Aedes Mosquitoes of Iran: An Updated Review of Distribution and Medical Importance

Abstract

Background: Mosquitoes of the genus Aedes are among the most important vectors of human and animal pathogens worldwide.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed across both national and international scientific databases to identify studies concerning the taxonomy, distribution, ecology, biology and medical importance of Aedes species in Iran. The search encompassed all relevant publications available up to June 2026.
Results: To date, a total of 15 Aedes species have been reported in Iran, including Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Ae. caspius s.l., Ae. vexans, Ae. geniculatus, Ae. flavescens, Ae. echinus, Ae. pulcritarsis, Ae. caballus, Ae. detritus, Ae. uni­lineatus, Ae. vittatus, Ae. leucomelas, Ae. asiaticus, and Aedes cinereus. These species inhabit a wide range of ecologi­cal environments, from coastal salt marshes and floodplains to forest tree holes and man-made containers. Several spe­cies, particularly Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus, are of significant public health concern due to their established role as vectors of arboviruses. These mosquitoes are invasive members of the genus Aedes. Other species, including Ae. cas­pius s.l., Ae. vexans, Ae. vittatus, Ae. caballus and Ae. unilineatus, have also been implicated in the transmission of var­ious viral and parasitic pathogens. Recent records of newly recognized species, such as Ae. asiaticus and Ae. cinereus, have further expanded the known diversity of Aedes mosquitoes in Iran.
Conclusion: Continued entomological surveillance, taxonomic studies, and ecological investigations are essential to improve understanding of species distribution and to strengthen preparedness for the emergence and spread of Aedes-borne diseases in the country.