistent fever, tachycardia, severe dehydration, pale mucous membrane, corneal opacity, prolonged recumbency, and enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. A Giemsa-stained thin blood smear revealed the presence of Trypanosoma organisms. Haematobiochemical parameters revealed lowered total leucocyte count, haemoglobin, total platelet count, serum total protein, and blood glucose levels and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen.
Results: We observed the animal responded after the third day of post-therapy, and the clinical and haematobiochemical improvement was recorded after twenty days of post-therapy. The corneal opacity completely subsides after 28 days consequently.
Conclusions: During our study we found that the proper significant dosing of diminazine aceturate can cure the Trypanosomosis in dogs.
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2. Eloy LJ, Lucheis SB (2009) Canine trypa-nosomiasis: etiology of infection and im-plications for public health. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 15(4): 589–611.
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5. Varshney JP, Varshney VP, Dwivedi SK (1998) Clinico-endocrinological find¬ings in clinical trypanosomiasis in dog. J Vet Parasitol. 12: 143–144.
6. Soulsby EJL (1982) Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. 7th Ed. Bailliere Tindall, London, p. 533.
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8. Tuntasuvan D, Jarabrum W, Viseshakul N (2003) Chemotheraphy of surra in hors¬es and mules with diminazeneaceturate. Vet Parasitol. 110(3): 222–233.
9. Herrera HM, Davila AM, Norek A (2004) Enzootiology of Trypanosomaevansi in Pantanal, Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 125(3–4): 263–275.
10. Rjeibi MR, Hamida TB, Dalgatova Z, Mah¬joub T, Rejeb A, Dridi W, Gharbi M (2015) First report of surra (Trypa-nosoma evansi infection) in a Tunisian dog. Parasite. 22: 3.
11. Abenga JN, Ezebuiro CO, Kehinder D, Fajinmi AO, Samdi S (2005) Studies on anaemia on Nigerian local puppies with Trypanosoma congolense. Nige¬ri¬an Institute for Trypanosomiasis Re¬search, Nigeria. Vet Archiv. 75: 65–174.
12. Savani ES, Nunes VL, Galati EA, Cas-tilho TM, Araujo FS, Ilha IM, Camargo MC, D’auria SR, Floeter-Winter LM (2005) Occurrence of co-infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Tryp¬anosoma (Trypano¬zoon) evansi in a dog in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 100: 739–741.
13. Sonika S, Sharma G, Juyal PD (2007) Trypanosomosis in a Germanshep-herd dog, a case report. J Vet Parasitol. 21: 81–82.
14. Arora JK, Pathak KML (1995) Clinico-haematological and biochemical chang¬es associated with Trypanosoma evansi in-fection in dogs. IJAH. 34: 33–38.
15. Rani NL, Suresh K (2007) Canine tryp-ano¬somiasis. India Vet J. 84: 186–187.
16. Abbas H, Ullah MR, Rizwan HM, Farooqi SH, Ahmad HM, Ateeq MK, Ahmad M (2021) Canine trypanosomosis: a case re-port. J Hell Vet Med Soc. 71(1): 2787–2790.
17. DaSilva AS, Zanette RA, Lopes STA, San¬turio JM, Monteiro SG (2009) Dimi-nazeneace¬turate in the control of Trypano¬soma evansi infection in cats. Vet Parasi¬toi. 165(1–2): 47–50.
18. Thirunavukkarasu PS, Rao VV, Sriniva¬san SR, Nambi AP, Dhanapalan P (2004) Hae¬matobiochemical findings in case of tryp¬anosomiasis in dog: a clinical study. In¬dian J Vet Med. 24: 117.
19. Garud KV, Lambhate VP, Gatne ML, Bi-rajadar, Mote CS, Gaikwad RV (2005) Acute trypanosomiasis in a dog-a case report. Indian J Vet Med. 29: 139–140.
20. Deschamps JY, Desquesnes M, Dorso L, Ravel S, Bossard G, Charbon-neau M, GarandA, Roux FA (2016) Refrac¬tory hypoglycaemia in a dog infected with Trypanosoma congolense. Para¬site. 23: 1.
21. Geerts S, Holmes PH, Eisler MC, Diall O (2001) African bovine trypanosomiasis: the problem of drug resistance. Trends Parasitol. 17(1): 25–28.
22. Aquino LPCT, Machado RZ, Alessi AC (2002) Haematological, biochemical and anatomopathological aspects of the ex-per¬imental infection with Trypanosoma evansi in dogs. Arq Bras Med Vet Zoo-tec. 54(1): 8–18.
23. Sivajothi S, Reddy BS (2016) Polypeptide profiles of diminazeneaceturate resistant Trypanosoma evansi organisms isolated from a Buffalo. J Vet Sci Med. 4(1): 1.
24. Defontis M, Richartz J, Engelmann N, Bau¬er C, Schwierk VM, Buscher P, Moritz A (2012) Canine Trypanosoma evansi in¬fection introduced into Germany. Vet Clin Pathol. 41(3): 369–374.
25. Da Silva AS, Garcia HA, Costa MM, Fran¬ça RT, Gasperi D, Zanette RA, Teixeira MG, Monteiro SG (2011) Horses natu¬rally infected by Trypano-soma vivax in southern Brazil. Parasitol Res. 108(1): 23–30.
26. Howes H, DaSilva AS, Athayde CL, Cos-ta MM, Correa MMB, Tavares KCS, Mi-letti LC, Lopes STA, Amaral AS, Schmidt C (2011) A new therapeutic protocol for dogs infected with Trypa-nosoma evansi. Acta Sci Vet. 39(3): 988–991.
27. Flores MM, Pereira PR, Mazzanti A, Kommers GD, Fighera RA (2014) Aspec-tosep¬idemiológi¬cos, clínicos e anato-mopato¬lógicos da intoxi-caçãoporace-turato de diminazenoemcães. Pesq Vet Bras. 34: 667–674.
28. Echeverria JT, Soares RL, Crepaldi BA, Oliveira GG, Silva PMPD, Pupin RC, Martins TB, Cleveland HPK, Ramos CADN, Borges FA (2019) Clinical and therapeutic aspects of an outbreak of canine trypanosomiasis. Rev Bras Par-asitol Vet. 28(2): 320–324.
29. Haritha GS, Ramesh P, Hemanth I, Devi RP (2024) Trypanosomiasis in a dog-A case report. J Krishi Vigyan. 12(1): 173–177.
30. Khalafalla RE, AI Mawly JH (2020) Bio-metrical and morphological description of Trypanosoma evansi among one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Oman. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. 19(5): 326–331.
2. Eloy LJ, Lucheis SB (2009) Canine trypa-nosomiasis: etiology of infection and im-plications for public health. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis. 15(4): 589–611.
3. Urkuhart GM, Armour J, Duncan JL, Dunn AM, Jennings FW (1996) Veterinary Par¬asitology. 2nd Ed, Blackwell Publishing (MA), UK, pp. 212–218.
4. Rashid A, Rasheed K, Hussain A (2008) Trypanosomiasis in dog; a case report. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2: 48–51.
5. Varshney JP, Varshney VP, Dwivedi SK (1998) Clinico-endocrinological find¬ings in clinical trypanosomiasis in dog. J Vet Parasitol. 12: 143–144.
6. Soulsby EJL (1982) Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals. 7th Ed. Bailliere Tindall, London, p. 533.
7. Varshney JP, Bandyopadhyay S, Ranjan R, Saghar SS (2003) Diagnosis and treat-ment of Trypanosomaevansi associated corneal opacity in dogs. J Vet Parasitol. 17: 53–55.
8. Tuntasuvan D, Jarabrum W, Viseshakul N (2003) Chemotheraphy of surra in hors¬es and mules with diminazeneaceturate. Vet Parasitol. 110(3): 222–233.
9. Herrera HM, Davila AM, Norek A (2004) Enzootiology of Trypanosomaevansi in Pantanal, Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 125(3–4): 263–275.
10. Rjeibi MR, Hamida TB, Dalgatova Z, Mah¬joub T, Rejeb A, Dridi W, Gharbi M (2015) First report of surra (Trypa-nosoma evansi infection) in a Tunisian dog. Parasite. 22: 3.
11. Abenga JN, Ezebuiro CO, Kehinder D, Fajinmi AO, Samdi S (2005) Studies on anaemia on Nigerian local puppies with Trypanosoma congolense. Nige¬ri¬an Institute for Trypanosomiasis Re¬search, Nigeria. Vet Archiv. 75: 65–174.
12. Savani ES, Nunes VL, Galati EA, Cas-tilho TM, Araujo FS, Ilha IM, Camargo MC, D’auria SR, Floeter-Winter LM (2005) Occurrence of co-infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi and Tryp¬anosoma (Trypano¬zoon) evansi in a dog in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 100: 739–741.
13. Sonika S, Sharma G, Juyal PD (2007) Trypanosomosis in a Germanshep-herd dog, a case report. J Vet Parasitol. 21: 81–82.
14. Arora JK, Pathak KML (1995) Clinico-haematological and biochemical chang¬es associated with Trypanosoma evansi in-fection in dogs. IJAH. 34: 33–38.
15. Rani NL, Suresh K (2007) Canine tryp-ano¬somiasis. India Vet J. 84: 186–187.
16. Abbas H, Ullah MR, Rizwan HM, Farooqi SH, Ahmad HM, Ateeq MK, Ahmad M (2021) Canine trypanosomosis: a case re-port. J Hell Vet Med Soc. 71(1): 2787–2790.
17. DaSilva AS, Zanette RA, Lopes STA, San¬turio JM, Monteiro SG (2009) Dimi-nazeneace¬turate in the control of Trypano¬soma evansi infection in cats. Vet Parasi¬toi. 165(1–2): 47–50.
18. Thirunavukkarasu PS, Rao VV, Sriniva¬san SR, Nambi AP, Dhanapalan P (2004) Hae¬matobiochemical findings in case of tryp¬anosomiasis in dog: a clinical study. In¬dian J Vet Med. 24: 117.
19. Garud KV, Lambhate VP, Gatne ML, Bi-rajadar, Mote CS, Gaikwad RV (2005) Acute trypanosomiasis in a dog-a case report. Indian J Vet Med. 29: 139–140.
20. Deschamps JY, Desquesnes M, Dorso L, Ravel S, Bossard G, Charbon-neau M, GarandA, Roux FA (2016) Refrac¬tory hypoglycaemia in a dog infected with Trypanosoma congolense. Para¬site. 23: 1.
21. Geerts S, Holmes PH, Eisler MC, Diall O (2001) African bovine trypanosomiasis: the problem of drug resistance. Trends Parasitol. 17(1): 25–28.
22. Aquino LPCT, Machado RZ, Alessi AC (2002) Haematological, biochemical and anatomopathological aspects of the ex-per¬imental infection with Trypanosoma evansi in dogs. Arq Bras Med Vet Zoo-tec. 54(1): 8–18.
23. Sivajothi S, Reddy BS (2016) Polypeptide profiles of diminazeneaceturate resistant Trypanosoma evansi organisms isolated from a Buffalo. J Vet Sci Med. 4(1): 1.
24. Defontis M, Richartz J, Engelmann N, Bau¬er C, Schwierk VM, Buscher P, Moritz A (2012) Canine Trypanosoma evansi in¬fection introduced into Germany. Vet Clin Pathol. 41(3): 369–374.
25. Da Silva AS, Garcia HA, Costa MM, Fran¬ça RT, Gasperi D, Zanette RA, Teixeira MG, Monteiro SG (2011) Horses natu¬rally infected by Trypano-soma vivax in southern Brazil. Parasitol Res. 108(1): 23–30.
26. Howes H, DaSilva AS, Athayde CL, Cos-ta MM, Correa MMB, Tavares KCS, Mi-letti LC, Lopes STA, Amaral AS, Schmidt C (2011) A new therapeutic protocol for dogs infected with Trypa-nosoma evansi. Acta Sci Vet. 39(3): 988–991.
27. Flores MM, Pereira PR, Mazzanti A, Kommers GD, Fighera RA (2014) Aspec-tosep¬idemiológi¬cos, clínicos e anato-mopato¬lógicos da intoxi-caçãoporace-turato de diminazenoemcães. Pesq Vet Bras. 34: 667–674.
28. Echeverria JT, Soares RL, Crepaldi BA, Oliveira GG, Silva PMPD, Pupin RC, Martins TB, Cleveland HPK, Ramos CADN, Borges FA (2019) Clinical and therapeutic aspects of an outbreak of canine trypanosomiasis. Rev Bras Par-asitol Vet. 28(2): 320–324.
29. Haritha GS, Ramesh P, Hemanth I, Devi RP (2024) Trypanosomiasis in a dog-A case report. J Krishi Vigyan. 12(1): 173–177.
30. Khalafalla RE, AI Mawly JH (2020) Bio-metrical and morphological description of Trypanosoma evansi among one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Oman. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci. 19(5): 326–331.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 19 No 1 (2025) | |
| Section | Case Report | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v19i1.19998 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Corneal opacity; Diminazineaceturate; Trypanosomaspp; Dog; Thin smear | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Chakraborty P, Sarkar S, Das S, Debbarma B, Chaudhuri S. Successful Therapeutic Management of Trypanosomosis in a Dog-A Case Report. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2025;19(1):86–92.
