Designing and Introducing a New Artificial Feeding Apparatus for Sand Fly Rearing
Abstract
Background: Due to strict ethical rules, the risk of accidental disease transmission and the most importantly, inconvenience regarding using of live animals, artificial feeding apparatus has been developed for colonization of haematophagous insects. Rearing of sandfly is more difficult than other haematophagous insects.
Methods: In the current study, a new apparatus for membrane feeding of Phlebotomus papatasi was designed, made and compared with available apparatus in Sand Fly Insectary, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, in 2014.
Results: In comparison to other apparatus designed for artificial feeding of other arthropods, our designed apparatus had the highest performance which after up to 1h, the majority of sand flies landed and took blood and among tested membranes, chicken skin was proved the most efficient membrane.
Conclusion: Sand fly artificial feeding apparatus can be used at least for rearing of Ph. papatasi.
1. Endris RG, Perkins PV, Young DG, Johnson RN (1982) Techniques for laboratory rearing of sand flies (Diptera: Psy-chodidae). Mosq News. 42: 400–407.
2. Allen JR, West AS (1962) Collection of oral secretion from mosquitoes. Mosq News. 22: 157–159.
3. Adler S, Theodor O (1927) The behaviour of cultures of Leishmania tropica, L. in-fantum and L. braziliensis in the sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi. Nature. 119: 48–49.
4. Rodhain J, Pons C, Vandenbranden J, Bequa-ert J (1912) Contribution au mecanisme de la transmission des trypanosomes par les glussinen. Arch Schiffus Trop Hyg. 16:732–739.
5. Galun R (1967) Feeding stimuli and artifi-cial feeding. Bull World Health Organ. 36: 590–593.
6. Langley PA, Maly H (1969) Membrane feed-ing technique for tsetse flies (Glossina spp.). Nature. 221: 855–856.
7. Lauer DM, Sonenshine DE (1978) Adaptions of membrane feeding techniques for feed-ing the squirrel flea, Orchopeas howardi, and the squirrel louse, Neohaematopinus sciuropteri, with notes on the feeding of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus var. corporis. J Med Entomol. 14: 595–596.
8. Owens L (1981) A method for membrane feeding blood to Culicoides. Aust Vet J. 57: 396–397.
9. Tesh RB, Modi GB (1984) A simple method for experimental infection of phlebotomine sand flies with Leishmania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 33: 41–46.
10. Bernardo MJ, Cupp EW (1986) Rearing black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the la-boratory: mass-scale in vitro membrane feeding and its application to collection of saliva and parasitological and repellent studies. J Med Entomol. 23: 666–679.
11. Hagen HE, Grunewald J (1990) Routine blood-feeding of Aedes aegypti via a new membrane. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 6: 535–536.
12. Burg JG, Knapp FW, Silapanuntakul S (1993) Feeding Haematobia irritans (Dip-tera: Muscidae) adults through a nylonre-inforced silicone membrane. J Med En-tomol. 30: 462–466.
13. Blackwell A, Mellor PS, Mordue W (1994) Laboratory feeding of Culicoides impunc-tatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) through natural and artificial membranes. J Med Entomol. 31: 302–305.
14. Samish M, Kozlowska A, Maramorosch K (1995) Factors affecting membrane feed-ing of Anopheles stephensi. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 11: 408–415.
15. Ghosh KN, Mukhopadhyay J (1998) The effect of anti-sand fly saliva antibodies
on Phlebotomus argentipes and Leish-mania donovani. Int J Parasitol. 28: 275–281.
16. Killick-Kendrick R (1978) Recent advances and outstanding problems in the biology of phlebotomine sandflies. A review. Acta Trop. 35: 297–313.
17. Killick-Kendrick M, Killick-Kendrick R (1991) The initial establishment of sand fly colonies. Parassitologia. 33: 315–320.
18. Cosgrove JB, Wood RJ, Petric D, Evans DT, Abbott RH (1994) A convenient mos-quito membrane feeding system. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 10: 434–436.
19. Ward RD, Lainson R, Shaw JJ (1978) Some method for membrane feeding of labora-tory reared, neotropical sandflies (Dip-tera: Psychodidae). Ann Trop Med Para-sitol. 72(3): 269–276.
20. Mann RS, Kaufman PE (2010) Coloniza-tion of Lutzomyia shannoni (Diptera: Psychodidae) utilizing an artificial blood feeding technique. J Vector Ecol. 35(2): 286–294.
21. Adler S, Ber M (1941) The transmission of Leishmania tropica by the bite of Phlebotomus papatasi. Indian J Med Res. 29: 803–809.
22. Ghosh KN (1994) A modified artificial membrane feeding method for the study of the transmission dynamics of leishman-iasis. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg. 88 (4): 488–489.
23. Harre JG, Dorsey KM, Armstrong KL, Burge JR, Kinnmon KE (2001) Com-parative fecundity and survival rates of Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies mem-brane fed on blood from eight mammal species. Med Vet Entomol. 15: 189–196.
24. Hertig M, McConnell E (1963) Experimental infection of Panamanian Phlebotomus sandflies with Leishmania. Exp Parasitol.14: 92–106.
25. Behin R (1967) Artificial feeding apparatus for mosquitoes. Mosq News. 27(1): 7–90.
26. Tabart J, Colin M, Carayon J, Tene N, Payre B, Vetillard A (2013) Artificial feeding of Varroa destructor through a chitosan membrane: a tool for studying the host-microparasite relationship. Exp Appl Ac-arol. 61: 107–118.
27. Gerberg EJ, Kutz FW (1971) A large-scale artificial feeding technique for infecting mosquitoes and its application to screen-ing antimalarial chemicals. J Med Ento-mol. 8(5): 610–612.
28. Probst RJ, Wellde BT, Lawyer PG, Stiteler JS, Rowton ED (2001) Rhesus monkey model for Leishmania major transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi sandfly bites. Med Vet Entomol. 15: 12–21.
2. Allen JR, West AS (1962) Collection of oral secretion from mosquitoes. Mosq News. 22: 157–159.
3. Adler S, Theodor O (1927) The behaviour of cultures of Leishmania tropica, L. in-fantum and L. braziliensis in the sandfly Phlebotomus papatasi. Nature. 119: 48–49.
4. Rodhain J, Pons C, Vandenbranden J, Bequa-ert J (1912) Contribution au mecanisme de la transmission des trypanosomes par les glussinen. Arch Schiffus Trop Hyg. 16:732–739.
5. Galun R (1967) Feeding stimuli and artifi-cial feeding. Bull World Health Organ. 36: 590–593.
6. Langley PA, Maly H (1969) Membrane feed-ing technique for tsetse flies (Glossina spp.). Nature. 221: 855–856.
7. Lauer DM, Sonenshine DE (1978) Adaptions of membrane feeding techniques for feed-ing the squirrel flea, Orchopeas howardi, and the squirrel louse, Neohaematopinus sciuropteri, with notes on the feeding of the human body louse, Pediculus humanus var. corporis. J Med Entomol. 14: 595–596.
8. Owens L (1981) A method for membrane feeding blood to Culicoides. Aust Vet J. 57: 396–397.
9. Tesh RB, Modi GB (1984) A simple method for experimental infection of phlebotomine sand flies with Leishmania. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 33: 41–46.
10. Bernardo MJ, Cupp EW (1986) Rearing black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in the la-boratory: mass-scale in vitro membrane feeding and its application to collection of saliva and parasitological and repellent studies. J Med Entomol. 23: 666–679.
11. Hagen HE, Grunewald J (1990) Routine blood-feeding of Aedes aegypti via a new membrane. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 6: 535–536.
12. Burg JG, Knapp FW, Silapanuntakul S (1993) Feeding Haematobia irritans (Dip-tera: Muscidae) adults through a nylonre-inforced silicone membrane. J Med En-tomol. 30: 462–466.
13. Blackwell A, Mellor PS, Mordue W (1994) Laboratory feeding of Culicoides impunc-tatus (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) through natural and artificial membranes. J Med Entomol. 31: 302–305.
14. Samish M, Kozlowska A, Maramorosch K (1995) Factors affecting membrane feed-ing of Anopheles stephensi. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 11: 408–415.
15. Ghosh KN, Mukhopadhyay J (1998) The effect of anti-sand fly saliva antibodies
on Phlebotomus argentipes and Leish-mania donovani. Int J Parasitol. 28: 275–281.
16. Killick-Kendrick R (1978) Recent advances and outstanding problems in the biology of phlebotomine sandflies. A review. Acta Trop. 35: 297–313.
17. Killick-Kendrick M, Killick-Kendrick R (1991) The initial establishment of sand fly colonies. Parassitologia. 33: 315–320.
18. Cosgrove JB, Wood RJ, Petric D, Evans DT, Abbott RH (1994) A convenient mos-quito membrane feeding system. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 10: 434–436.
19. Ward RD, Lainson R, Shaw JJ (1978) Some method for membrane feeding of labora-tory reared, neotropical sandflies (Dip-tera: Psychodidae). Ann Trop Med Para-sitol. 72(3): 269–276.
20. Mann RS, Kaufman PE (2010) Coloniza-tion of Lutzomyia shannoni (Diptera: Psychodidae) utilizing an artificial blood feeding technique. J Vector Ecol. 35(2): 286–294.
21. Adler S, Ber M (1941) The transmission of Leishmania tropica by the bite of Phlebotomus papatasi. Indian J Med Res. 29: 803–809.
22. Ghosh KN (1994) A modified artificial membrane feeding method for the study of the transmission dynamics of leishman-iasis. Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg. 88 (4): 488–489.
23. Harre JG, Dorsey KM, Armstrong KL, Burge JR, Kinnmon KE (2001) Com-parative fecundity and survival rates of Phlebotomus papatasi sand flies mem-brane fed on blood from eight mammal species. Med Vet Entomol. 15: 189–196.
24. Hertig M, McConnell E (1963) Experimental infection of Panamanian Phlebotomus sandflies with Leishmania. Exp Parasitol.14: 92–106.
25. Behin R (1967) Artificial feeding apparatus for mosquitoes. Mosq News. 27(1): 7–90.
26. Tabart J, Colin M, Carayon J, Tene N, Payre B, Vetillard A (2013) Artificial feeding of Varroa destructor through a chitosan membrane: a tool for studying the host-microparasite relationship. Exp Appl Ac-arol. 61: 107–118.
27. Gerberg EJ, Kutz FW (1971) A large-scale artificial feeding technique for infecting mosquitoes and its application to screen-ing antimalarial chemicals. J Med Ento-mol. 8(5): 610–612.
28. Probst RJ, Wellde BT, Lawyer PG, Stiteler JS, Rowton ED (2001) Rhesus monkey model for Leishmania major transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi sandfly bites. Med Vet Entomol. 15: 12–21.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 12 No 4 (2018) | |
| Section | Short Communication | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/jad.v12i4.363 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Phlebotomus papatasi Artificial feeding apparatus Blood-feeding insects Sandfly | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Fatemi M, Saeidi Z, Noruzian P, Akhavan AA. Designing and Introducing a New Artificial Feeding Apparatus for Sand Fly Rearing. J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2018;12(4):426-431.
