Assessment of Recombination in the S-segment Genome of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Iran
-
Sadegh Chinikar
,
Nariman Shah-Hosseini
,
Saeid Bouzari
,
MohammadAli Shokrgozar
,
Ehsan Mostafavi
,
Tahmineh Jalali
,
Sahar Khakifirouz
,
Martin H Groschup
,
Matthias Niedrig
Abstract
Background: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) belongs to genus Nairovirus and family Bunyaviridae. The main aim of this study was to investigate the extent of recombination in S-segment genome of CCHFV in Iran.
Methods: Samples were isolated from Iranian patients and those available in GenBank, and analyzed by phylogenetic and bootscan methods.
Results: Through comparison of the phylogenetic trees based on full length sequences and partial fragments in the S-segment genome of CCHFV, genetic switch was evident, due to recombination event. Moreover, evidence of multiple recombination events was detected in query isolates when bootscan analysis was used by SimPlot software.
Conclusion: Switch of different genomic regions between different strains by recombination could contribute to CCHFV diversification and evolution. The occurrence of recombination in CCHFV has a critical impact on epidemiological investigations and vaccine design.
Alcami A, Koszinowski UH (2000) Viral mech-anisms of immune evasion. Immunolo- gy Today. 21: 447–455.
Champour M, Chinikar S, Mohammadi G, Razmi G, Shah-Hosseini N, Khakifirouz S, Mostafavi E, Jalali T (2014a) Molecular epidemiology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus detected from ticks of one humped camels (Camelus dromedarius) pop- ulation in northeastern Iran. J Parasit Dis. 1–6. Doi: 10.1007/s12639-014-0458-y
Champour M, Mohammadi GR, Chinikar S, Razmi G, Shah-Hosseini N, Khakifirouz S, Mostafavi E, Jalali T (2014b) Seroepidemiology of Crimean- Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in one- humped camels (Camelus dro- medarius) population in northeast of Iran. J Vector Borne Dis. 51: 62–65.
Chare ER, Gould EA, Holmes EC (2003) Phylogenetic analysis reveals a low rate of homologous recombination in negative-sense RNA viruses. J Gen Virol. 84: 2691–2703.
Chinikar S, Shah-Hosseini N, Bouzari S, Jalali T, Shokrgozar MA, Mostafavi E (2013a) New circulating genomic variant of Crimean-Congo hemorrhag- ic fever virus in Iran. Archives Virol.158: 1085–1088.
Chinikar S, Shayesteh M, Khakifirouz S, Jalali T, Rasi Varaie F S, Rafigh M, Mostafavi E, Shah-Hosseini N (2013b) Nosocomial infection of Crimean- Congo haemorrhagic fever in eastern Iran: case report. Travel Med Infect Dis. 11: 252–255.
Chinikar S, Shah-Hosseini N, Khakifirouz S, Rafigh M, Hasanzehi (2012a) Se- rological and molecular evaluation of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever in Iranian probable patients. Int J Infect Dis. 16: 250.
Chinikar S, Mojataba Ghiasi S, Moradi M, Goya M, Reza Shirzadi M, Zeinali M,Mostafavi E, Pourahmad M, Haeri A (2010) Phylogenetic analysis in a recent controlled outbreak of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in the south of Iran, December 2008. Euro Surveill, 15: 47.
Chinikar S, Persson S M, Johansson M, Bladh L, Goya M, Houshmand B, Mirazimi A, Plyusnin A, Lundkvist A, Nilsson M (2004) Genetic analysis of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever vi- rus in Iran. J Med Virol. 73: 404–411.
Deyde VM, Khristova ML, Rollin PE, Ksiazek TG, Nichol ST (2006) Cri- mean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus genomics and global diversity. J Virol.80: 8834–8842.
Elevli M, Ozkul AA, Civilibal M, Midilli K, Gargili A, Duru NS (2010) A newly identified Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus strain in Turkey. Int J Infect Dis. 14: 213–216.
Flick R, Flick K, Feldmann H, Elgh F (2003) Reverse genetics for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. J Virol. 77:5997–6006.
Garcia S, Chinikar S, Coudrier D, Billecocq A, Hooshmand B, Crance J, Garin D, Bouloy M (2006) Evaluation of a Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever vi- rus recombinant antigen expressed by Semliki Forest suicide virus for IgM and IgG antibody detection in human and animal sera collected in Iran. J Clin Virol. 35: 154–159.
Han N, Rayner S (2011) Epidemiology and mutational analysis of global strains of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. Virol Sin. 26: 229–244.
Hewson R, Gmyl A, Gmyl L, Smirnova S E, Karganova G, Jamil B, Hasan R, Chamberlain J, Clegg C (2004) Evi- dence of segment reassortment in Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. J Gen Virol. 85: 3059–3070.
Kinsella E, Martin SG, Grolla A, Czub M, Feldmann H, Flick R (2004) Sequence determination of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus L segment. Virol. 321: 23–28.
Lole KS, Bollinger RC, Paranjape RS, Gadkari D, Kulkarni SS, Novak NG, Ingersoll R, Sheppard HW, Ray SC (1999) Full-length human immuno- deficiency virus type 1 genomes from subtype C-infected seroconverters in India, with evidence of intersubtype recombination. J Virol. 73: 152–160.
Lukashev AN (2005) Evidence for recom- bination in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. J Gen Virol. 86: 2333–2338.
Nuttall P A (2001) Crimean congo hemor- rhagic Fever. In: Service M W (ed.) Encyclopedia of arthropod-transmitted infections. UK: CAB International Wallingford
Mehravaran A, Moradi M, Telmadarraiy Z, Mostafavi E, Moradi AR, Khaki-firouz S, Shah-Hosseini N, Varaie FSR, Jalali T, Hekmat S (2013) Molecular detec- tion of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus in ticks from south- eastern Iran. Ticks and Tick-borne Dis.4: 35–38.
Swanepoel R, Gill D, Shepherd A, Leman P, Mynhardt J, Harvey S (1989) The clinical pathology of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever. Review of Infec- tious Diseases, 11, S794-S800.
Rodriguez LL, Maupin GO, Ksiazek TG, Rollin PE, Khan AS, Schwartz TF, Lofts RS, Smith JF, Noor AM, Peters CJ (1997) Molecular investigation of a multisource outbreak of Crimean- Congo hemorrhagic fever in the United Arab Emirates. Am J Trop Med Hyg.57: 512–518.
Weber F, Elliott RM (2002) Antigenic drift, antigenic shift and interferon antago- nists: how bunyaviruses counteract the immune system. Virus research. 88:129–136.
Worobey M, Holmes EC (1999) Evolution- ary aspects of recombination in RNA viruses. J Gen Virol. 80: 2535–2543.
Yadav PD, Cherian SS, Zawar D, Kokate P, Gunjikar R, Jadhav S, Mishra AC, Mourya DT (2012) Genetic charac- terization and molecular clock anal- yses of the Crimean-Congo Hemor- rhagic Fever virus from human and ticks in India, 2010–2011. Infect Genet Evol. 14: 223–231.
Yashina L, Vyshemirskii O, Seregin S, Petrova I, Samokhvalov E, Lvov D, Gutorov V, Kuzina I, Tyunnikov G, Tang YW (2003) Genetic analysis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in Russia. J Clin Microbiol. 41:860–862.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 10 No 1 (2016) | |
| Section | Original Article | |
| Keywords | ||
| Recombination Phylogenetic Diversity Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Iran | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
