Articles

Interactions between Entomopathogenic Fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae and Sublethal Doses of Spinosad for Control of House Fly, Musca domestica

Abstract

Background: Metarhizium anisopliae strain IRAN 437C is one of the most virulent fungal isolates against house fly, Musca domestica. The objective of this study was to determine the interaction of this isolate with sublethal doses of spino­sad against housefly.
Methods: In adult bioassay, conidia of entomopathogenic fungus were applied as inoculated bait at 105 and 107 spore per gram and spinosad at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 µg (A.I.) per gram bait. In larval bioassay, conidia were applied as combina­tion of spore with larval bedding at 106 and 108 spore per gram and spinosad at sublethals of 0.002, 0.004 and 0.006 µg (AI) per gram medium.
Results: Adult mortality was 48% and 72% for fungus alone but ranged from 66–87% and 89–95% in combination treat­ments of 105 and 107 spore/g with sublethal doses of spinosad respectively. The interaction between 105 spore/g with sublethals exhibited synergistic effect, but in combination of 107 spore in spite of higher mortality, the interac­tion was additive. There was significant difference in LT50 among various treatments. LT50 values in all combination treat­ments were smaller than LT50 values in alone ones. Larval mortality was 36% and 69% for fungus alone but ranged from 58%–78% and 81%–100% in combination treatments of 106 and 108 spore/g medium with sublethals of spino­sad respectively. The interaction was synergistic in all combination treatments of larvae.
Conclusion: The interaction between M. anispliae and spinosad indicated a synergetic effect that increased the house fly mortality as well as reduced the lethal time.

 

 

Barson G, Renn N, Bywater AF (1994) Laboratory evaluation of six species of entomopathogenic fungi for control of House fly Musca domestica L, a pest of intensive animal units. J Inverter Pathol. 64: 107–113.

Bywater AF, Barson G, Renn N (1994) The potential of oil-based suspension of Metarhizium anisopliae conidia for the control of the housefly (Musca domes-tica), a pest of intensive animal units. In: Proc. Brighton Crop Protection Conf. The British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, UK, 3: 1097–1102.

Crespo DC, Lecuona RE, Hogsette JA (1998)An important component in integrated management of Musca domestica (Dip- tera: Muscidae) in caged-layer poultry houses in Buenos Aires, Argentina. J Bio Control. 13: 16–24.

Deacutis JM, Leichter CA, Gerry, AC, Rutz DA, Watson WD, Geden C, Scott JG (2006) Susceptibility of field collected houseflies to Spinosad before and after a season of use. J Agricul Urb Ento- mol. 23(2): 105–110.

Ericsson JD, kabaluk JT, Goettel MS, Myers JH (2007) Spinosad interacts syn- ergistically with the insect pathogen Me- tarhizium anisopliae against the exitic wireworm Agriotes lineatus and Agriotes obscurus ( Coleoptera: Elatridae). J Econ Entomol. 100(1): 31–38.

Geden CG, Steinkraus DC, Rutz DA (1993) Evaluation of two methods for release of Entomophthora muscae (Entomophthora- les: Entomophthoraceae) to infect house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) on dairy farms. J Environ Entomol. 22(5): 1201–1208.

Geden CG, Rutz DA, Steinkraus DC (1995) Virulence of different isolates and for- mulation of Beauveria bassiana for house flies and the parasitoid Muscido- furax raptor. J Bio Control. 5: 615–621.

Jaramillo J, Borgemeister C, Ebssa L, Gaigl A, Tobon R, Zimmermann G (2005) Effect of combined application of Me- tarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) strain CIAT 224 and different dosages of imidiacloprid on the subterranean burrower bug Cyrtomenus bergi Froeschner (Hemiptera: Cydnidae). J Bio Conrol. 34: 12–20.

Kaufman PE, Reasor C, Rutz DA, Ketzis JK, Arends J (2005) Evaluation of Beauveria bassiana applications against adult house fly, Musca domestica, in commercial caged-layer poultry facilities in New York State. J Bio Control. 33:360–367.

Kristensen M, Jespersen JB (2004) Sus- ceptibility of Spinosad in Musca do- mestica L. field population. J Econ Entomol. 97(3): 42–1048.

Lecouna RE, Turica M, Tarocco F, Crespo DC (2005) Microbial control of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) with se- lected strains of Beauveria bassiana. J Med Entomol. 42(3): 332–336.

Pachamuthu P, Kamble ST (2000) In vivo study on combined toxicity of Meta- rhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) strain ESC-1 sublethal doses of chlorpyrifos, propetamphos, and cyfluthrin against German cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J Econ En- tomol. 93(1): 60–70.

Renn N, Bywater AF, Barson F (1999) A bait formulation with Metarhizium ani- sopliae for the control of Musca do- mestica (Diptera: Muscidae) assessed in large scale laboratory enclosures. J Appl Entomol. 123: 309–314.

Scott JG (1998) Toxicity of Spinosad to susceptible and resistant strains of house fly, Musca domestica. Pestic Sci. 54:131–133.

Sharififard M, Mossadegh MS, Vazirian- zadhe B, Zarei Mahmoudabadi A (2011) Laboratory pathogenicity of Entomo- pathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. and Metarhizium aniso- plae (Metch.) Sorok. to larvae and adult of house fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae). Asian J Bio Sci.4(2): 128–137.

Shono T, Scott JG (2003) Spinosad resistance in the housefly, Musca domestica, is due to a recessive factor on outosome 1. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 75:1–7.

Steinkraus DC, Geden CJ, Rutz DA, Kramer JP (1990) First report of the natural occurrence of Beauveria bassiana (Moni- liales: Moniliaceae) in Musca domes- tica (Diptera: Muscidae). J Med Ento- mol. 27: 309–312.

Thompson SR, Brandebburg RL (2006).Effect of combining Imidacloprid and Diatomaceous Earth with Beauveria bassiana on mole cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllotapiade) mortality. J Econ Ento- mol. 99(6): 1948–1954.

Watson, DW, Geden CG, Long SJ, Rutz DA (1995) Efficacy of Beauveria bassi- ana for controlling the house fly and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae). J Bio Con- trol. 5: 405–411.

Watson DW, Rutz DA, Long SJ (1996)Beauveria bassiana and sawdust bedding for the management of the house fly, Musca domestica (Diptera: Musci- dae) in calf hutches. J Bio Control. 7:221–227.

White WH, McCoy CM, Meyer J, Winkle, JR (2007) Knockdown and mortality comparisons among Spinosad-Imidaclo- prid and Methomyl-containing baits against susceptible Musca domestica L. under laboratory conditions. J Econ Entomol. 100(1): 155–163.

Zurek L, Watson DW, Schal C (2002) Syn- ergism between Metarhizium aniso- pliae (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) and boric acid against the German cock- roach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae). J Bio Control. 23: 296–302.

Files
IssueVol 5 No 1 (2011) QRcode
SectionArticles
Keywords
Metarhizium anisopliae Musca domestica spinosad Iran
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Sharififard M, Mossadegh M, Vazirianzadeh B, Zarei-Mahmoudabadi A. Interactions between Entomopathogenic Fungus, Metarhizium anisopliae and Sublethal Doses of Spinosad for Control of House Fly, Musca domestica. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 1;5(1):28-36.