The Ecological Aspects of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in Central Iran
,
Abstract
Background: The aim was to survey the specific factors, which cause to decrease blood feeding of mosquitoes important to succeed vector control.
Methods: Larval collection was carried out from fixed and variable breeding places of Yazd County, central Iran in 2009. Autogeny-Anautogeny, Stenogamy-Eurygamy, and blood preference of Culex pipiens were studied using standard mosquito cages blood meal source for Cx. pipiens females considered as the chickens and human and fed females were kept in insectary condition (16:8 L: D, 27±3 °C and 70±10% RH). The data were analyzed using SPSS Ver. 11.5 soft ware.
Results: Totally, 96 females' mosquitoes were tested for Stenogamy versus Eurygamy and 122 for blood preference assay. In the small cages (20× 20× 20cm) and large cage (60× 40× 60cm), the ability of mating and insemination rates were 60.0 and 67.0%, respectively. In spite of Cx. pipiens fed from sucrose 5%, none of them laying eggs in 60× 40× 60 cages during the study. This finding indicated the Anautogeny behavior of this species. This species was found of low tendency to human blood and almost 4 fold fed on chicken.
Conclusion: The occurrence of Steno-Eurygamy, Anautogeny, and Ornithophilic behaviors of Cx. Pipiens was noted. More studies need to be carried out about the bionomics of this species to gain more data about the ecophysiological and behavioral characteristics in other parts of Iran.
Ataei A (2012) Some ecological aspects of potential vectors of Dirofilariasis in the Ahar County, East Azerbaijan Prov- ince, Iran. [MSPH dissertation]. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (In Persian).
Azari-Hamidian S (2007) Checklist of Ira- nian mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). J Vect Ecol. 32: 235–242.
Azari-Hamidian S, Harbach RE (2009) Keys to the adult females and forth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes of Iran. Zootaxa. 2078: 1–33.
Azari-Hamidian S, Joeafshani MA, Mosslem M, Rassaei AR (2003) Adult mosquito habitats and resting-places in Guilan Province (Diptera: Culicidae). Hakim Res J. 82: 12–18 (Persian with English abstract).
Azari-Hamidian S, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR, Javadian E, Abai MR, Mobedi I, Lin- ton YM, Harbach RE (2009) Distribu- tion and ecology of mosquitoes in a fo- cus of dirofilariasis in northwestern Iran, with the first finding of filarial larvae in naturally infected local mosquitoes. Med Vet Entomol. 23(2): 111–121.
Dehghan H, Sadraei J, Moosa-Kazemi SH (2010) The Morphological Variations of Culex pipiens Larvae (Diptera: Culi- cidae) in Yazd Province, Central Iran. Iran J Arthropod-Borne Dis. 4(2): 42–49.
Dehghan H, Sadraei J, Moosa-Kazemi SH (2011) The morphological variations of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in central Iran. Asian Pac J Trop Med.412–420.
Dehghan H, Sadraei J, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Akbari Baniani N, Nowruzi F (2013) The molecular and morphological var- iations of Culex pipiens complex (Dip- tera: Culicidae) in Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 50: 111–120.
Harbach RE (1988) The mosquitoes of the subgenus Culex in southwestern Asia and Egypt (Diptera: Culicidae). Contrib Am Ent Inst. 24: 1–240.
Hayes EB, Komar N, Nasci RS (2005) Epi- demiology and transmission dynamics of West Nile Virus disease. Emerg In- fect Dis. 11: 1167–1173.
Jupp PG (1987) Comparative studies on mor- phology and laboratory biology of Culex (Culex) pipiens Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae) from South Africa and Eng- land. J Ent Soc sth Afr. 50: 455–461.
Jaenson TGT (1990) Vector role of Fenno- scandian mosquito attracted to mam- mals, birds and frogs. Med Vet Ent.4(2): 221–226.
Manoochehri A, Ghiasseddin M, Shahgudian ER (1972) Anopheles dthali Patton,1905, a new econdary vector in south- ern Iran. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 66 (4): 537–538.
Mehravaran A, Oshaghi MA, Vatandoost H, Abai MR, Ebrahimzadeh A, Roodi AM, Grouhi A (2011) First report on Anoph- eles fluviatilis U in southeastern Iran. Acta Trop. 117(2): 76–81.
Moosa-Kazemi SH, Vatandoost H, Nikookar H, Fathian M (2009) Culicinae (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchistan Prov- ince, southeastern Iran. Iran J Arthro- pod-Borne Dis. 3: 29–35.
Mousakazemi SH (2000) Fauna and Ecology of culicidae mosquitoes in Zarrin-Shahr and Mobarakeh areas, Isfahan Prov- ince, [MSPH dissertation]. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Persian).
Mousakazemi SH, Zaim M, Zahraii-Ramazani AL (2005) Fauna and Ecology of Culicidae Mosquitoes of Zarrin-Shahr and Mo- barakeh, Isfahan Province, center of Iran. Medicine and Health in the trop- ics congress, Marseille, France.
Naficy K, Saidi S (1970) Serological survey on viral antibodies in Iran. Trop Geogr Med. 2: 183–88.
Oshaghi MA, Yaghobi-Ershadi MR, Shemshad Kh, Pedram M, Amani H (2008) The Anopheles superpictus complex: intro- duction of a new malaria vector com- plex in Iran. Bull Soc Pathol Exot.101: 429–434.
Knight KL, Malek AA (1951) A morpho- logical and biological study of Culex pipiens in the Cairo area of Egypt. Sot Fouad Ent Bull. 35: 175–185.
Koosha M (2011) Genetic structure and spe- cies composition Culex pipiens complex in Guilan and Hormozgan Provinces, Iran. [MSPH dissertation]. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (In Persian).
Reinert JF (2001) Revised list of abbreviation for genera and subgenera of Culicidae (Diptera) and the notes on generic and subgeneric changes. J Am Mosq Cont Assoc. 17: 51–55.
Rioux J (1965) Autogeny and Anautogeny in the Culex pipiens L. complex. WHO.125: 81–85.
Saebi ME (1987) Morphological study on Anopheline larvae and their distribu- tion in Iran. [PhD dissertation]. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (In Persian).
Saidi S, Tesh R, Javadian E, Nadim A (1976) The prevalence of human infection of West Nile in Iran. Iranian J Publ Health.5: 8–14.
Sedaghat MM, Linton YM, Oshaghi MA, Vatandoost H, Harbach RE (2003) The Anopheles maculipennis complex(Diptera: Culicidae) in Iran: molecular characterisation and recognition of a new species. Bull Entomol Res. 93:527–535.
Shahgudian ER (1956) Notes on Anopheles marteri Senevet and Prunnelle, 1927. Proceedings of the Royal Entomologi- cal Society of London. Series A. Gen- eral Entomology. 31: 71–75.
Shahgudian ER (1960) A key to Anophelines of Iran. Acta Med Iran. 3: 38–48.
Tempelis CH (1975) Host-feeding patterns of mosquito with a review of advances in analysis of blood meals by serology. J Med Entomol. 11(6): 635–653.
Vatandoost H, Oshaghi MA, Abaie MR, Shahi M, Yaghoobi F, Baghaii M, Hanafi- Bojd AA, Zamani G, Townson H (2006) Bionomics of Anopheles stephensi Lis- ton in the malarious area of Hormozgan Province, southern Iran. Acta Trop. 97:196–205.
Vatandoost H, Emami SN, Oshaghi MA, Abai MR (2011) Ecology of malaria vector Anopheles culicifacies in a ma- larious area of Sistan va Baluchestan Province, south-east Islamic Republic of Iran. Eastern Mediterr Health J. 17 (5): 439–445.
Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA (2012) Indi- cation of Pyrethroid resistance in the main malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi from Iran. Asian Pacific J Trop Med.722–726.
Vinogradova EB (2003) Ecophysiological and morphological variations in mosquitoes of the Culex pipiens complex (Diptera:Culicidae). Acta Soc Zool Bohem. 67:41–50.
Vinogradova EB (2000) Culex pipiens pipiens Mosquitoes: Taxonomy, Distri- bution, Ecology, Physiology, Genetics and Control. Pensoft Publisher, Sofia.
World Health Organization (1963) Practical entomology in malaria Eradication. Part I, Field and laboratory techniques. WHO/PA/62. 63: 8–11.
World Health Organization (1975) Manual of Practical Entomology in Malaria. Part II: Methods and Techniques. WHO, Geneva.
World Health Organization (1992) Entomo- logical field techniques for malaria control. Part I and II Lerner and tutor guide. WHO, Geneva.
World Health Organization (2008) Global Malaria Control and Elimination. WHO, Geneva.
Zaim M, Cranston PS (1986) Checklist and keys to the Culicinae of Iran (Diptera: Culicidae). Mosq Syst. 18: 233–245.
Zaim M, Subbaroa SK, Manouchehri AV, Cochran AH (1993) Role of Anopheles culicifacies s.l. and Anopheles pul- cherrimus in malaria transmission in Ghasreghand, Baluchistan, Iran. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 9: 23–26.
Zaim M, Manouchehri AV, Yaghoobi-Ershadi MR (1985) Mosquito fauna of Iran 2- Culex. Iran J Publ Health. 14: 1–12.
Zaim M (1987) The distribution and larval hab- itat characteristics of Iranian Culicinae. J Am Mosq Cont Assoc. 3: 568–573.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8 No 1 (2014) | |
| Section | Articles | |
| Keywords | ||
| Behavior Bionomics Culex pipiens Iran Mosquito | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
