Insecticide Supply Chain Disruptions in Crisis Settings: An Overlooked Challenge for Vector Control Programs

Abstract

Vector control is a critical component of public health strategies for preventing vector-borne diseases, particularly in crisis settings where the risk of transmission may increase substantially. However, the continuity of vector control programs depends on reliable access to essential insecticides, an issue that has received comparatively limited attention in emergency preparedness and global health security frameworks. Disruptions in manufacturing, procurement, transportation, customs, storage, and distribution can delay or reduce the implementation of indoor residual spraying, insecticide-treated nets, larviciding, and outbreak response activities. Such interruptions may decrease intervention coverage, increase reliance on inappropriate or substandard products, and potentially contribute to the development and spread of insecticide resistance. These vulnerabilities are particularly concerning in settings affected by conflict, natural disasters, population displacement, infrastructure damage, and limited health-system capacity. Strengthening the resilience of insecticide supply chains should therefore be considered an integral component of vector control preparedness rather than solely a procurement concern. Strategic stockpiling, diversified procurement and manufacturing pathways, multi-source procurement, improved inventory management, strengthened logistics, and enhanced international coordination could help maintain continuity of vector control interventions during crises. Greater attention to insecticide supply chain resilience is essential to protect vulnerable populations, sustain disease prevention efforts, and strengthen the capacity of health systems to respond effectively to future emergencies.